ʻO ka API 5L X65 PSL2 Sour Service LSAW Steel Pipe: Nā Mana Hana a me nā Kikoʻī Huahana Kiʻi i Hōʻike ʻia

ʻO ka API 5L X65 PSL2 Sour Service LSAW Steel Pipe: Nā hiki ke hana a me nā kikoʻī huahana

Wehewehe Pōkole:

Hāʻawi ʻo Womic Steel i ka paipu kila LSAW lawelawe ʻawaʻawa API 5L X65 PSL2 kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe (ʻawaʻawa) i loaʻa ka H₂S. Hāʻawi ʻo X65 PSL2 me ka palapala hōʻoia lawelawe ʻawaʻawa i ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi o 450 MPa (65,300 psi) i hui pū ʻia me nā palena paʻakikī koʻikoʻi (≤ 85 HRB maʻamau), like ke kalapona haʻahaʻa (CEV ≤ 0.40%), a me ke kūpaʻa i hōʻoia ʻia i ka haki ʻana o ka hydrogen (HIC) a me ka haki ʻana o ka sulfide stress (SSC). Hoʻokomo pū ka hana LSAW iā JCOE, UOE, a me nā ʻano hana kuʻi ʻana i ka papa ʻōwili, me ka mālama wela ma hope o ka weld (PWHT) no nā paipu lawelawe ʻawaʻawa āpau me ka nānā ʻole i ka mānoanoa o ka paia. ʻO ke anawaena o waho mai 219mm a i 1,600mm (8″ - 63″), ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka paia mai 6.0mm a i 60mm, ka lōʻihi a hiki i 24m. Palapala hōʻoia no ka wili me EN 10204 3.2, hoʻāʻo ultrasonic 100% me TOFD, hoʻāʻo hydro, nā wēlau beveled, a me ka pūʻolo palapala lawelawe ʻawaʻawa piha (HIC, SSC, nā traverses paʻakikī). Kūpono no nā paipu kinoea ʻawaʻawa kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻoili ʻaila ʻawaʻawa a me ke kinoea ma waho, nā laina wai ʻawaʻawa hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me ka hoʻokomo kinoea waikawa.

Ka nui o ka paipu kila LSAW:Anawaena o waho: 219mm – 1,600mm (8″ – 63″), Mānoanoa o ka paia: 6.0mm – 60.0mm (JCOE/UOE max 50.8mm, papa ʻōwili max 60mm), Loa: 6m – 18m maʻamau, lōʻihi maʻamau a hiki i ka 24m

Kūlana & Papa o ka Paipu Kila LSAW:ʻO API 5L X65 PSL2 me nā koi lawelawe ʻawaʻawa hou aʻe no NACE MR0175/ISO 15156; HIC no NACE TM0284; SSC no NACE TM0177; hoʻokō pū i ka hoʻohui lawelawe ʻawaʻawa DNV-OS-F101

Ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka LSAW Steel Pipe:Nā paipu kumu kinoea kūlohelohe ʻawaʻawa kiʻekiʻe (a hiki i ka 15 MPa), nā paipu ʻaila ʻawaʻawa kai hohonu, nā paipu wai ʻawaʻawa a me nā paipu mālama amine no ka hale hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā lua hoʻokomo kinoea waikawa, nā paipu hāpai kinoea ma nā kahua ʻawaʻawa, nā paipu lawelawe hui CO₂-H₂S, nā paipu ʻāpana hoʻōla sulfur

Hāʻawi ʻo Womic Steel i nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a hoʻokūkū hoʻi o ka paipu kila LSAW API 5L X65 PSL2, paipu laina i hoʻāʻo ʻia e HIC, paipu kūpaʻa SSC, paipu ikaika kiʻekiʻe e kūlike me NACE. Palapala hōʻoia wili EN 10204 3.2, hoʻāʻo hydro, UT/TOFD, PWHT, ʻaoʻao beveled, uhi 3LPE/FBE. Loaʻa ka lako pololei o ka hale hana no nā papahana aila a me ke kinoea ʻawaʻawa ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

E leka uila mai iā mākou Nā kikoʻī huahana

Nā kikoʻī huahana

Nā Lepili Huahana

1. Womic Steel: Nā Hiki Hana a me ka Ikaika o ka ʻOihana no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65

Hoʻokele ʻo Womic Steel Group i nā laina hana i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no nā paipu LSAW lawelawe ʻawaʻawa ikaika kiʻekiʻe. ʻOi aku ka koi o ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65 ma mua o X52 ma muli o ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me nā koi paʻakikī. ʻO nā mana koʻikoʻi:

● Haʻahaʻa ke kalapona like (CEV ≤ 0.40%, maʻamau ≤ 0.38%)

● ʻO ka sulfur haʻahaʻa loa (S ≤ 0.0015%) a me ka phosphorus haʻahaʻa (P ≤ 0.015%)

● Ka mālama ʻana i ka calcium no ka kaohi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokomo ʻana (lakio Ca/S ≥ 1.5)

● Nā papa hoʻoluʻolu wikiwiki (TMCP) e hoʻokō i ka microstructure ferrite acicular

● Ka hana wela ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana (PWHT) no nā paipu āpau, me ka nānā ʻole i ka mānoanoa o ka paia

● Hoʻāʻo paʻakikī 100% (weld, HAZ, metala kumu) - pahuhopu ≤ 85 HRB

● Hoʻāʻo ʻana ʻo HIC a me SSC e like me nā kūlana NACE me ka ʻae ʻole ʻana i ka haki no nā papahana he nui

Nā kaʻina hana: JCOE, UOE (makemake ʻia ma muli o ke kaumaha koena haʻahaʻa), pā i ʻōwili ʻia, a pau me ka PWHT i koi ʻia i loko o ka umu lalo kaʻa (12m ka lōʻihi, 600°C ± 10°C). Nānā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu e SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, ABS, a i ʻole LR no ka hōʻoia lawelawe piha.

Ka mana o ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa makahiki X65 LSAW:25,000 tone.

Ka Hoʻololi Hana no ka Hana ʻAi ʻAi X65:

● JCOE: 406–1,422mm OD × 6.0–50.8mm WT × ≤ 18m

● UOE: 508–1,220mm OD × 6.0–40.0mm WT × ≤ 24m (makemake ʻia no ka ʻawaʻawa ma muli o ke kaumaha koena haʻahaʻa)

● Papa ʻōwili: 600–1,600mm OD × 25–60mm WT × ≤ 12m

● Hoʻopili ʻia ka PWHT i kēlā me kēia paipu (e hoʻomohu i 600°C ± 10°C, e paʻa no 1 hola no kēlā me kēia mānoanoa 25mm, e hoʻomaʻalili mālie ≤ 200°C/hr)

2. API 5L X65 PSL2 ʻAiʻawa: Nā ʻano o ka hoʻohuihui ʻana o nā mea a me ka hana

No ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka kemika ma mua o ka PSL2 maʻamau a ʻoi aku hoʻi ka paʻa ma mua o ka ʻawaʻawa X52. ʻO ka pahuhopu ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe (450 MPa yield) me ka mālama ʻana i ke kūpaʻa HIC a me SSC maikaʻi loa.

ʻO ka hoʻohuihui kemika (Ladle Analysis, nā pahuhopu maʻamau no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa):

ʻElemene	ʻO ka maʻamau PSL2 max	Pahuhopu Lawelawe ʻAwaʻawa X65 (Womic)
C	0.12	≤ 0.08 (maʻamau 0.05-0.07)
Mn	1.60	≤ 1.40 (maʻamau 1.20-1.35)
P	0.025	≤ 0.015
S	0.015	≤ 0.0015 (0.0010 maʻamau)
Si	0.45	0.20-0.35
V	0.10	≤ 0.06
Nb	0.05	0.04-0.07
Ti	0.04	≤ 0.025
Mo	ʻAʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia	≤ 0.30 (no ka ʻawaʻawa, pinepine 0.15-0.25)
Ni	ʻAʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia	≤ 0.50 (koho no ka mahana haʻahaʻa)
CEV	≤ 0.43	≤ 0.40 (maʻamau ≤ 0.38)
Pcm	≤ 0.25	≤ 0.22

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka calcium (Ca/S ratio ≥ 1.5) e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka sulfide globular. Hoʻomaikaʻi ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka Molybdenum i ke kū'ē ʻana i ka SSC ma nā pae ikaika kiʻekiʻe.

Nā Waiwai Mekanika (Ma hope o PWHT):

Waiwai	ʻO ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65 PSL2 (Womic)
Ikaika Hāʻawi (min)	450 MPa (65,300 psi)
Ikaika Hāʻawi (max)	570 MPa (82,700 psi)
Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa (min)	535 MPa (77,600 psi)
Hoʻolōʻihi (min)	19%
Paʻakikī (max)-nā papahana he nui	85 HRB (Ua loaʻa iā Womic he 78-85 HRB)
Paʻakikī hopena @ -20°C (koho)	≥ 27 J (maʻamau 80-150 J)
Paʻakikī hopena @ -46°C (koho)	≥ 27 J (maʻamau 60-100 J)

Hoʻāʻo Pono no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65:

● HIC no NACE TM0284 (Hoʻonā A, 96h)-ʻae ʻia: CLR ≤ 5%, CTR ≤ 1.5%, CSR ≤ 0.5% (nui nā papahana e pono ai 0%)

● SSC no NACE TM0177 (ʻAno A, 720h, 90% SMYS)-ʻaʻohe haki

● Hiki ke hele ka paʻakikī ma waena o ka weld, HAZ, a me ke metala kumu (max 85 HRB)

● Charpy V-Notch ma 0°C a i ʻole haʻahaʻa (maʻamau 27 J min)

● DWTT (no ka kaohi ʻana i ka haki, inā i kuhikuhi ʻia)

3. Ka laulā Ana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana

Mea	Nā kikoʻī
Kūlana Maʻamau	API 5L PSL2 me ka mea hoʻohui lawelawe ʻawaʻawa
NACE	NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 (paʻi hou loa)
Nā Kaʻina Hana Hana	JCOE, UOE, pā i ʻōwili ʻia (me PWHT āpau)
Ka laulā o ke anawaena o waho	219mm-1,600mm (8″)-63″)
Pae Mānoanoa o ka Paia	6.0mm-60mm (JCOE/UOE max 50.8mm, papa ʻōwili max 60mm)
Ka laulā lōʻihi	6m -18m maʻamau; a hiki i ka 24m (UOE)
Hoʻopau i ka hoʻopau ʻana	ʻO ka hopena Beveled (BE) no kēlā me kēia API 5L
Hoʻopau ʻili	ʻOle, 3LPE, 3LPP, FBE (pono nā uhi e kūpono i ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa)
Nā hoʻomanawanui	OD: ±0.5%; WT: -0% / +15%; Lōʻihi: +50mm / -0mm

4. Nā Ana a me nā Kikoʻī i Loaʻa - API 5L X65 PSL2 Sour Service LSAW Steel Pipe

OD (mm)	Nā Koho WT (mm)	Kaʻina Hana	Kaumaha Kokoke (kg/m)	Lōʻihi Maʻamau	Nā Hiʻohiʻona Lawelawe ʻAwaʻawa
219	6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5	JCOE	33.6-63.6	12m	Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻo PWHT, HIC
273	8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0	JCOE	52.3-101.5	12m / 18m	Paʻakikī ≤ 85 HRB
324	10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0	JCOE	77.4-142.8	12m / 18m	CEV ≤ 0.40, Mo i hoʻohui ʻia
406	10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0	JCOE/UOE	97.7-208.4	12m / 18m	Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻo SSC
508	12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4	UOE	152.7-302.3	12m / 18m / 24m	Ke ala paʻakikī piha
610	14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 28.0	UOE	205.8-401.8	12m / 18m / 24m	HIC CLR 0% maʻamau
711	16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 28.0, 31.8	UOE/JCOE	274.3-532.9	12m / 18m	Pono ka PWHT
813	19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 32.0, 35.0	JCOE	372.1-671.4	12m / 18m	NACE MR0175
914	22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 38.0, 40.0	JCOE/ʻōwili ʻia	484.3-862.0	12m	Haʻahaʻa S (≤ 0.0015%)
1,016	25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0	ʻōwili ʻia	619.9-1,191.7	12m	ʻO Ca i mālama ʻia, Mo a hiki i ka 0.25%
1,220	30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0	ʻōwili ʻia	880.9-1,577.8	12m	Wai ʻawaʻawa hohonu

Loaʻa i nā paipu lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65 āpau ka PWHT me ka nānā ʻole i ka mānoanoa o ka paia. Makemake ʻia ʻo UOE no nā anawaena ≤ 1,220mm ma muli o ka kaohi ʻana i ke koena koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe.

5. Nā Kūlana Maʻamau no ka Paipu Laina Hana Waikawa Kiʻekiʻe

Kūlana Maʻamau	Noi	Nā Koina Hoʻāʻo
API 5L PSL2 + Hoʻohui H	Paipu laina lawelawe ʻawaʻawa	HIC, SSC, paʻakikī ≤ 90 HRB
NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156	Nā mea hana no nā wahi H₂S	Nā palena o ka paʻakikī, kemika
NACE TM0284	Ke ʻano hoʻāʻo HIC	CLR, CTR, CSR
NACE TM0177	Ke ʻano hoʻāʻo SSC (ʻAno A, B, C, D)	ʻAʻohe haki
DNV-OS-F101 (mea hoʻohui ʻawaʻawa)	Nā paipu ʻawaʻawa ma waho o ke kai	ʻO ke CTOD hou a me ka luhi
ʻO Shell DEP 31.40.30.31	ʻO ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa wai hohonu	Paʻakikī koʻikoʻi (≤ 85 HRB)

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo hoʻohana:Nā paipu ʻaila ʻawaʻawa kaomi kiʻekiʻe, nā paipu ʻaila ʻawaʻawa wai hohonu, ka lawelawe waikawa ma waho o ke kai, ka wai ʻawaʻawa o ka hale hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā ʻāpana amine, ka hoʻokomo kinoea waikawa, CCS me H₂S.

6. Kaʻina Hana Hana - LSAW no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65 PSL2

Pono ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65 i nā papa TMCP holomua a me ka kaohi kaʻina hana paʻa loa.

Koho Pā:

● Haʻahaʻa ke kalapona (≤ 0.08%), haʻahaʻa ka manganese (≤ 1.40%), haʻahaʻa loa ka sulfur (≤ 0.0015%)

● Kalima i mālama ʻia (Ca/S ≥ 1.5)

● Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Mo (0.15-0.25%) no ke kū'ē ʻana o SSC

● TMCP me ka hoʻoluʻu wikiwiki ʻana-ʻano liʻiliʻi ferrite acicular

Nā ʻanuʻu kikoʻī no ka hoʻokumu ʻana o JCOE / UOE + ʻawaʻawa:

●Wili lihi -Pololei ±0.5mm, J bevel no ka komo ʻana o ka wili maikaʻi.

●Ke hoʻokumu nei -Makemake ʻia ʻo UOE (haʻahaʻa ke koena koʻikoʻi). ʻAe ʻia ʻo JCOE no ka ʻāina.

●Kuʻihao SAW -Hoʻokomo wela ≤ 2.2 kJ/mm (haʻahaʻa ma mua o ke kūlana maʻamau). Mahana waena ≤ 150°C.

●100% UT me TOFD -ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua o ka UT maʻamau.

●Ka Lapaʻau Wela Ma hope o ka Wela (PWHT) -He mea pono no nā lawelawe ʻawaʻawa āpau X65. E hoʻomohu ma 580-600°C (haʻahaʻa ka mahana ma mua o X52 e pale aku i ka nalowale ʻana o ka ikaika). E paʻa no 1 hola no kēlā me kēia mānoanoa 25mm. E hoʻomaʻalili i ka umu ma ≤ 150°C i kēlā me kēia hola.

●Hoʻonui mīkini (UOE) -Ua kaupalena ʻia i 0.5-0.8% (e kū'ē i ka 1.5% no ke kūlana maʻamau) e pale aku i ka paʻakikī ʻana o ka hana anu.

●Hoʻāʻo paʻakikī -ʻEkolu mau hele piha no kēlā me kēia paipu (metala kumu, HAZ, laina waena wili). ʻO ka palena kiʻekiʻe he 85 HRB.

●Hoʻāʻo HIC -No NACE TM0284 Solution A, 96h. Nā laʻana mai nā wēlau paipu.

●Hoʻāʻo SSC -Wahi a NACE TM0177 Hana A, 720h ma 90% SMYS.

Nā Palena Pūahi PWHT no X65 Sour:

● Mahana: 590°C ± 10°C (haʻahaʻa ma mua o X52 e mālama i ka ikaika)

● Ka manawa hoʻomoʻa: 1 hola no 25mm (ka palena iki he 1 hola)

● Ka helu hoʻomaʻalili: ≤ 150°C i kēlā me kēia hola mai 590°C a i 300°C

● Nā thermocouples he nui ma ka ʻili paipu

7. Ka Mana Hoʻomalu a me ka Hoʻāʻo ʻana no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65 LSAW

Kahua	Nānā ʻana	Nā Kūlana ʻAe ʻia
Pā	Kemika (OES)	C ≤ 0.08, S ≤ 0.0015%, CEV ≤ 0.38, Mo 0.15-0.25%
Pā	Ultrasonic (lamination)	ʻAʻohe laminations > 3mm
Pā	Tensile + Charpy ma -20°C	Hua ≥ 450 MPa, CVN ≥ 50J
Hoʻopili	100% UT me TOFD	ʻAʻohe hōʻailona > 1.6mm
Hoʻopili	RT (10% ka palena iki)	ʻAʻohe māwae, nele i ka fusion
Ma hope o ka PWHT	Paʻakikī (HRB)-BM, Weld, HAZ	≤ 85 HRB (kēlā me kēia ʻāpana)
Ua pau	HIC (NACE TM0284)	CLR ≤ 2% (pinepine 0%), CTR ≤ 1%, CSR ≤ 0.5%
Ua pau	SSC (NACE TM0177 Hana A, 720h)	ʻAʻohe haki
Ua pau	Charpy @ -20°C a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa	≥ 27 J (min), 80-150 J maʻamau
Ua pau	Uhi	Hua 450-570 MPa, Tensile ≥ 535 MPa
Ua pau	Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic	90-100% SMYS

ʻO ka pūʻolo palapala e komo pū ana me: MTC Type 3.2, nā pakuhi PWHT, nā palapala ʻāina paʻakikī, nā hōʻike HIC a me SSC, nā log UT/TOFD, nā palapala hōʻoia hoʻāʻo hydro.

8. Nā Hoʻohana Mua - API 5L X65 PSL2 ʻAwaʻawa Hana LSAW Steel Pipe

●Nā laina kumu kinoea kūlohelohe ʻawaʻawa kiʻekiʻe -Ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi mamao loa ma 10-15 MPa me H₂S a hiki i 50 ppm

● Nā paipu ʻaila ʻawaʻawa kai hohonu -Nā laina kai ma lalo o ka moana ma nā wahi H₂S (hoʻāʻo UOE + CTOD)

● Nā laina kahe ʻaila maka ʻawaʻawa -Nā laina kaomi kiʻekiʻe mai nā poʻo luawai a i nā hale kikowaena

● Nā laina wai ʻawaʻawa o ka hale hoʻomaʻemaʻe -ʻO ka lawelawe ʻana o Ammonium bisulfide a me H₂S (mahana kiʻekiʻe)

● Paipu ʻāpana lapaʻau Amine -ʻAmine momona a wīwī hoʻi (H₂S a me CO₂)

● Nā lua hoʻokomo kinoea waikawa -Ke hoʻokomo hou ʻana i nā hui H₂S/CO₂ i loko o nā wahi hoʻolei

● Nā laina hāpai kinoea -ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ke kinoea ʻawaʻawa no ka hāpai hana

● Nā paipu CCS me ka haumia H₂S -Ka hopu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kalapona kahi i loaʻa ai ka H₂S i ke kahawai CO₂

9. Hoʻopili & Hoʻouna - Paipu LSAW lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65

Ua like ia me ka ʻōpala LSAW maʻamau me ka pale ʻana i ka hopena i hoʻonui ʻia (manaʻo ʻia nā pāpale kila kila e pale aku i ka haumia). Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka palapala me ka waihona piha o ka lawelawe maikaʻi me nā palapala hoʻouna maʻamau.

10. Nā Pōmaikaʻi o ke kila Womic & FAQ - X65 PSL2 Sour Service LSAW

No ke aha ʻo Womic Steel no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65?

● Umu PWHT i hoʻolaʻa ʻia (12m ka lōʻihi) me ka kaohi mahana pololei (590°C ± 10°C)

● Hoʻāʻo HIC a me SSC i loko o ka hale (keʻena hoʻokolohua i ʻae ʻia e CNAS)

● Nā papa i hoʻohui ʻia me ka Mo no ke kūpaʻa SSC kiʻekiʻe

● Kaʻina hana UOE no ke koʻikoʻi koena haʻahaʻa (makemake ʻia no ka wai ʻawaʻawa hohonu)

● Loaʻa ka hoʻāʻo ʻawaʻawa i ʻike ʻia e ka ʻaoʻao ʻekolu (SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV)

● Ma luna o 300 km o nā paipu lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65 i hoʻolako ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa

Nā Nīnau i Nīnau Pinepine ʻia:

Q: He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X52 a me ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65?
A: ʻOi aku ka koi o ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65. Pono ʻo X65 i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe (450 vs 360 MPa yield) me ka mālama ʻana i nā palena paʻakikī like a paʻa paha (≤ 85 HRB). Pono kēia i ka hoʻohui Mo (0.15-0.25%), ka mana CEV koʻikoʻi (≤ 0.38% vs ≤ 0.40%), a pinepine ka mahana PWHT haʻahaʻa (590°C vs 600°C) e pale aku i ka nalowale ʻana o ka ikaika. Hoʻākāka pinepine ʻia ʻo X65 no nā paipu kaomi kiʻekiʻe (> 10 MPa) a me nā noi kai hohonu ma waho.

Q: He mea koi ʻia ka PWHT no nā paipu lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65 āpau me ka nānā ʻole i ka mānoanoa o ka paia?
A: ʻAe, e like me NACE MR0175 a me nā kikoʻī āpau o ka mea hoʻohana nui. ʻOiai no nā paipu 6.4mm WT, koi ʻia ka PWHT e hoʻokō i ka paʻakikī ≤ 85 HRB a e hōʻoluʻolu i nā koʻikoʻi koena. Hoʻopili ʻo Womic i ka PWHT i 100% o nā paipu lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65.

Q: He aha nā kūlana ʻae maʻamau a HIC no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65?
A: ʻAe ʻo NACE TM0284 iā CLR ≤ 5%, CTR ≤ 1.5%, CSR ≤ 0.5%. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā papahana wai hohonu a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe e koi iā CLR = 0% (ʻaʻohe māwae). ʻO nā papa sulfur haʻahaʻa loa o Womic (S ≤ 0.0015%) a me ka mālama ʻana i ka calcium e hoʻokō mau iā CLR 0%.

Q: Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā paipu lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65 ma nā wahi arctic a i ʻole nā wahi mahana haʻahaʻa?
A: ʻAe, me ka hoʻāʻo hopena Charpy haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hiki iā Womic ke hāʻawi i ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65 me ka hoʻāʻo hopena ma -20°C, -40°C, a i ʻole -46°C (min 27J). No ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa arctic, hāʻawi pū mākou iā DWTT (≥ 85% shear area ma ka mahana hoʻāʻo). E hoʻomaopopo he pono ka hoʻolālā alloy akahele no ka mahana haʻahaʻa a me ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa (hoʻohui Ni, CEV haʻahaʻa). E ʻoluʻolu e hāʻawi i kāu mahana hana a me ke kaomi hapa H₂S no ka loiloi kūpono.

Q: He aha ke kaomi hapa H₂S kiʻekiʻe loa no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65?
A: Wahi a NACE MR0175, kūpono ʻo X65 no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa a hiki i ka 0.3 psi (0.02 bar) H₂S kaomi hapa. No nā kaomi hapa kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa, 0.5-1.0 psi), pono ka hōʻoia hou (HIC me ka pH haʻahaʻa, SSC ma ke kaumaha kiʻekiʻe). Ua hōʻoia ʻo Womic iā X65 no ke kaomi hapa H₂S a hiki i ka 1.0 bar no nā papahana kikoʻī. E ʻoluʻolu e kaʻana like i kāu mau kūlana hana.

Q: He aha ka manawa alakaʻi maʻamau no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65 LSAW?
A: 80-120 mau lā, ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pā Mo-alloyed (manawa alakaʻi 8-12 mau pule) a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o HIC/SSC (4-6 mau pule). Hiki ke kauoha wikiwiki (60-90 mau lā) inā loaʻa nā pā i ka waihona. Hoʻohui ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao ʻekolu i 1-2 mau pule.

Q: Ke hāʻawi nei ʻoe i ka hoʻāʻo CTOD no nā mea hoʻāla wai X65 ma waho?
A: ʻAe. Hana mākou i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) e like me BS 7448 a i ʻole ASTM E1820 ma nā mahana i kuhikuhi ʻia (maʻamau -20°C a i ʻole -46°C). Nā waiwai CTOD liʻiliʻi loa: metala wili ≥ 0.25mm, HAZ ≥ 0.30mm. Ua hoʻolako mākou i nā paipu ʻawaʻawa X65 i hoʻāʻo ʻia e CTOD i nā papahana wai hohonu ma ke Kai ʻĀkau a me ke Kai Kūʻono o Mekiko.

Kuhikuhi Papahana-ʻO ka Paipu Kinoea ʻAwaʻawa o ke Komohana ʻĀkau (ʻAukekulelia)

ʻĀina:ʻAukekulelia (ʻAukekulelia Komohana, Papa ʻĀkau Komohana)
Kūlana & Papa:API 5L X65 PSL2 me ka pākuʻi lawelawe ʻawaʻawa no NACE MR0175; nā koi CTOD a me nā mahana haʻahaʻa hou aʻe
Nā Ana a me ka Nui:

● OD 610mm (24″) × WT 15.9mm-45,000 mika (ma kahi o 9,200 tons) i hana ʻia e ke kaʻina hana UOE

● OD 610mm (24″) × WT 19.0mm-12,000 mika (ma kahi o 2,800 tons) i hana ʻia e ke kaʻina hana UOE (pā mānoanoa no ka ʻāpana riser)

● OD 813mm (32″) × WT 22.2mm-8,000 mika (ma kahi o 3,100 tons) i hana ʻia e ke kaʻina hana JCOE (ʻāpana onshore)
Huina:65,000 mika (65 km), ma kahi o 15,100 tone

Nā kikoʻī:ʻO ka uhi waho 3LPP (3.5mm) no ka mahana kiʻekiʻe (95°C), nā wēlau beveled 30°/1.6mm, hydrotest ma 18.0 MPa (kaomi hoʻolālā 12.5 MPa). Ka hopena Charpy i koi ʻia ma -20°C (min 50J, i hoʻokō ʻia he 100-160J). CTOD ma -20°C: metala weld ≥ 0.25mm, HAZ ≥ 0.30mm (i hoʻokō ʻia he 0.35-0.55mm). HIC no NACE TM0284 Solution A, 96h-ʻae ʻia: CLR = 0%, CTR = 0%, CSR = 0%. SSC no NACE TM0177 Hana A, 720h ma 90% SMYS-ʻAʻohe nahā. Paʻakikī max 85 HRB. Hoʻopili ʻia ka PWHT i nā paipu āpau (e hoʻomohu i 590°C ± 10°C, 1.5 hola). 100% UT me TOFD me 20% RT. Nānā ʻia e ke kolu o ka ʻaoʻao e DNV Australia.

Noi:ʻO ka paipu kinoea ʻawaʻawa e lawe ana i ke kinoea kūlohelohe mai nā kahua kai (me ka nui o H₂S o 15-25 ppm) i kahi hale hana LNG ma uka. ʻO ka paipu 65 km ka lōʻihi e komo pū ana me kahi ʻāpana kai hohonu (ka hohonu o ka wai 200-300m) a me kahi ʻāpana ma uka ma o ka lepo ʻino. Hana ka paipu ma 95°C a me 12.5 MPa.

Nā Pilikia ʻenehana a me nā Hoʻonā:

● Kiʻekiʻe ka mahana (95°C) i hui pū ʻia me ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa -Hana ka hapa nui o nā paipu lawelawe ʻawaʻawa ma lalo o 80°C. Ma 95°C, kau ʻo NACE MR0175 i nā palena koʻikoʻi ma ka paʻakikī a me ke koho ʻana i nā mea. Ua koho ʻo Womic i nā papa Mo-alloyed (Mo 0.20-0.25%) a hoʻohana i ka uhi 3LPP (polypropylene, i helu ʻia i 120°C) ma kahi o 3LPE (i kaupalena ʻia i 80°C). Ua hoʻemi ʻia ka mahana PWHT i 580°C e pale aku i ka hoʻomehana nui ʻana. Paʻakikī ma hope o PWHT: metala kumu 78-82 HRB, weld 80-84 HRB-maikaʻi i loko o ka palena.

● Koi HIC ʻaʻohe haki -Ua koi ka mea kūʻai aku iā CLR = 0% (ʻaʻohe māwae HIC). Ua hoʻohana ʻo Womic i nā papa sulfur haʻahaʻa loa (S ≤ 0.0008%) me ka lakio Ca/S 2.2. Ma hope o PWHT, ua hōʻike ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o HIC ma 20 mau laʻana (4 no kēlā me kēia wela) iā CLR 0%, CTR 0%, CSR 0%. Ua hōʻike ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana o ka microstructure i nā sulfides globular wale nō (ʻaʻohe MnS elongated).

● ʻO ka paʻakikī haki CTOD no ka mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe ma waho -Pono ka ʻāpana riser (12 km) i ka hoʻāʻo CTOD ma -20°C. Ua hana ʻo Womic i ka CTOD ma ka metala weld a me HAZ. Nā hopena: metala weld 0.40-0.55mm, HAZ 0.45-0.70mm (ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.25mm/0.30mm). Ua hāʻawi pū mākou i nā ʻōlelo paipai no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kaʻina hana welding piha (WPQ) no ka welding girth kahua.

● Hoʻopili ʻia ka uhi wela kiʻekiʻe (3LPP) -Pono ka uhi ʻana o 3LPP i ka primer FBE (epoxy) a me ka papa luna polypropylene. Hoʻopili ʻia ka uhi ʻana o Womic i loko o kahi hale hana i kāohi ʻia e ke aniau. ʻO ka ikaika o ka ʻili ma 95°C i ana ʻia ma 75 N/cm (ka palena iki he 50 N/cm). ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o Cathodic ma 95°C ma hope o 28 mau lā: ≤ 6mm radius.

● Logistics i ke Komohana Komohana mamao o Australia -Ua hoʻouna ʻia nā paipu mai Shanghai a i ke awa ʻo Dampier (Western Australia) ma o ka moku haki nui (huakaʻi 28 lā). Ma muli o ke kau makani ʻino, ua hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ʻelua mau ukana. Ua hoʻoponopono ʻo Womic i ka papa hana hana e hoʻopaʻa i nā ukana a pale i ka demurrage. Ua hāʻawi ʻia nā 15,100 tons a pau i loko o ka puka makani o ka papahana.

● Hopena:Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka paipu kinoea ʻawaʻawa i ka hapaha mua o 2025. Ma hope o 18 mau mahina o ka hana, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ka nānā ʻana ma ka laina (ILI) i nā ʻano ʻē e pili ana iā HIC a i ʻole SSC. Ua ʻae ka mea hoʻokele iā Womic Steel ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolako kūpono no nā papahana hoʻonui kinoea ʻawaʻawa e hiki mai ana ma ka North West Shelf.

Hoʻokaʻaʻike:
Pūnaewele: www.womicsteel.com
Leka uila: sales@womicsteel.com

Kelepona / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Lanakila: +86 15575100681
ʻO Jack: +86 18390957568

Womic Steel-ʻO kāu hoa hilinaʻi no nā paipu kila LSAW lawelawe ʻawaʻawa API 5L X65 PSL2 no nā laina kumu kinoea ʻawaʻawa kiʻekiʻe, nā paipu kai hohonu, a me nā noi lawelawe waikawa ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

Ma mua: Paipu kila API 5L X65 LSAW: Nā hiki ke hana a me nā kikoʻī huahana

Aʻe: Paipu kila API 5L X70 LSAW: Nā hiki ke hana a me nā kikoʻī huahana