Paipu kila API 5L X60 (L415) LSAW: Nā hiki ke hana a me nā kikoʻī huahana

Wehewehe Pōkole:

Hāʻawi ʻo Womic Steel i ka paipu kila API 5L X60 (L415) LSAW kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻoili ʻana i ke kinoea kūlohelohe kiʻekiʻe, nā laina kumu ʻaila maka, a me nā paipu cross-country. Hāʻawi ʻo X60 i ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi o 415 MPa (60,200 psi), e hiki ai ke hōʻemi nui i ka mānoanoa o ka paia i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me X52 - a hiki i ka 15% lahilahi no ka helu kaomi like. Hoʻokomo pū ka hana LSAW iā JCOE, UOE, a me nā ʻano hana kuʻi papa ʻōwili, e hāʻawi ana i kahi humuhumu pololei me ka pono weld maikaʻi loa, ka lōʻihi weld pōkole, a me ke kūpaʻa dimensional maikaʻi loa. No nā diameters nui loa a i ʻole nā mānoanoa paia kaumaha (a hiki i ka 50.8mm no JCOE/UOE, a hiki i ka 70mm no ka papa ʻōwili), hoʻohana ʻo Womic i ka hui pū ʻana o ka ʻōwili papa a me ka kuʻi arc submerged multi-pass. ʻO ke anawaena waho mai 219mm a i 1,600mm (8″ - 63″), ka mānoanoa o ka paia mai 6.0mm a i 70mm (ma muli o ke kaʻina hana), ka lōʻihi a hiki i 24m. Loaʻa ka palapala hōʻoia no ka wili ʻana, ka hoʻāʻo hydro, ka hoʻāʻo ultrasonic a i ʻole phased array 100%, nā wēlau beveled, a me ka uhi anti-corrosion (3LPE, FBE, 3LPP). Kūpono no nā laina kumu kinoea kiʻekiʻe-kaomi (a hiki i ka 15 MPa), nā paipu kai, ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa (PSL2 me HIC/SSC), a me nā noi arctic me ka hoʻāʻo hopena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hiki i -46°C.

Ka nui o ka paipu kila LSAW:Anawaena o waho: 219mm – 1,600mm (8″ – 63″), Mānoanoa o ka paia: 6.0mm – 70.0mm (JCOE/UOE max 50.8mm, papa ʻōwili max 70mm), Loa: 6m – 18m maʻamau, lōʻihi maʻamau a hiki i ka 24m

Kūlana & Papa o ka Paipu Kila LSAW:API 5L X60 PSL1 / PSL2 (i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo L415 no ISO 3183); loaʻa pū kekahi i ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa (i hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻo HIC/SSC); like me DNV-OS-F101 L415

Ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka LSAW Steel Pipe:Nā laina kumu kinoea kūlohelohe kiʻekiʻe lōʻihi (10-15 MPa), ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka ʻaila maka, nā paipu ʻāina ma waena o ka ʻāina mauna, nā paipu hoʻokuʻu aku kinoea ma waho o ke kai, nā paipu lawelawe ʻawaʻawa (kaiapuni H₂S), nā paipu kikowaena compressor kinoea, nā paipu arctic (paʻakikī haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa), nā laina hoʻokomo wai no ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka ʻaila i hoʻonui ʻia.

Hāʻawi ʻo Womic Steel i nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a hoʻokūkū hoʻi o ka paipu kila API 5L X60 LSAW, paipu wili ʻia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ke arc, paipu laina UOE, paipu kalapona paia kaumaha, paipu laina kumu kinoea JCOE. Loaʻa ka palapala wili EN 10204 3.1/3.2, hoʻāʻo hydro, UT/PAUT, ʻaoʻao beveled, uhi 3PE/FBE/3LPP. Hoʻolako pololei ka hale hana no ka paipu EPC a me nā papahana kūkulu ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

E leka uila mai iā mākou Nā kikoʻī huahana

Nā kikoʻī huahana

Nā Lepili Huahana

1. Womic Steel: Nā Mana Hana a me ka Ikaika o ka ʻOihana

Hoʻokele ʻo Womic Steel Group i nā laina hana LSAW he nui e uhi ana i ʻekolu mau ʻano hana mua a me nā hiki pā kaumaha kūikawā. Pono ka hana ʻana o X60 i ka kaohi koʻikoʻi o ka microalloying a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻōwili ma muli o kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe.

● Laina JCOE:No nā anawaena 406mm - 1,422mm (16″–56″), ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka paia a hiki i ka 50.8mm. Hoʻokumu ʻana o JCO i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mīkini. Hana pono kiʻekiʻe, poepoe maikaʻi. Kūpono no ka hapa nui o nā noi laina kumu ma uka.

●Laina UOE:No nā anawaena 508mm - 1,220mm (20″–48″), ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka paia a hiki i ka 40mm. Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo U a laila hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo O me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hydraulic. ʻO ka pololei o ke ana ʻana maikaʻi loa (± 0.2% OD), makemake ʻia no nā paipu kai hohonu a me ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa. ʻO UOE ke kaʻina hana makemake ʻia no nā laina kumu kinoea X60.

●Papa ʻōwili (Hui Hoʻokahi):No nā anawaena 600mm - 1,600mm (24″–63″), ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka paia mai 25mm a hiki i 70mm. Hoʻokahi pā i ʻōwili ʻia i loko o kahi cylinder me hoʻokahi weld longitudinal. Kūpono no ka mānoanoa o ka paia kaumaha ma mua o ka hiki o JCOE/UOE.

●Papa ʻōwili (Hui pālua):No ka mānoanoa o ka paia > 50.8mm a hiki i 80mm, e hoʻohana ana i ʻelua mau papa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke ʻano lōʻihi. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no nā paipu manifold kiʻekiʻe a me nā noi arctic.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka mana LSAW ma mua o 300,000 tons i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka hana X60 i hoʻolaʻa ʻia ma mua o 80,000 tons i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Loaʻa iā Womic Steel ka API 5L Monogram, ISO 9001, CE PED, a ua nānā mau ʻia e ABS, DNV, TÜV, a me BV. He moʻolelo kaulana honua ma 80+ mau ʻāina me ka ʻoi aku o 1,500 km o nā pipeline X60 i hoʻolako ʻia.

Ka Hoʻololi Hana:

●JCOE: 406–1,422mm OD × 6.0–50.8mm WT × ≤ 18m

●UOE: 508–1,220mm OD × 6.0–40.0mm WT × ≤ 24m (hoʻomaikaʻi ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mīkini i ka poepoe i ±0.2%)

●Papa ʻōwili (humuhumu hoʻokahi): 600–1,600mm OD × 25–70mm WT × ≤ 12m (palena kaumaha a hiki i 25 tons no kēlā me kēia hui)

●Papa ʻōwili (humuhumu pālua): 1,000–2,000mm OD × 25–80mm WT × ≤ 12m

Hiki ke hoʻolako ʻia nā paipu āpau me ka PWHT (post-weld heat treatment) no ka paia mānoanoa a i ʻole ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa. Loaʻa ka hoʻāʻo hopena haʻahaʻa wela a hiki i -46°C a me -60°C no nā papahana arctic.

2. API 5L X60: Nā ʻano o ka hoʻohuihui ʻana o nā mea a me ka hana

ʻO API 5L X60 (i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo L415 ma ISO 3183) he papa paipu laina ikaika kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻoili kinoea kiʻekiʻe mamao. ʻO ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi o 415 MPa (60,200 psi) a me ka ikaika tensile o 520 MPa (75,400 psi) e ʻae i ka hōʻemi nui ʻana o ka mānoanoa o ka paia i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā papa haʻahaʻa. Hana ʻia ʻo X60 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōwili i kāohi ʻia a me ka microalloying me Nb, V, a me Ti e hoʻokō i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka palaoa maikaʻi.

ʻAno Kemika (Loiloi Ladle, max % ma ke kaumaha):

ʻElemene	API 5L X60 PSL1 (max%)	API 5L X60 PSL2 (max%)
C	0.22 (maʻamau 0.10-0.12)	0.12 (maʻamau)
Mn	1.60	1.60
P	0.025	0.025
S	0.015	0.015
Si	0.45	0.45
V	0.10	0.10
Nb	0.05	0.05
Ti	0.04	0.04
CEV	ʻAʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia	≤ 0.43 (maʻamau ≤ 0.40)

No PSL2, ua kāohi pono ʻia ke kalapona like (CEV). Mālama ʻo Womic i ka CEV ≤ 0.40% no nā noi lawelawe ʻawaʻawa. Hāʻawi ka Microalloying me Nb (0.03-0.05%) i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka palaoa a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ua.

Nā Waiwai Mekanika (Mahana o ka Lumi):

Waiwai	API 5L X60 PSL1	API 5L X60 PSL2
Ikaika Hāʻawi (min)	415 MPa (60,200 psi)	415–565 MPa
Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa (min)	520 MPa (75,400 psi)	520–760 MPa
Hoʻolōʻihi (min)	20% (no ke anawaena 50mm)	20%
Laki Hua (max)	ʻAʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia	0.93
Paʻakikī (max)	ʻAʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia	90 HRB
Paʻakikī hopena (min)	ʻAʻole koi ʻia	27 J @ 0°C (koho -20°C, -40°C, -46°C)

Hoʻohālikelike me X52 a me X65:

Papa	MPa hua	MPa huki	Lākiō Hua	Hoʻohana Maʻamau
X52	360	460	≤ 0.90	Kaomi waena-kiʻekiʻe, ma uka
X60	415	520	≤ 0.93	Nā laina kumu kinoea kiʻekiʻe
X65	450	535	≤ 0.93	Kaomi kiʻekiʻe loa, wai hohonu

3. Ka laulā Ana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana

Mea	Nā kikoʻī
Kūlana Maʻamau	API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 (a me ISO 3183 L415)
Nā Kaʻina Hana Hana	JCOE, UOE, pā i ʻōwili ʻia (humuhumu hoʻokahi/pālua)
Ka laulā o ke anawaena o waho	219mm – 1,600mm (8″ – 63″)
Pae Mānoanoa o ka Paia	JCOE/UOE: 6.0mm – 50.8mm; Papa ʻōwili: 25mm – 70mm (a hiki i ka 80mm ma ke ʻano maʻamau)
Ka laulā lōʻihi	Kūlana: 6m, 12m, 18m; Hoʻolōʻihi ʻia: a hiki i 24m (JCOE/UOE) a i ʻole 12m (pā pōhaku kaumaha i ʻōwili ʻia)
Hoʻopau i ka hoʻopau ʻana	Pau Maʻemaʻe (PE), Pau Beveled (BE) no kēlā me kēia API 5L (30° bevel, 1.6mm maka aʻa)
Hoʻopau ʻili	ʻŌlohelohe, ʻaila ʻia, 3LPE, 3LPP, FBE, Coal Tar Epoxy, Liquid Epoxy
Nā hoʻomanawanui	OD: ±0.5% a i ʻole ±3.2mm (ʻo ka mea emi iho); WT: -0% / +15%; Lōʻihi: +50mm / -0mm

4. Nā Ana a me nā Kikoʻī i Loaʻa - Paipu Kila API 5L X60 LSAW (Nā Nui Maʻamau i Koho ʻia)

OD (mm)	Nā Koho WT (mm)	Kaʻina Hana	Kaumaha Kokoke (kg/m)	Lōʻihi Maʻamau	Hoʻohana Maʻamau
273	6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5	JCOE	42.1 – 80.1	12m	Nā laina ʻaoʻao kinoea
324	6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0	JCOE	50.2 – 107.1	12m / 18m	ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili kinoea
406	8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0	JCOE/UOE	78.5 – 181.4	12m / 18m	Nā laina kumu
508	8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0	UOE	98.6 – 263.8	12m / 18m / 24m	Kinoea kaomi kiʻekiʻe
610	10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4	UOE	148.0 – 366.2	12m / 18m / 24m	Nā laina kumu kinoea nui
711	12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 28.0	JCOE/UOE	215.3 – 471.7	12m / 18m	Kinoea ma waena o ka ʻāina
813	12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 32.0	JCOE	246.7 – 616.2	12m / 18m	Kinoea nui
914	14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 38.0	JCOE	310.8 – 820.9	12m / 18m	Hoʻokuʻu aku ma waho o ka ʻāina
1,016	16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0	JCOE/ʻōwili ʻia	394.6 – 1,078.2	12m	Kinoea wai hohonu
1,220	19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0	ʻŌwili ʻia (hoʻokahi)	563.0 – 1,304.2	12m	Nā paipu ʻĀketika
1,422	25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0, 60.0	ʻŌwili ʻia (hoʻokahi)	875.1 – 2,016.8	12m	Kaomi kiʻekiʻe loa
1,600	30.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0	ʻŌwili ʻia (pālua)	1,162 – 2,640	10m / 12m	Papahana kūikawā

Pono nā paipu pā kaumaha (≥ 32mm) i ka PWHT e hōʻemi i nā koʻikoʻi koena. Pono nā paipu X60 no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa i ka paʻakikī ≤ 85 HRB (target) a me ka hoʻāʻo HIC.

5. Nā Kūlana Maʻamau a me nā Papa - Paipu Laina LSAW a me ka Paipu Kūkulu

Kūlana Maʻamau	Nā Papa kila	Hoʻohana Maʻamau	Kaʻina Hana
API 5L PSL1/PSL2	X60, X65, X70	Hoʻoili ʻaila/kinoea	JCOE/UOE/ʻōwili ʻia
API 5L PSL2 (ʻawaʻawa)	X60, X65	Lawelawe ʻawaʻawa (H₂S)	UOE + PWHT
ISO 3183	L415, L450, L485	Nā papahana honua	JCOE/UOE
DNV-OS-F101	L415, L450	Nā paipu wai ma lalo o ka moana	UOE
EN 10217-1	S275JR, S355JR	Nā paipu kaomi	JCOE
EN 10219	S355JRH, S355J2H	Nā ʻāpana kūkulu	JCOE/ʻōwili ʻia
ASTM A671	CC60, CC65	Haʻahaʻa ka mahana	ʻōwili ʻia
NORSOK M-120	X60	Kahua ma waho o ke kai	UOE

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo hoʻohana:Nā laina kumu kinoea kūlohelohe kiʻekiʻe mamao loa, nā paipu hoʻokuʻu aku kinoea ma waho o ke kai, ka hoʻoili kinoea lawelawe ʻawaʻawa, nā paipu ʻākeka, nā paipu kikowaena compressor, nā laina hoʻokomo wai.

6. Nā Kaʻina Hana Hana - LSAW (JCOE / UOE / Rolled Plate) no ka Paipu Kila X60

Koho ʻo Womic Steel i ke kaʻina hana kūpono e pili ana i ke anawaena, ka mānoanoa o ka paia, a me nā koi o ka waiwai mechanical. Pono ʻo X60 i ka kaohi paʻa o ka hoʻokomo wela i ka wā o ka hoʻopili ʻana o SAW e pale aku i ka palupalu ʻana o ka ʻāpana i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka wela.

Kaʻina Hana JCOE (406–1,422mm OD, 6.0–50.8mm WT):

● Wili ʻana o ka lihi o ka pā (X a i ʻole J bevel) me ka pololei ±0.5mm

● Ke kulou mua ʻana (crimping) o nā ʻaoʻao i ka radius mānoanoa o ka pā 1.5x

● Hoʻokumu ʻana i ke ʻano J (paʻi kuʻi) - 1/3 mua o ke anapuni

● Ke hoʻokumu ʻana i ke ʻano C (moʻo o nā make) - ka lua o ka 1/3 o ke anapuni

● Ke hoʻokumu ʻana i ke ʻano O (paukū hope loa) - ke pani ʻana i ke kuʻi

● Kuʻi ʻana i nā kaula (nā kaula kiko i kēlā me kēia 300mm ma ke kuʻi ʻana)

● ʻO ka SAW kūloko (uea hoʻokahi a nui paha, ka hoʻokomo wela i kāohi ʻia i ≤ 3.0 kJ/mm no X60)

● Ke ʻoki hope ʻana (ea carbon arc a i ʻole ka wili ʻana) no ka komo piha ʻana

● ʻIli ʻoki waho (multi-pass no nā paia mānoanoa, mahana interpass ≤ 250°C)

● Hoʻonui ʻia ka mīkini (1–1.5% piʻi ʻana o ka OD, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka poepoe i ±0.3%)

● Kūpono no ka hapa nui o nā noi laina kumu ma uka

Kaʻina Hana UOE (508–1,220mm OD, 6.0–40mm WT):

● Hoʻokumu ka U-press i ka pā i ke ʻano U (2000-4000 tons force)

● Pani ʻo O-press i loko o ke ʻano cylindrical (3000-6000 tons force)

● Mea hoʻonui (mekanika) i ke anawaena hope loa a me ka poepoe (48-72 mau ʻāpana hoʻonui)

● Ua like ka wili ʻana me JCOE akā me ka throughput kiʻekiʻe aʻe

● Makemake ʻia no nā paipu wai hohonu a me ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa ma muli o ke poepoe kiʻekiʻe (± 0.2% OD) a me ke koʻikoʻi koena haʻahaʻa

● ʻO UOE ke kaʻina hana makemake ʻia no nā laina kumu kinoea X60 ma muli o nā waiwai mechanical kūlike

Papa ʻōwili (Hui Hoʻokahi) no ka Pā Kaumaha (600–1,600mm OD, 25–70mm WT):

● Ua ʻōwili ʻia ka papa kila hoʻokahi i loko o kahi cylinder me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mīkini kulou 4-roll

● Ka ʻōwili ʻana i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu: ʻōwili mua, ʻōwili ʻino, ʻōwili hoʻopau (maʻamau he 15-20 mau hala)

● ʻO ke kuʻi lōʻihi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me SAW (ʻo ka liʻiliʻi he 3 mau ala: aʻa, hoʻopiha, pāpale)

● ʻAʻohe hoʻonui mīkini (hoʻokō ʻia ka poepoe ma o ka pololei o ka ʻōwili ʻana, maʻamau ±0.5%)

● Kūpono no nā paipu paia mānoanoa kahi i kaupalena ʻia ai ka mea hana JCOE/UOE

● Pono ka PWHT (hoʻomaha i ke kaumaha) no ka mānoanoa o ka paia > 32mm

Papa ʻōwili (Hui pālua) no ka paia kaumaha loa / Anawaena nui loa (1,000–2,000mm OD, 25–80mm WT):

ʻElua mau papa i ʻōwili ʻia i loko o nā hapalua-cylinders a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā ʻāpana lōʻihi ʻelua

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no nā paipu manifold kiʻekiʻe, nā penstock, a me nā pipeline arctic

Nānā ʻia nā wili āpau 100% UT a me RT

Lapaʻau Wela Ma hope o ka Wela (PWHT):No ka mānoanoa o ka paia > 32mm a i ʻole no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa (H₂S), hāʻawi ʻo Womic i ka mālama wela hoʻomaha i ke kaumaha i loko o ka umu lalo o ke kaʻa (a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 12m) a i ʻole ma kahi kūloko e hoʻohana ana i ka hoʻomehana induction. ʻO ka mahana hoʻomoʻa ʻana he 580-620°C no 1 hola no 25mm ka mānoanoa. No X60, pono ke kaohi pono e pale aku i ka hoʻomehana nui ʻana. ʻO ka paʻakikī ma hope o ka PWHT i kāohi ʻia i ≤ 90 HRB (a i ʻole ≤ 85 HRB no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa).

Ka Hiki Haʻahaʻa-Mahana:No nā papahana arctic, hāʻawi ʻo Womic iā X60 me ka hoʻāʻo hopena Charpy ma -46°C (min 27J, maʻamau 80-120J) a me DWTT me ka ʻāpana shear ≥ 85% ma -20°C. ʻO ka ʻōwili ʻana o ka papa kumu e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hoʻonohonoho ferrite-pearlite maikaʻi.

7. Nā Kaʻina Hana Hoʻomalu a me ka Hoʻāʻo ʻana no ka Paipu Kila API 5L X60 LSAW

Kahua	ʻAno Nānā	Kumu	Kaʻina Hana Pili
Pā	Ka Loiloi Kemika (OES)	E hōʻoia i nā palena haku mele X60	A pau
Pā	Ultrasonic (Nānā Lamination)	E ʻike i nā hemahema o loko	A pau
Pā	Uʻi (longitudinal & transverse)	Hōʻoia mīkini	A pau
Pā	Ana ʻana o ka nui o ka palaoa (ASTM E112)	E hōʻoia i ka palaoa maikaʻi (ASTM 10 a ʻoi aku paha ka maikaʻi)	X60 PSL2
I ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana	Ana (ke anawaena, ka ovality)	E hōʻoia i ka like ʻana	A pau
Humuhumu Weld	100% UT Hana ʻakomi (a i ʻole PAUT me TOFD)	ʻIke i ka nele o ka fusion, slag, porosity	A pau
Humuhumu Weld	RT (wahi 10-100% ma luna o nā kikoʻī)	Ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka wili ʻana	A pau
Humuhumu Weld	MPI (nā manamana wāwae a me ka HAZ)	Nā māwae ʻili	A pau
Humuhumu Weld	Ka hele ʻana o ka paʻakikī (weld, HAZ, BM)	Ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa	PSL2 / ʻawaʻawa
Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia	Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic (no kēlā me kēia API 5L)	Ka pono o ke kaomi (85-100% SMYS)	A pau
Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia	ʻO Charpy V-Notch (PSL2)	Paʻakikī haʻahaʻa	ʻO PSL2 wale nō
Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia	Paʻakikī (HRB/HV10) – 3 mau helu	Ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa	PSL2 / ʻawaʻawa
Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia	Piʻo Alakaʻi / Hoʻopālahalaha	Ka maʻalahi	A pau
Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia	ʻIke maka & māka	Ke kūlana o ka ʻili, ka hiki ke hahai ʻia	A pau
Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia	DWTT (koho)	Kaohi hoʻolaha haki	ʻĀketika/ʻawaʻawa
Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia	CTOD (koho)	ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka haki no ke kahakai	Kai hohonu

Koho no ka lawelawe koʻikoʻi:

● HIC no NACE TM0284 (Hoʻonā A a i ʻole B, 96h) - no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa

● SSC no NACE TM0177 (ʻAno A, 720h) – no ke kaiapuni H₂S

● Ka hopena wela haʻahaʻa ma -20°C, -40°C, -46°C, a i ʻole -60°C

● DWTT ma -20°C a i ʻole haʻahaʻa no ka hoʻolālā hoʻopaʻa haki

● Palapala ʻāina paʻakikī piha o ka ʻāpana

● Hoʻāʻo ʻana o CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) no nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe ma waho o ke kai a me nā paipu arctic

Hoʻāʻo ultrasonic kino piha (ʻaʻole wale ka humuhumu) no nā pipelines kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe

8. Nā Noi Kumu - Paipu Kila API 5L X60 LSAW

●Nā laina kumu kinoea kūlohelohe kiʻekiʻe mamao loa– Ka hoʻoili ʻana o ke kinoea ma waena o ka ʻāina ma nā kaomi a hiki i ka 15 MPa (2,200 psi)

● Nā paipu hoʻokuʻu aku kinoea ma waho o ke kai– Mai nā kahua kai a i nā hale loaʻa ma uka (makemake ʻia ke kaʻina hana UOE)

● Hoʻoili kinoea lawelawe ʻawaʻawa– nā kahua kinoea i loaʻa iā H₂S (PSL2 me ka hoʻāʻo HIC/SSC, ua hoʻopili ʻia ʻo PWHT)

● Nā paipu ʻĀkelika a me nā paipu permafrost– Nā koi hopena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hiki i -46°C

● Paipu kikowaena compressor kinoea- Paipu kikowaena kiʻekiʻe me nā wēlau flanged a welded paha

● Nā laina kumu ʻaila maka- Ka hoʻoili ʻaila nui e koi ana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe

● Nā laina hoʻokomo wai no ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka ʻaila– Wai kaomi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka 35 MPa (pā pā kaumaha i ʻōwili ʻia)

● Nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe wai hohonu– Nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe ikaika e koi ana i ka hoʻāʻo CTOD a me ka hoʻolālā luhi (kaʻina hana UOE)

9. Hoʻopili a me ka hoʻouna ʻana - API 5L X60 LSAW Steel Pipe

Pūʻolo:

● Nā anawaena liʻiliʻi (≤ 24″): Nā pūʻolo hexagonal, kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā pale lihi (3-5 mau kaula no kēlā me kēia pūʻolo)

● Nā anawaena nui (> 24″): Nā paipu pākahi, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā ʻāpana lāʻau a me nā ʻāpana laholio (ʻo ka liʻiliʻi he 2 mau kiko ʻāpana no kēlā me kēia paipu)

● Nā pāpale hopena: Nā pāpale plastik a kila paha hana kaumaha (nā welau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka beveled mai ka hopena a me nā ʻōpala)

● Palekana uhi: No nā paipu i uhi ʻia me 3LPE/FBE, nā apo huʻa a i ʻole nā pepa laholio ma waena o nā papa

● ʻŌpala kūikawā no nā hoʻouna ʻana o ka ʻĀkelika: Nā ʻeke pale ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻeke anti-condensation

Nā ʻano hoʻouna:

● Nā moku haki nui no >500 tone a i ʻole nā anawaena nui

● Nā ipu 20 kapuaʻi/40 kapuaʻi no nā anawaena liʻiliʻi (pūʻulu ʻia)

● Nā ʻūpā pālahalaha a i ʻole nā ipu hāmama no nā lōʻihi loa (a hiki i 24m)

● Ukana kaʻaahi no nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ʻāina (kaʻaahi Kina-ʻEulopa, ka hele ʻana ma o Kazakhstan, Rusia)

Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā palapala:

● Palapala Hoʻāʻo Wili (EN 10204 ʻAno 3.1 a i ʻole 3.2)

● Hōʻike Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic

● Hōʻike Hoʻāʻo Ultrasonic (100% weld + kino koho)

● Hōʻike Hoʻāʻo Radiographic (inā i kuhikuhi ʻia)

● Hōʻike Nānā Ana

● Palapala Hoʻopaʻa Uhi (inā ua uhi ʻia)

● Hōʻike PMI

● Papa Inoa Hoʻopili, Bila Kūʻai, COO, Bila Ukana

10. Nā Pōmaikaʻi o Womic Steel & FAQ - API 5L X60 LSAW Steel Pipe

No ke aha ʻo Womic Steel no X60 LSAW?

●ʻEkolu mau kaʻina hana hoʻohui (JCOE, UOE, pā i ʻōwili ʻia) e uhi ana i nā anawaena 219–1,600mm

●Hāʻawi ke kaʻina hana UOE i ka ±0.2% OD roundness - koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kahua hana ponoʻī o nā laina kumu kinoea

●Ka hiki ke uhi i ka paia a hiki i ka 70mm (humuhumu hoʻokahi) a i ʻole 80mm (humuhumu pālua)

●Ka mana o ka umu PWHT: 12m ka lōʻihi × 3m ke anawaena

●Hoʻāʻo hopena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hiki i -46°C a me -60°C (ʻano arctic X60)

●ʻO ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa i hōʻoia ʻia me ka hoʻāʻo HIC/SSC (NACE TM0284, TM0177)

●ʻO ka API 5L Monogram + CE + ka nānā ʻana o nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu (SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, ABS, LR)

●Ka huli wikiwiki ʻana: 35-50 mau lā no ka maʻamau X60 PSL1, 50-70 mau lā no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa PSL2

●ʻO ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka 24m e hōʻemi ana i nā wili girth kahua ma 30-40%

●Ua hoʻolako ʻia ma luna o 1,500 km o nā paipu X60 ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa me ka ʻole o ka hāʻule ʻana i ka lawelawe ʻana

Nā Nīnau i Nīnau Pinepine ʻia:

Q: No ke aha e koho ai iā X60 ma mua o X52 no ka paipu kinoea?
A: Hāʻawi ʻo X60 i ka ikaika hua he 15% kiʻekiʻe aʻe (415 MPa vs 360 MPa), e ʻae ana i nā paia lahilahi (maʻamau ka hōʻemi ʻana he 10-15%) no ka helu kaomi like. Hoʻemi kēia i ke kaumaha o ka mea a me ke kumukūʻai, ʻoiai no nā paipu mamao. Eia nō naʻe, koi ʻo X60 i nā kaʻina hana kuʻi ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi i ka haki ʻana o ka hydrogen. No nā kaomi ma lalo o 10 MPa, ʻoi aku ka hoʻokele waiwai o X52. No nā kaomi ma luna o 12 MPa, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo X60 a i ʻole X65.

Q: He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o X60 PSL1 a me PSL2?
A: ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā palena kemika o PSL2 (ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o C, P, S), koi ʻia ka hoʻāʻo hopena Charpy (27J @ 0°C a i ʻole haʻahaʻa), ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o 90 HRB, a koi ʻia ka 100% UT o ka humuhumu weld (koi wale ʻo PSL1 i ka spot UT). No nā laina kumu kinoea e hana ana ma nā wahi i noho nui ʻia a i ʻole nā mahana haʻahaʻa, kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia ʻo PSL2.

Q: Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolako iā X60 me ka palapala hōʻoia lawelawe ʻawaʻawa?
A: ʻAe. Hāʻawi mākou iā X60 PSL2 me ka hoʻāʻo HIC (NACE TM0284) a me ka hoʻāʻo SSC (NACE TM0177). ʻAe maʻamau: CLR ≤ 5%, CTR ≤ 1.5%, CSR ≤ 0.5% no HIC. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo PWHT no nā lawelawe ʻawaʻawa āpau X60 me ka nānā ʻole i ka mānoanoa o ka paia e hōʻoia i ka paʻakikī ≤ 85 HRB. Ua hāʻawi mākou i ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X60 i nā papahana Hikina Waena a me Asia Hikina Hema.

Q: He aha nā hoʻāʻo hopena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hiki iā ʻoe ke hana no nā paipu arctic X60?
A: Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻāʻo a hiki i -60°C. Pono nā paipu kinoea arctic maʻamau i ka hopena Charpy o 27J ka liʻiliʻi ma -46°C. Hoʻokō pinepine ʻo Womic i 80-120J ma -46°C. No ka kaohi ʻana i ka laha ʻana o ka haki, hana pū mākou i ka DWTT ma -20°C me ka liʻiliʻi he 85% ka nui o ka ʻāpana shear. E ʻoluʻolu e kuhikuhi i kāu mahana hoʻāʻo a me ka ikehu e pono ai.

Q: ʻO wai ke kaʻina hana maikaʻi loa no nā paipu kai X60 - JCOE a i ʻole UOE?
A: Makemake ʻia ʻo UOE no ke kai kūʻono no ka mea e hoʻopuka ana i ka poepoe maikaʻi aʻe (± 0.2% vs ± 0.5% no JCOE) a me ke koʻikoʻi koena haʻahaʻa. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia no ke kū ʻana i ke kaomi hydrostatic o waho (collapse) a no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kahua hilinaʻi ma nā moku moe. Hāʻawi pū ʻo UOE i ka hana luhi maikaʻi aʻe no nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe ikaika. No ka wai pāpaʻu (< 100m) ma uka kokoke i ke kahakai, ua ʻae ʻia ʻo JCOE.

Q: He aha ka manawa alakaʻi maʻamau no ka paipu X60 LSAW?
A: Ka manawa alakaʻi maʻamau no X60 PSL1: 35-50 lā. No X60 PSL2 me ka hoʻāʻo lawelawe ʻawaʻawa a me PWHT: 50-70 lā. Hiki ke kauoha wikiwiki (25-35 lā) no nā nui liʻiliʻi (< 1,000 tons) inā loaʻa ka pā i ka waihona. No nā kauoha nui loa (> 20,000 tons), hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka manawa alakaʻi a hiki i 90 lā.

Q: Ke hāʻawi nei ʻoe i ka nānā ʻana o nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu no nā paipu X60 LSAW?
A: ʻAe. Hana pū mākou me SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, ABS, a me LR. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka nānā ʻana ma kā mākou hale hana i ka wā o ka hana ʻana, me ka ʻike maka ʻia e ka ʻelele o ka mea kūʻai aku. Hoʻopuka mākou i nā palapala hōʻoia EN 10204 Type 3.2 ma ke noi ʻana.

Kuhikuhi Papahana - Laina Kinoea Kūlohelohe o ka Hikina Hema o ʻAsia Hikina

ʻĀina:ʻĀpana palena ʻo Myanmar - Thailand (paipu kinoea mai ke Kai Kūʻono ʻo Martaban a i Thailand)
Kūlana & Papa:API 5L X60 PSL2 (lawelawe ʻawaʻawa, me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o HIC a me SSC)
Nā Ana a me ka Nui:

●OD 813mm (32″) × WT 19.0mm – 36,000 mika (ma kahi o 12,600 tons) i hana ʻia e ke kaʻina hana UOE

●OD 813mm (32″) × WT 22.0mm – 8,000 mika (ma kahi o 3,200 tons) i hana ʻia e ke kaʻina hana UOE (pā mānoanoa no nā keʻa alanui/kaʻaahi)

●OD 610mm (24″) × WT 15.9mm – 12,000 mika (ma kahi o 2,400 tons) i hana ʻia e ke kaʻina hana JCOE (laina lālā i ka hale hana mana)
Huina:56,000 mika (56 km), ma kahi o 18,200 tone

Nā kikoʻī:ʻO ka uhi waho 3LPE (3.0mm ka mānoanoa holoʻokoʻa) e like me ISO 21809, nā wēlau beveled 30° / 1.6mm ke alo aʻa me ka pale bevel kūloko, hydrotest ma 15.0 MPa (kaomi hoʻolālā 11.5 MPa). Ka hopena Charpy i koi ʻia ma 0°C a me -20°C (min 27J, i hoʻokō ʻia 90-140J). HIC no NACE TM0284 Solution A, 96h - ʻae ʻia: CLR ≤ 5%, CTR ≤ 1.5%, CSR ≤ 0.5%. SSC no NACE TM0177 Hana A, 720h - ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka haki ʻana. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo PWHT no nā paipu āpau me WT ≥ 19.0mm. 100% automated UT me TOFD no ka weld seam. Hoʻāʻo Radiographic (RT) no nā laʻana hōʻoia weld kahua.

Noi:Laina kumu kinoea kūlohelohe ma waena o ka palena e lawe ana i ke kinoea mai nā kahua kai ma ke Kai Kūʻono ʻo Martakan (Myanmar) i kahi kikowaena hoʻokipa ma uka ma Thailand, a laila e hele i mua i kahi hale hana mana i hoʻohana ʻia e ke kinoea. Ke hele nei ka ʻāpana 56 km ma uka i ka ʻāina ululāʻau mauna me nā loli kiʻekiʻe koʻikoʻi (a hiki i 400m), me ʻeono mau keʻa alanui nui a me ʻekolu mau keʻa kaʻaahi.

Nā Pilikia ʻenehana a me nā Hoʻonā:

●Ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa no ke kinoea me ka H₂S liʻiliʻi– Aia i loko o ke kinoea kūlohelohe he 5-10 ppm H₂S ma ka mahana hana 55°C. Ua hana ʻo Womic i ka hoʻāʻo HIC a me SSC ma 12 mau ʻāpana hana. Ua hala nā mea a pau me CLR 0%, CTR 0%, CSR 0% no HIC. ʻAʻole i hōʻike ka hoʻāʻo SSC (NACE TM0177, 720h) i ka haki ʻana o ka ʻili. Ua hoʻokō mākou i kēia ma ka mālama ʻana iā CEV ≤ 0.38%, e hoʻopili ana iā PWHT no nā paipu WT 19.0mm a me 22.0mm āpau (ʻoiai ʻaʻole koi ʻo API 5L i ka PWHT ma lalo o 25.4mm), a me ka kaohi ʻana i ka hoʻokomo wela wili i ≤ 2.8 kJ/mm. Ua ʻike maka ka mea nānā o ka mea kūʻai aku (BV) i nā hoʻāʻo a pau a ua hōʻoia i nā hopena.

●ʻĀina mauna me ke kūlou lōʻihi kiʻekiʻe– Aia i loko o ke ala pipeline nā pali a hiki i 25 degere. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kūlou ʻana o nā paipu X60 ma mua o nā pae haʻahaʻa ma muli o ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe. Ua hoʻolako ʻo Womic i nā paipu me nā hui hoʻokahi lōʻihi loa (18m ma kahi o 12m maʻamau) e hōʻemi i ka helu o nā kūlou ʻana o ke kahua ma 33%. Ua hāʻawi pū mākou i kahi geometry bevel kūikawā (bevel hui) i ʻae ʻia no ka ±3° misalignment i ka wā o ka wili ʻana o ke kahua me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wili. Ua paʻa ka ovality i ≤ 0.3% (kaʻina hana UOE) e hōʻoia i ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana ma nā pali.

●Ka kūpaʻa o ka uhi ʻana o 3LPE i loko o ke kaiapuni ululāʻau– ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka haʻahaʻa (80-95% a puni ka makahiki) a me ka lepo laterite abrasive i hoʻopilikia i ka uhi ʻana. Ua hoʻopili ʻo Womic i ka uhi 3LPE me kahi papa mōhai 0.3mm hou aʻe. Ua hana mākou i ka ʻike hoʻomaha 100% ma 7kV (maʻamau 5kV) a ana i ka ikaika o ka ʻili ma 25°C a me 70°C (230 N/cm ma 25°C, 160 N/cm ma 70°C). Ua hala ka uhi ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo disbondment cathodic (≤ 8mm radius ma 65°C, 28 lā).

●ʻO ka logistics palena ʻāina me ka paʻakikī o nā dute– Ua hoʻouna ʻia nā paipu mai Shanghai a i ke awa ʻo Yangon (Myanmar), a laila ua lawe ʻia i 280 km i ka pipeline i pālahalaha kokoke i ka palena ʻo Thai. Hele ke ala ma waena o ʻelua mau wahi nānā dute. Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻo Womic i nā palapala kikoʻī no ka ʻāina (palapala hōʻoia o ke kumu AK, ASEAN-wide). Ua hoʻonohonoho pū mākou i nā palapala hoʻopaʻa lawe mai no ka manawa pōkole e pale aku i ka lohi o ka uku ʻana i ka dute. Ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā dute he 18,200 tons a pau i loko o 5 mau lā.

●Ka mana hoʻokomo wela hoʻoheheʻe paʻa no X60– He ʻike koʻikoʻi ka HAZ a X60 i ka hoʻokomo wela nui ʻana, hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka palupalu a hoʻemi i ka paʻakikī. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Womic i kahi ʻōnaehana SAW uea pālua me ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻokomo wela ma kēlā me kēia ala weld. ʻO ka awelika o ka hoʻokomo wela no ka weld o loko: 2.2 kJ/mm, weld o waho: 2.5 kJ/mm (ma lalo loa o ka palena 3.5 kJ/mm). Ua mālama ʻia ka mahana interpass ma lalo o 200°C. ʻO ka paʻakikī cross-weld ma hope o PWHT: metala kumu 78-82 HRB, weld 82-86 HRB, HAZ 80-84 HRB - aia nā mea a pau i loko o ka palena 90 HRB.

● Hopena:Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka paipu kinoea i ka hapaha 3 o 2024. Ua hala nā paipu X60 PSL2 he 56 km a pau i ka nānā ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao ʻekolu e BV Myanmar. Ua hōʻike ka mea kūʻai aku ʻaʻohe hemahema kuʻihao i ka wā o ka kuʻihao girth kahua (ʻoi aku ma mua o 4,600 mau kuʻihao girth). Ke hana nei ka paipu ma 10.5-11.0 MPa no 12 mau mahina me ka ʻole o nā leaka a i ʻole nā hemahema uhi. Ua loaʻa iā Womic Steel kahi makana "Supplier of the Year" mai ka mea hana ʻaelike EPC Thai no ka lawe ʻana i ka manawa kūpono (nā 18,200 tons a pau i hāʻawi ʻia i loko o 68 mau lā) a me ka hana maikaʻi.

Hoʻokaʻaʻike:
Pūnaewele: www.womicsteel.com
Leka uila: sales@womicsteel.com

Kelepona / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Lanakila: +86 15575100681
ʻO Jack: +86 18390957568

ʻO Womic Steel - ʻO kāu hoa hilinaʻi no nā paipu API 5L X60 LSAW no nā laina kumu kinoea kūlohelohe kiʻekiʻe, nā paipu kai, ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa, a me nā noi arctic ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

Ma mua: ʻO ka API 5L X52 PSL2 Sour Service LSAW Steel Pipe: Nā hiki ke hana a me nā kikoʻī huahana

Aʻe: Paipu kila API 5L X65 LSAW: Nā hiki ke hana a me nā kikoʻī huahana