Paipu kila API 5L X65 LSAW: Nā hiki ke hana a me nā kikoʻī huahana

Wehewehe Pōkole:

Hāʻawi ʻo Womic Steel i ka paipu kila API 5L X65 (L450) LSAW kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻoili kinoea kiʻekiʻe, nā paipu kai hohonu, a me nā noi lawelawe ʻawaʻawa. Hāʻawi ʻo X65 i ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi o 450 MPa (65,300 psi), e hiki ai ke hōʻemi nui i ka mānoanoa o ka paia - a hiki i ka 25% lahilahi ma mua o X52 no ka helu kaomi like - e hōʻemi ana i ke kumukūʻai mea a me ka manawa wili kahua. Hoʻokomo pū ka hana LSAW iā JCOE, UOE, a me nā ʻano wili pā i ʻōwili ʻia, e hāʻawi ana i kahi humuhumu pololei me ka pono wili maikaʻi loa. No nā anawaena nui loa a i ʻole nā mānoanoa o ka paia kaumaha (a hiki i ka 50.8mm no JCOE/UOE, a hiki i ka 70mm no ka pā i ʻōwili ʻia), hoʻohana ʻo Womic i ka hui pū ʻana o ka ʻōwili pā a me ka wili arc submerged multi-pass. ʻO ke anawaena o waho mai 219mm a i 1,600mm (8″ - 63″), ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka paia mai 6.0mm a i 70mm (ma muli o ke kaʻina hana), ʻo ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka 24m. Loaʻa ka palapala hōʻoia no ka wili, ka hoʻāʻo hydro, ka hoʻāʻo ultrasonic a i ʻole phased array 100%, nā wēlau beveled, a me ka uhi anti-corrosion (3LPE, FBE, 3LPP). Kūpono no nā laina kumu kinoea kiʻekiʻe-kaomi (a hiki i ka 15 MPa), nā paipu kai hohonu ma waho (a hiki i ka hohonu wai 3,000m), ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa (PSL2 me HIC/SSC), a me nā noi arctic me ka hoʻāʻo hopena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hiki i -46°C.

Ka nui o ka paipu kila LSAW:Anawaena o waho: 219mm – 1,600mm (8″ – 63″), Mānoanoa o ka paia: 6.0mm – 70.0mm (JCOE/UOE max 50.8mm, papa ʻōwili max 70mm), Loa: 6m – 18m maʻamau, lōʻihi maʻamau a hiki i ka 24m

Kūlana & Papa o ka Paipu Kila LSAW:API 5L X65 PSL1 / PSL2 (i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo L450 no ISO 3183); loaʻa pū kekahi i ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa (i hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻo HIC/SSC); like me DNV-OS-F101 L450

Ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka LSAW Steel Pipe:Nā laina kumu kinoea kūlohelohe kiʻekiʻe-kaomi (10-15 MPa), nā paipu hoʻokuʻu aku kinoea kai hohonu, nā paipu ʻaila lawelawe ʻawaʻawa a me ke kinoea (kaiapuni H₂S), nā laina kahe a me nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe ma lalo o ka moana, nā paipu kinoea ʻākea (paʻakikī haʻahaʻa), nā paipu CO₂ no ka hopu a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kalapona (CCS), nā laina hoʻokomo wai kiʻekiʻe-kaomi, nā paila kūkulu no nā kahua kai.

Hāʻawi ʻo Womic Steel i nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a hoʻokūkū hoʻi o ka paipu kila API 5L X65 LSAW, paipu wili ʻia i loko o ke arc i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke kaula pololei, paipu laina UOE, paipu kalapona paia kaumaha, paipu laina kumu kinoea JCOE, paipu lawelawe ʻawaʻawa. Loaʻa ka palapala wili EN 10204 3.1/3.2, hoʻāʻo hydro, UT/PAUT, ʻaoʻao beveled, uhi 3PE/FBE/3LPP. Hoʻolako pololei ka hale hana no ka paipu EPC a me nā papahana ma waho o ka honua.

E leka uila mai iā mākou Nā kikoʻī huahana

Nā kikoʻī huahana

Nā Lepili Huahana

1. Womic Steel: Nā Mana Hana a me ka Ikaika o ka ʻOihana

Hoʻokele ʻo Womic Steel Group i nā laina hana LSAW he nui e uhi ana i ʻekolu mau ʻano hana mua a me nā hiki pā kaumaha kūikawā. Pono ka hana ʻana o X65 i ka hana hoʻomalu thermomechanical holomua (TMCP) o nā papa a me ka kaohi pololei o ka hoʻokomo wela i ka wā o ka wili ʻana.

● Laina JCOE:No nā anawaena 406mm - 1,422mm (16″–56″), ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka paia a hiki i 50.8mm. Hoʻokumu ʻana o JCO i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mīkini. Kūpono no ka hapa nui o nā noi laina kumu X65 ma uka.

●Laina UOE:No nā anawaena 508mm - 1,220mm (20″–48″), ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka paia a hiki i ka 40mm. Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo U a laila hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo O me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hydraulic. ʻO ka pololei o ke ana ʻana maikaʻi loa (± 0.2% OD), makemake ʻia no nā paipu kai hohonu, nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe, a me ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa.

●Papa ʻōwili (Hui Hoʻokahi):No nā anawaena 600mm - 1,600mm (24″–63″), ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka paia mai 25mm a hiki i 70mm. Hoʻokahi papa i ʻōwili ʻia i loko o kahi cylinder. Kūpono no nā paipu paia kaumaha X65 e koi ana i ke kūpaʻa hiolo kiʻekiʻe.

●Papa ʻōwili (Hui pālua):No ka mānoanoa o ka paia > 50.8mm a hiki i 80mm, e hoʻohana ana i ʻelua mau papa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke ʻano lōʻihi. Hoʻohana ʻia no nā paipu CO₂ kaomi kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka hoʻokomo wai.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka mana LSAW ma mua o 300,000 tons i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka hana X65 i hoʻolaʻa ʻia ma mua o 70,000 tons i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Loaʻa iā Womic Steel ka API 5L Monogram, ISO 9001, CE PED, a ua nānā mau ʻia e ABS, DNV, TÜV, a me BV. He moʻolelo kaulana honua ma 80+ mau ʻāina me ka ʻoi aku o 1,200 km o nā pipeline X65 i hoʻolako ʻia.

Ka Hoʻololi Hana:

●JCOE: 406–1,422mm OD × 6.0–50.8mm WT × ≤ 18m

●UOE: 508–1,220mm OD × 6.0–40.0mm WT × ≤ 24m (hoʻonui mīkini, poepoe ±0.2%)

●Papa ʻōwili (humuhumu hoʻokahi): 600–1,600mm OD × 25–70mm WT × ≤ 12m

●Papa ʻōwili (humuhumu pālua): 1,000–2,000mm OD × 25–80mm WT × ≤ 12m

Hiki ke hoʻolako ʻia nā paipu X65 āpau me ka PWHT (post-weld heat treatment) no ka paia mānoanoa a i ʻole ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa. Loaʻa ka hoʻāʻo hopena haʻahaʻa wela a hiki i -46°C a me -60°C.

2. API 5L X65: Nā ʻano o ka hoʻohuihui ʻana o nā mea a me ka hana

ʻO API 5L X65 (L450) kahi papa paipu laina ikaika kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hoʻoili kinoea kiʻekiʻe mamao a me nā paipu kai hohonu. ʻO ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi he 450 MPa (65,300 psi) a me ka ikaika tensile o 535 MPa (77,600 psi). Hana ʻia ʻo X65 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōwili i kāohi ʻia (TMCP) me ka microalloying (Nb, V, Ti, pinepine me Mo no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa) e hoʻokō i ka ferrite acicular maikaʻi a i ʻole ka microstructure bainitic.

ʻAno Kemika (Loiloi Ladle, max % ma ke kaumaha):

ʻElemene	API 5L X65 PSL1 (max%)	API 5L X65 PSL2 (max%)	Lawelawe ʻawaʻawa (pahuhopu maʻamau)
C	0.22 (maʻamau 0.08-0.10)	0.12	≤ 0.08
Mn	1.60	1.60	≤ 1.50
P	0.025	0.025	≤ 0.015
S	0.015	0.015	≤ 0.003
Si	0.45	0.45	0.15-0.40
V	0.10	0.10	≤ 0.08
Nb	0.05	0.05	0.03-0.05
Ti	0.04	0.04	≤ 0.025
Mo	ʻAʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia	ʻAʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia	≤ 0.30 (no ka ʻawaʻawa)
CEV	ʻAʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia	≤ 0.43	≤ 0.40 (maʻamau ≤ 0.38)

No ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa, mālama ʻo Womic i ka CEV ≤ 0.40% a hoʻohana i nā papa haʻahaʻa kalapona, haʻahaʻa manganese, haʻahaʻa sulfur me ka mālama calcium no ka kaohi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokomo ʻana.

Nā Waiwai Mekanika (Mahana o ka Lumi):

Waiwai	API 5L X65 PSL1	API 5L X65 PSL2
Ikaika Hāʻawi (min)	450 MPa (65,300 psi)	450–600 MPa
Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa (min)	535 MPa (77,600 psi)	535–760 MPa
Hoʻolōʻihi (min)	19% (no ke anawaena 50mm)	19%
Laki Hua (max)	ʻAʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia	0.93
Paʻakikī (max)	ʻAʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia	90 HRB (ʻawaʻawa: 85 HRB maʻamau)
Paʻakikī hopena (min)	ʻAʻole koi ʻia	27 J @ 0°C (koho -20°C, -40°C, -46°C)

Hoʻohālikelike me X60 a me X70:

Papa	MPa hua	MPa huki	Lākiō Hua	Hoʻohana Maʻamau
X60	415	520	≤ 0.93	Kinoea kaomi kiʻekiʻe, ma uka
X65	450	535	≤ 0.93	Kaomi kiʻekiʻe loa, wai hohonu
X70	485	570	≤ 0.93	Kaomi kiʻekiʻe loa, mamao loa

3. Ka laulā Ana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana

Mea	Nā kikoʻī
Kūlana Maʻamau	API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 (a me ISO 3183 L450, DNV-OS-F101 L450)
Nā Kaʻina Hana Hana	JCOE, UOE, pā i ʻōwili ʻia (humuhumu hoʻokahi/pālua)
Ka laulā o ke anawaena o waho	219mm – 1,600mm (8″ – 63″)
Pae Mānoanoa o ka Paia	JCOE/UOE: 6.0mm – 50.8mm; Papa ʻōwili: 25mm – 70mm (a hiki i ka 80mm ma ke ʻano maʻamau)
Ka laulā lōʻihi	Kūlana: 6m, 12m, 18m; Hoʻolōʻihi ʻia: a hiki i 24m (JCOE/UOE) a i ʻole 12m (papa ʻōwili)
Hoʻopau i ka hoʻopau ʻana	Pau Maʻemaʻe (PE), Pau Beveled (BE) no kēlā me kēia API 5L (30° bevel, 1.6mm maka aʻa)
Hoʻopau ʻili	ʻŌlohelohe, ʻaila ʻia, 3LPE, 3LPP, FBE, Coal Tar Epoxy, Liquid Epoxy
Nā hoʻomanawanui	OD: ±0.5% a i ʻole ±3.2mm (ʻo ka mea emi iho); WT: -0% / +15%; Lōʻihi: +50mm / -0mm

4. Nā Ana a me nā Kikoʻī i Loaʻa - Paipu Kila API 5L X65 LSAW (Nā Nui Maʻamau i Koho ʻia)

OD (mm)	Nā Koho WT (mm)	Kaʻina Hana	Kaumaha Kokoke (kg/m)	Lōʻihi Maʻamau	Hoʻohana Maʻamau
273	6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5	JCOE	42.1 – 80.1	12m	Nā laina ʻaoʻao kinoea
324	8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0	JCOE	62.4 – 107.1	12m / 18m	ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili kinoea
406	8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0	JCOE/UOE	78.5 – 181.4	12m / 18m	Nā laina kumu
508	10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0	UOE	122.8 – 263.8	12m / 18m / 24m	Kinoea kaomi kiʻekiʻe
610	12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 28.0	UOE	184.2 – 401.8	12m / 18m / 24m	Nā laina kumu kinoea nui
711	14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 28.0, 30.0	JCOE/UOE	240.7 – 503.8	12m / 18m	Kinoea ma waena o ka ʻāina
813	16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 32.0, 35.0	JCOE	314.4 – 671.4	12m / 18m	Hoʻokuʻu aku ma waho o ka ʻāina
914	19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 38.0, 40.0	JCOE	419.5 – 862.0	12m / 18m	Kinoea wai hohonu
1,016	22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0	JCOE/ʻōwili ʻia	539.2 – 1,191.7	12m	Kai hohonu loa
1,220	25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0	ʻŌwili ʻia (hoʻokahi)	748.4 – 1,577.8	12m	Nā paipu ʻĀketika
1,422	30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0, 60.0	ʻŌwili ʻia (hoʻokahi)	1,030 – 2,016	12m	CO₂ kaomi kiʻekiʻe
1,600	35.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0	ʻŌwili ʻia (pālua)	1,350 - 2,640	10m / 12m	Papahana kūikawā

*Pono nā paipu X65 pā kaumaha (≥ 25mm no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa, ≥ 32mm no ka ʻawaʻawa ʻole) i ka PWHT. Pono ka X65 no ka wai hohonu i ka hopena Charpy ma -20°C a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻāʻo CTOD.*

5. Nā Kūlana Maʻamau a me nā Papa - Paipu Laina LSAW a me ka Paipu Kūkulu

Kūlana Maʻamau	Nā Papa kila	Hoʻohana Maʻamau	Kaʻina Hana
API 5L PSL1/PSL2	X65, X70	Hoʻoili ʻaila/kinoea	JCOE/UOE/ʻōwili ʻia
API 5L PSL2 (ʻawaʻawa)	X65, X70	Lawelawe ʻawaʻawa (H₂S)	UOE + PWHT
ISO 3183	L450, L485	Nā papahana honua	JCOE/UOE
DNV-OS-F101	L450, L485	Nā paipu wai ma lalo o ka moana	UOE
EN 10217-1	S355JR	Nā paipu kaomi	JCOE
NORSOK M-120	X65	Kahua ma waho o ke kai	UOE
ASTM A671	CC65, CC70	Haʻahaʻa ka mahana	ʻōwili ʻia

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo hoʻohana:Nā paipu hoʻokuʻu aku kinoea kai hohonu, nā laina kumu kinoea kaomi kiʻekiʻe, nā paipu lawelawe ʻawaʻawa, nā paipu CO₂ no CCS, nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe ma lalo o ka moana, ka hoʻoili kinoea ʻākea.

6. Nā Kaʻina Hana Hana - LSAW (JCOE / UOE / Rolled Plate) no ka Paipu Kila X65

Pono ʻo X65 i nā papa TMCP (thermomechanical controlled processing) a me ka kaohi hoʻokomo wela koʻikoʻi i ka wā o ka wili SAW e mālama i ka paʻakikī HAZ.

Kaʻina Hana JCOE (406–1,422mm OD, 6.0–50.8mm WT):

● Wili ʻana o ka lihi o ka pā (X a i ʻole J bevel) me ka pololei ±0.5mm

● Ke kūlou mua ʻana o nā lihi

● Hoʻokumu ʻana o JCO ma ke ʻano he kaʻina

● Kuʻi ʻana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa (nā mea hoʻopaʻa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia)

● ʻIwi ʻoki kūloko (hoʻokomo wela ≤ 2.5 kJ/mm no X65)

● Ke ʻoki ʻana i ke kua

● ʻO ka SAW waho (multi-pass, interpass temperature ≤ 200°C)

● Hoʻonui mīkini (1-1.5% OD)

● Kūpono no ka hapa nui o nā laina kumu X65 ma uka

Kaʻina Hana UOE (508–1,220mm OD, 6.0–40mm WT):

● U-paʻi (2000-4000t)

● O-paʻi (3000-6000t)

● Hoʻonui mīkini (48-72 ʻāpana)

● Kuʻihao me ka mana hoʻokomo wela

● Makemake ʻia no nā paipu kai hohonu ma waho (±0.2% poepoe, haʻahaʻa ke koʻikoʻi koena)

Papa ʻōwili (Hui Hoʻokahi) no ka Pā Kaumaha (600–1,600mm OD, 25–70mm WT):

● Ke kulou ʻana o 4-ʻōwili i loko o ka paukūʻolokaʻa

● ʻO ka ʻIMI Multi-pass (aʻa, hoʻopiha, pāpale)

● Pono ka PWHT no ka mānoanoa o ka paia ≥ 25mm no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa

● Hoʻohana ʻia no ka CO₂ kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻokomo wai

Lapaʻau Wela Ma hope o ka Wela (PWHT):No ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65, hoʻopili ʻia ka PWHT no nā mānoanoa pā āpau ≥ 25mm (a i ʻole e like me ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia). Mahana hoʻomoʻa 580-620°C, paʻa no 1 hola no 25mm. Ka helu hoʻomaʻalili ≤ 200°C i kēlā me kēia hola. Paʻakikī ma hope o PWHT: metala kumu 78-85 HRB, wili ʻia 82-88 HRB.

Ka Hiki Haʻahaʻa-Mahana & CTOD:No nā noi ma waho a me ka arctic, hāʻawi ʻo Womic iā X65 me ka hopena Charpy ma -46°C (min 27J, maʻamau 100-150J) a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) e like me BS 7448 a i ʻole ASTM E1820. ʻO ka waiwai CTOD maʻamau: ≥ 0.25mm ma -20°C no ka metala weld a me HAZ.

7. Nā Kaʻina Hana Hoʻomalu a me ka Hoʻāʻo ʻana no ka Paipu Kila API 5L X65 LSAW

Kahua	ʻAno Nānā	Kumu	Kaʻina Hana Pili
Pā	Ka Loiloi Kemika (OES)	E hōʻoia i ka haku mele ʻana o X65	A pau
Pā	Ultrasonic (lamination)	E ʻike i nā hemahema o loko	A pau
Pā	Uʻi (L+T)	Nā waiwai mīkini	A pau
Pā	Ka nui o ka palaoa (ASTM E112)	ʻAno palaoa maikaʻi (ASTM 10+)	X65 PSL2
I ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana	Ana (OD, ovality)	E hōʻoia i ka like ʻana	A pau
Humuhumu Weld	100% UT Hana ʻakomi (TOFD)	ʻIke i nā hemahema o ka wili ʻana	A pau
Humuhumu Weld	RT (kiko/piha)	Ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana	A pau
Humuhumu Weld	MPI (nā manamana wāwae/HAZ)	Nā māwae ʻili	A pau
Humuhumu Weld	Ka hele ʻana o ka paʻakikī (weld, HAZ, BM)	lawelawe ʻawaʻawa	ʻAwaʻawa PSL2
Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia	Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic	Ka kūpaʻa o ke kaomi	A pau
Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia	ʻO Charpy V-Notch (PSL2)	Paʻakikī haʻahaʻa	ʻO PSL2 wale nō
Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia	Paʻakikī (HRB/HV10)	Ka hoʻokō ʻawaʻawa	ʻAwaʻawa PSL2
Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia	Piʻo Alakaʻi / Hoʻopālahalaha	Ka maʻalahi	A pau
Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia	DWTT (koho)	Ka laha ʻana o ka haki	ʻĀketika
Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia	CTOD (koho)	Paʻakikī o ka haki	Kai/kai hohonu

Koho no ka lawelawe koʻikoʻi:

● HIC no NACE TM0284 (Hoʻonā A a i ʻole B, 96h)

● SSC no NACE TM0177 (Method A, 720h)

● Ka hopena haʻahaʻa o ka mahana ma -46°C, -60°C

● DWTT ma -20°C a i ʻole haʻahaʻa (≥ 85% ʻāpana shear)

● CTOD ma -20°C a i ʻole -46°C (≥ 0.25mm)

● UT kino piha (ʻaʻole wale ka humuhumu)

Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka palaho (CO₂, brine)

8. Nā Noi Kumu - Paipu Kila API 5L X65 LSAW

Nā paipu hoʻokuʻu aku kinoea kai hohonu– Ka hohonu o ka wai a hiki i ka 3,000m, ke kū'ē ki'eki'e o ke kaomi o waho (ka'ina hana UOE me ka poepoe pa'a)

Nā laina kumu kinoea kūlohelohe kiʻekiʻe– Nā kaomi hana a hiki i ka 15 MPa (2,200 psi), ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka mānoanoa o ka paia vs nā papa haʻahaʻa

Nā paipu ʻaila a me ke kinoea lawelawe ʻawaʻawa– Nā wahi i loaʻa iā H₂S (PSL2 me HIC/SSC, PWHT, paʻakikī ≤ 85 HRB)

Nā paipu CO₂ no ka hopu a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kalapona (CCS)– Ka halihali CO₂ kiʻekiʻe-kaomi, koi i ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa

Nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe a me nā laina kahe i lalo o ka moana- Nā noi ikaika e koi ana i ka CTOD a me ka hoʻāʻo luhi

Nā paipu kinoea Arctic a me permafrost- Ka hopena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hiki i -46 ° C, DWTT no ka kaohi haki

Nā laina hoʻokomo wai kiʻekiʻe- Hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻōla ʻaila, kaomi a hiki i ka 35 MPa

Nā puka hoʻonui paipu– Nā noi kiʻekiʻe e koi ana i ka hoʻolālā e pili ana i ke kaumaha (X65 me ka lakio hua i kuhikuhi ʻia)

9. Hoʻopili a me ka hoʻouna ʻana - API 5L X65 LSAW Steel Pipe

E like me nā huahana ma mua me ka mālama hou aku no ka pale ʻana i ka uhi ʻana ma nā paipu X65 waiwai nui. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā paipu me nā ʻeke lāʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, nā pāpale hope, a me nā ʻeke mahu pale ʻino no nā huakaʻi kai lōʻihi. No nā papahana kai hohonu, hāʻawi ʻia ka nānā kūikawā i ka pale bevel.

10. Nā Pōmaikaʻi o Womic Steel & FAQ - API 5L X65 LSAW Steel Pipe

No ke aha ʻo Womic Steel no X65 LSAW?

● Hāʻawi ke kaʻina hana UOE i ka ±0.2% OD poepoe - koʻikoʻi no ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka hiolo ʻana o ka wai hohonu

● Ua hōʻoia ʻia ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa me ka hiki ke HIC/SSC a me PWHT

● Ka hopena haʻahaʻa o ka mahana a hiki i -60°C a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o CTOD no nā mīkini haki

● ʻAe ʻia ʻo API 5L Monogram + DNV no ke kahakai

● Ma luna o 1,200 km o nā paipu X65 i hoʻolako ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa

● Nānā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu e DNV, ABS, BV, SGS, TÜV

Nā Nīnau i Nīnau Pinepine ʻia:

Q: He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o X65 a me X60 no nā paipu kai?
A: Hāʻawi ʻo X65 i ka ikaika hua 8% kiʻekiʻe aʻe (450 vs 415 MPa), e ʻae ana i nā paia lahilahi iki. No ka wai hohonu (≥ 1,000m), makemake pinepine ʻia ʻo X65 no kona kūpaʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hiolo ʻana a me ka hana luhi. Eia nō naʻe, koi ʻo X65 i nā kaʻina hana kuʻi ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi i ka haki ʻana o ka hydrogen. No nā hohonu wai < 500m, ʻoi aku ka hoʻokele waiwai o X60.

Q: Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolako iā X65 me ka hoʻāʻo CTOD no nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe ma waho?
A: ʻAe. Hana mākou i ka hoʻāʻo CTOD e like me BS 7448 a i ʻole ASTM E1820 ma nā mahana i kuhikuhi ʻia (maʻamau -20°C a i ʻole -46°C). Nā waiwai CTOD liʻiliʻi loa: 0.25mm no ka metala weld, 0.30mm no HAZ. Ua hoʻolako mākou iā CTOD-i hoʻāʻo ʻia X65 i北海a me nā papahana ma waho o ke kai o Asia Hikina Hema.

Q: He aha ka mānoanoa o ka paia no ka paipu X65 LSAW?
A: JCOE/UOE max 50.8mm, humuhumu hoʻokahi papa ʻōwili a hiki i 70mm, humuhumu pālua papa ʻōwili a hiki i 80mm. No ka mānoanoa o ka paia > 50.8mm, pono ka PWHT. Ua hoʻolako koke mākou i ka X65 1,016mm OD × 60mm WT no ka paipu CO₂ kiʻekiʻe.

Q: Pehea ʻoe e hōʻoia ai i ka paʻakikī HAZ no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kahua X65?
A: Hoʻokele mākou i ka kemika pā (CEV haʻahaʻa, ≤ 0.40%), ka hoʻokomo wela i ka wā o SAW (≤ 2.5 kJ/mm), a me ka mahana interpass (≤ 200°C). Hāʻawi mākou i nā ʻōlelo paipai no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ke kaʻina hana kuʻihao (WPQ) i nā mea kūʻai aku a hiki ke hāʻawi i nā laʻana hoʻopau kuʻihao. ʻO ka hopena maʻamau o HAZ Charpy ma -20°C: 120-200J.

Q: He kūpono anei ʻo X65 no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa (H₂S)?
ʻAe, akā koi ʻia ʻo PSL2 me ka CEV haʻahaʻa (≤ 0.40%), PWHT no nā mānoanoa pā āpau ≥ 20mm, paʻakikī ≤ 85 HRB, a me ka hoʻāʻo HIC/SSC. Ua hoʻolako ʻo Womic i ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65 i ka Hikina Waena (30 ppm H₂S) a me Kanada (kinoea ʻawaʻawa).

Q: He aha ka manawa alakaʻi maʻamau no ka paipu X65 LSAW?
A: Maʻamau X65 PSL1: 40-55 lā. X65 PSL2 me ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa a me PWHT: 60-80 lā. Hiki ke kauoha wikiwiki (30-45 lā) no nā nui < 2,000 tons inā loaʻa nā pā i ka waihona.

Kuhikuhi Papahana - Paipu Hoʻokuʻu Kinoea Kai Hohonu o ke Kai ʻĀkau

ʻĀina:Norewai (Kai ʻĀkau, ʻāpana kahua ʻo Balder)
Kūlana & Papa:ʻO API 5L X65 PSL2 me ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa a me nā koi CTOD
Nā Ana a me ka Nui:

● OD 610mm (24″) × WT 22.2mm – 28,000 mika (ma kahi o 9,200 tons) i hana ʻia e ke kaʻina hana UOE

● OD 610mm (24″) × WT 25.4mm – 6,000 mika (ma kahi o 2,300 tons) i hana ʻia e ke kaʻina hana UOE (pā mānoanoa no ka ʻāpana riser)

● OD 813mm (32″) × WT 30.0mm – 4,000 mika (ma kahi o 2,500 tons) i hana ʻia e ka ʻōwili ʻana o ka papa hoʻokahi (no ke ala ʻana ma kahakai)
Huina:38,000 mika (38 km), ma kahi o 14,000 tone

Nā kikoʻī:ʻO ka uhi waho 3LPP (mānoanoa holoʻokoʻa 3.5mm) no ka lawelawe wela kiʻekiʻe (110°C), nā wēlau beveled 30° / 1.6mm ke alo aʻa me nā pale bevel kila kila, hydrotest ma 22.5 MPa (kaomi hoʻolālā 17.0 MPa). Ka hopena Charpy i koi ʻia ma -20°C (min 50J, i hoʻokō ʻia he 120-200J) a ma -46°C (min 27J, i hoʻokō ʻia he 80-150J). Hoʻāʻo CTOD e like me BS 7448 ma -20°C - ʻae ʻia: metala weld ≥ 0.25mm, HAZ ≥ 0.30mm. HIC no NACE TM0284 (Solution A, 96h) - ʻae ʻia: CLR 0%, CTR 0%, CSR 0%. SSC no NACE TM0177 - ʻaʻohe haki. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo PWHT no nā paipu āpau ma muli o ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa. 100% UT me TOFD a me ka UT kino piha (ʻaʻole wale ka humuhumu). Nānā ʻia e DNV ʻaoʻao ʻekolu ma o ka hana ʻana.

Noi:Paipu hoʻokuʻu aku kinoea wai hohonu mai ke kahua ʻo Balder (hohonu wai 800-1,200m) i kahi kikowaena hoʻokipa ma uka ma Norewai. Loaʻa i ka paipu 38 km kahi ʻāpana riser dynamic (2 km, 25.4mm WT) a me kahi ala e hele ai ma kahakai ma o ka ʻāina pōhaku (4 km, 30mm WT ʻōwili ʻia).

Nā Pilikia ʻenehana a me nā Hoʻonā:

● Ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka hiolo ʻana o ka wai hohonu– ʻO ka hohonu o ka wai a hiki i ka 1,200m e kau ana i ke kaomi o waho o 12.5 MPa. ʻO ka paipu UOE 24″ × 22.2mm e pono ai e hoʻokō i ke kaomi hiolo ≥ 25 MPa (kumu palekana 2). Ua hana ʻo Womic i nā paipu UOE me ka ovality ≤ 0.2% (i ana ʻia ma 0.15-0.18%) a me ke koʻikoʻi koena ≤ 35% SMYS. Ua hana mākou i ka loiloi finite element (FEA) ma nā palena hana a ua hōʻoia ʻia me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kaomi hiolo ma ʻelua mau laʻana piha (ua loaʻa iā 28.5 MPa a me 29.2 MPa).

● Lawelawe ʻawaʻawa me ka H₂S kiʻekiʻe– Aia i loko o ke kinoea he 50 ppm H₂S ma ka mahana hana 90°C. Ua koho ʻia e Womic nā papa haʻahaʻa kalapona (C ≤ 0.07%), haʻahaʻa manganese (Mn ≤ 1.40%), haʻahaʻa sulfur (S ≤ 0.002%) me ka mālama ʻana i ka calcium. Ua mālama ʻia ʻo CEV ma 0.35-0.38%. Ua hoʻopili ʻia ʻo PWHT no nā paipu āpau (e hoʻomoʻa ana i 600°C ± 10°C, paʻa no 1.5 hola). Paʻakikī ma hope o PWHT: metala kumu 78-84 HRB, weld 82-86 HRB, HAZ 80-84 HRB. Ua hala nā hoʻāʻo HIC a me SSC me ka ʻole o nā māwae.

● ʻO ka paʻakikī haki CTOD no ka mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe– Pono ka ʻāpana riser dynamic i ka paʻakikī haki kiʻekiʻe e kū i ka ukana nalu. Ua hana ʻo Womic i ka hoʻāʻo CTOD ma ka metala weld a me HAZ ma -20°C. Nā hopena: metala weld 0.35-0.55mm (≥ 0.25mm e pono ai), HAZ 0.40-0.70mm (≥ 0.30mm e pono ai). Ua hana pū mākou i ka Charpy haʻahaʻa wela ma -46°C (awelika 110J). Ua ʻike ʻo DNV i nā hoʻāʻo CTOD āpau.

● Uhi wela kiʻekiʻe (3LPP)– Mahana hana 90°C, me ka piko 110°C i ka wā pani. Ua kaupalena ʻia ka 3LPE maʻamau (polyethylene) i 80°C. Ua hoʻopili ʻo Womic i ka uhi 3LPP (polypropylene) me ka mānoanoa 3.5mm (papa luna 2.5mm + mea hoʻopili 0.5mm + FBE 0.5mm). Ua hala ka uhi ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo disbondment cathodic ma 110°C (radius disbondment ≤ 8mm ma hope o 28 mau lā). ʻO ka ikaika peel ma 110°C i ana ʻia ma 60 N/cm (ka palena iki he 50 N/cm).

● Nā hoʻomanawanui nui loa no ke kau ʻana o ka reel-lay– Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka pipeline me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano reel-lay (paipu i hoʻopili ʻia ma luna o kahi ipu reel). Pono kēia i ka kaohi ovality koʻikoʻi (≤ 0.2%) a me ke kiʻekiʻe hoʻoikaika weld ≤ 0.5mm. Ua hoʻokō ke kaʻina hana UOE a Womic i ka ovality 0.15-0.18%. Ua wili mākou i nā pāpale weld i ≤ 0.3mm ke kiʻekiʻe. Ua hala nā paipu āpau i kahi hoʻāʻo "reelability" kūikawā: 10 mau pōʻaiapuni spooling piha me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana.

● Logistics i Norewai– Ua hoʻouna ʻia nā paipu mai Shanghai a i Stavanger, Norewai ma o ka moku haki nui (ka mea lawe paipu kūikawā). Pono ka ʻōpala anti-condensation i ke kaʻa ʻana i ke Kai ʻĀkau o ka Hoʻoilo. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Womic i nā ʻeke VCI (vapor corrosion inhibitor) a me nā desiccants silica gel i loko o nā poʻi hope. Ua hōʻea mai nā tone he 14,000 a pau me ka ʻole o ka pala a i ʻole ka hōʻino ʻana o ka uhi.

Hopena:Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka paipu hoʻokuʻu aku i ke kinoea Balder ma Q3 2024. ʻO ke kau ʻana o ka reel-lay (i hana ʻia e kahi ʻoihana hana ma waho o ke kai) ua hōʻike ʻole i ka hemahema o ke kino paipu a i ʻole ka weld seam i ka wā o ka spooling a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana. Ua hala nā km 38 a pau i ka hoʻāʻo kaomi ma ka papa kai. Ua hoʻopuka ka mea kūʻai aku (he mea hana nui Norewai) i kahi "Supplier Performance Award" iā Womic Steel, me ka ʻike ʻana i ka "kūlike dimensional kūikawā a me nā hopena CTOD." ʻO Womic i kēia manawa he mea hoʻolako i ʻae ʻia no ʻelua mau papahana hoʻopaʻa hou o North Sea.

Hoʻokaʻaʻike:
Pūnaewele: www.womicsteel.com
Leka uila: sales@womicsteel.com

Kelepona / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Lanakila: +86 15575100681
ʻO Jack: +86 18390957568

ʻO Womic Steel - ʻO kāu hoa hilinaʻi no nā paipu API 5L X65 LSAW no nā paipu kai hohonu, nā laina kumu kinoea kiʻekiʻe, ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa, a me nā noi arctic ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

Ma mua: Paipu kila API 5L X60 (L415) LSAW: Nā hiki ke hana a me nā kikoʻī huahana

Aʻe: ʻO ka API 5L X65 PSL2 Sour Service LSAW Steel Pipe: Nā hiki ke hana a me nā kikoʻī huahana