1. Womic Steel: Nā Mana Hana a me ka Ikaika o ka ʻOihana
He mea hana koʻikoʻi ʻo Womic Steel Group a he mea hoʻopuka aku honua me ka ʻoi aku o 20 mau makahiki o ka ʻike loea i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana tubular kalapona, alloy, a me ke kila kila. ʻO kā mākou hale hana hana paipu SSAW kiʻekiʻe loa e uhi ana i kahi hiki ke hana piha ma mua o 15,000 tons i kēlā me kēia mahina no nā paipu wili ʻāwili i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e lawelawe ana i nā papahana paipu aila a me ke kinoea kiʻekiʻe ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Ka laulā nui o ka hana no ka SSAW Steel Pipe:ʻO ke anawaena o waho mai 219mm a i 3,500mm (8 ʻīniha a i 138 ʻīniha) no ke kaʻina hana SSAW. ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka paia mai 5.0mm a i 25.4mm. ʻO nā lōʻihi hoʻokahi mai 6m a 18m maʻamau, me nā lōʻihi maʻamau a hiki i 60m i loaʻa no nā papahana pipeline a me nā papahana hoʻokumu hohonu.
Nā Palapala Hōʻoia Kūlana a me ka Hoʻokō ʻana i nā Hoʻoponopono:
Hōʻoia ʻia ʻo ISO 9001:2015:ʻŌnaehana Hoʻokele Kūlana no ka hana ʻana o nā paipu SSAW a me nā kaʻina hana kaohi maikaʻi, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻana ma nā hana hana āpau.
Laikini Monogram API 5L:Loaʻa iā Womic Steel ka laikini API 5L no ka hana ʻana i nā Line Pipe, me ka papa X52. Hōʻike ka API Monogram i kā mākou kūpaʻa i nā kūlana ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe loa no nā pipeline hoʻoili aila a me ke kinoea. Hōʻoia nā loiloi API maʻamau e hoʻokō mau ana i nā koi kikoʻī.
Ka Hōʻailona CE (PED 2014/68/EU):Ua kūlike kā mākou mau paipu SSAW me ke Kauoha Laikini Hana Paʻa ʻEulopa (PED) 2014/68/EU. Loaʻa ka māka CE ma ke noi ʻana e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā dute a me ka ʻae ʻana i nā papahana ma loko o ka ʻĀpana Hoʻokele Waiwai ʻEulopa (EEA). Hāʻawi ʻia ka Hōʻike Hana (DoP) no nā huahana maʻamau EN.
Palapala Hōʻoia EN 10204 3.2:Ma waho aʻe o nā Palapala Hōʻoia Hoʻāʻo Wili maʻamau 2.2 a me 3.1, hāʻawi mākou i nā huahana me ka Palapala Nānā 3.2, i hōʻoia ʻia e nā kino ʻaoʻao ʻekolu i ʻae ʻia e EU (TÜV, LR, BV, SGS) no nā papahana paipu koʻikoʻi e pono ai ka hiki ke hahai piha i nā mea a me ka hōʻoia kūʻokoʻa.
Nā ʻae ʻia e ka Nānā ʻAoʻao ʻEkolu (TPI):Ua ʻāpono ʻia a nānā ʻia kā mākou huahana a me nā kaʻina hana e nā keʻena nui o ka honua e like me SGS, BV, ABS, LR, DNV, GL, a me TÜV.
Nā Palapala Hōʻoia ʻē aʻe i loaʻa:ISO 14001:2015, ISO 45001:2018, NORSOK M-650
Hoʻomaopopo Honua:He mea hoʻolako hilinaʻi ʻo Womic Steel i nā ʻoihana EPC honua, nā ʻoihana paipu, a me nā ʻoihana ikehu, e lawelawe ana ma mua o 80 mau ʻāina ma Asia Hikina Hema, ʻEulopa, ka Hikina Waena, ʻApelika, a me ʻAmelika.
2. API 5L X52: Nā ʻano o ka hoʻohuihui ʻana o nā mea a me ka hana
API 5L X52he papa ikaika waena ia ma ke kikoʻī paipu laina API 5L, e hāʻawi ana i ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi loa o 360 MPa (52,200 psi) a me ka ikaika tensile liʻiliʻi loa o 460 MPa (66,700 psi). Hōʻike ka hōʻailona "X" i ka paipu laina ikaika kiʻekiʻe, a hōʻike ʻo "52" i ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi loa ma ksi (tausani paona no ka ʻīniha kuea). Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo X52 no nā paipu hoʻoili aila a me ke kinoea waena a kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā papahana onshore a me offshore e koi ana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma mua o GR.B akā me ka ʻole o ke kumukūʻai o X65 a i ʻole X70.
Hāʻawi ʻo API 5L X52 i ka hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke kahua, ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa no nā ʻano paʻakikī, a me ka lawa ʻana o ka ductility no ke kulou ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me GR.B, hāʻawi ʻo X52 ma kahi o 47% ka ikaika hua kiʻekiʻe aʻe, e ʻae ana i nā paia lahilahi, ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha, a me nā kumukūʻai papahana holoʻokoʻa haʻahaʻa no nā noi kaomi kiʻekiʻe.
ʻAno Kemika (Loiloi Ladle, % ma ke kaumaha):
| ʻElemene | API 5L X52 (Max%) |
| C | 0.24 |
| Mn | 1.40 |
| P | 0.025 |
| S | 0.015 |
| Si | 0.45 |
| V | 0.10 |
| Nb | 0.05 |
| Ti | 0.04 |
Nānā: ʻOi aku ka paʻa o nā palena o ka API 5L X52 ma ka phosphorus a me ka sulfur i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me GR.B, e hopena ana i ka paʻakikī a me ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia. ʻO ka like kalapona (CEV) ka mea maʻamau i kāohi ʻia ma lalo o 0.43% no nā māka PSL2.
Nā Waiwai Mekanika (Mahana o ka Lumi):
| Waiwai | API 5L X52 |
| Ikaika Hāʻawi (min) | 360 MPa (52,200 psi) |
| Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa (min) | 460 MPa (66,700 psi) |
| Hoʻolōʻihi (min) | 21% (no ke anawaena 50mm) |
| Paʻakikī (max) | 90 HRB / 200 HV (PSL2) |
| Paʻakikī o ka hopena (PSL2) | 27 Joules @ 0°C (maʻamau) |
*Nānā: Hāʻawi ʻo API 5L X52 PSL2 i ka paʻakikī hopena i hōʻoia ʻia a me nā palena hoʻohui kemika paʻa, e kūpono ai no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa a me nā noi wela haʻahaʻa. Loaʻa ʻo PSL1 no nā papahana i koi ʻole ʻia.*
Hoʻohālikelike o nā Papa Paipu Laina API 5L:
| Papa | Ikaika Hua (MPa) | Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa (MPa) | Hoʻohana Maʻamau |
| GR.B | 245 | 415 | Nā paipu kaomi maʻamau, wai |
| X42 | 290 | 415 | Nā paipu kaomi waena |
| X52 | 360 | 460 | Nā paipu kaomi kiʻekiʻe, ma uka/ma waho |
| X65 | 450 | 535 | Kaomi kiʻekiʻe, lawelawe ʻawaʻawa |
| X70 | 485 | 570 | Nā paipu kaomi kiʻekiʻe loa |
*Nānā: No ka hapa nui o nā papahana paipu waena a kiʻekiʻe, hāʻawi ʻo API 5L X52 i kahi kaulike maikaʻi loa o ka ikaika, ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia, a me ke kumukūʻai.*
3. Ka laulā Ana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana
Hoʻolako ʻo Womic Steel i nā paipu kila API 5L X52 SSAW ma kahi ākea ākea, kūlike piha me ka API 5L a me nā kūlana honua e pili ana. He kūpono ke kaʻina hana SSAW (Spiral Submerged Arc Welded) no nā noi paipu anawaena nui.
| Mea | Nā kikoʻī |
| Kūlana Maʻamau | API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 (GR.B, X42, X52, X65, X70) |
| Kaʻina Hana Hana | SSAW (Spiral Submerged Arc Welded) - 219mm-3,500mm OD |
| Ka laulā o ke anawaena o waho | 219mm – 3,500mm (8" – 138") |
| Pae Mānoanoa o ka Paia | 5.0mm – 25.4mm |
| Ka laulā lōʻihi | Kūlana maʻamau: 6m, 12m, 18m / Maʻamau: a hiki i ka 60m |
| Hoʻopau i ka hoʻopau ʻana | Wāhi Maʻemaʻe (PE) / Wāhi Beveled (BE) |
| Hoʻopau ʻili | ʻŌlohelohe / ʻAila ʻia / ʻEleʻele i uhi ʻia / 3PE / FBE / Coal Tar Epoxy |
| Nā hoʻomanawanui | OD: ±0.5% / WT: -0% +15% (API) / Lōʻihi: +50mm -0mm |
4. Nā Ana a me nā Kikoʻī i Loaʻa - Paipu Kila API 5L X52 SSAW
Paipu kila SSAW (219mm – 3,500mm OD)
| OD (mm) | Nā Koho Mānoanoa o ka Paia (mm) | Kaumaha (kg/m) | Lōʻihi Maʻamau |
| 219 – 325 | 5.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5 | 26.4 – 96.3 | 6m / 12m |
| 325 – 426 | 5.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0 | 39.5 – 142.2 | 6m / 12m |
| 426 – 530 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0 | 62.1 – 202.8 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 530 – 630 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0 | 77.5 – 271.6 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 630 – 820 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0 | 92.3 – 394.6 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 820 – 1,020 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0 | 160.2 – 541.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 1,020 – 1,220 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 199.8 – 736.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,220 – 1,420 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 298.4 – 859.8 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,420 - 1,620 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 347.7 – 983.2 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,620 - 2,000 | 12.0, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 476.1 – 1,217.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 2,000 – 2,500 | 12.0, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 588.5 – 1,527.2 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 2,500 - 3,000 | 12.0, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 736.5 – 1,841.7 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 3,000 – 3,500 | 12.0, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 883.7 – 2,158.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
Nānā: Loaʻa nā ana maʻamau ma waho o kēia mau pae ma ke noi ʻana. Loaʻa nā anawaena nui aʻe (a hiki i ka 4,000mm / 160") no nā papahana kūikawā.
5. Nā Kūlana Paipu Laina Maʻamau a me ke Kila Kūkulu i hana ʻia e Womic Steel
| Kūlana Maʻamau | Nā Papa kila | Hoʻohana Maʻamau |
| Nā Kūlana Paipu Laina API | ||
| API 5L PSL1 | GR.B, X42, X52, X65, X70 | Paipu laina kūlana maʻamau no ka ʻaila/kinoea/wai |
| API 5L PSL2 | GR.B, X42, X52, X65, X70 | ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi me nā koi hopena a me ka paʻakikī |
| Nā Kūlana Piling ASTM | ||
| ASTM A252 | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 | Nā paila paipu kila no ke kahua hohonu |
| ASTM A500 | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Nā paipu poepoe kūkulu no ka paila ʻana |
| Nā Kūlana Piling EN | ||
| EN 10248 | S235GP, S275GP, S355GP | Hoʻopili ʻia nā pepa kila i ʻōwili wela ʻia a me nā paila paipu |
| EN 10219 | S235JRH, S275JRH, S355JRH, S355J2H | Nā ʻāpana hakahaka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a anu |
| EN 10025 | S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, S355J2 | Ke kila kūkulu ʻōwili wela no ka paila ʻana |
| Nā Kūlana ʻē aʻe | ||
| ISO 3183 | L245, L290, L360, L415, L450, L485 | ʻO ke kūlike o ISO me API 5L |
| JIS G3444 | STK290, STK400, STK490, STK540 | Nā paipu kila kalapona no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā hale |
Hoʻohana:Nā paipu hoʻoili aila a me ke kinoea, nā laina hoʻolako wai kiʻekiʻe, ka lawe ʻana i ka slurry, nā paipu kai, ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kahua hohonu, ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kai, nā kākoʻo kūkulu, nā paipu ʻāina.
6. Kaʻina Hana Hana - Paipu Kila SSAW (Spiral Submerged Arc Welded)
Ke Kaʻina Hana Hana SSAW no ka Paipu Kila (219mm - 3,500mm OD):
Nānā Mea Maka (Coil):Ua hōʻoia ʻia nā wili kila ʻōwili wela e hiki mai ana no ka haku mele kemika, nā waiwai mechanical, a me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili e like me nā kikoʻī API 5L X52. Ua hāʻawi ʻia kēlā me kēia wili i kahi helu wela kū hoʻokahi e hōʻoia i ka hiki ke hahai piha ʻia nā mea ma o ka hana ʻana.
Wehe a hoʻohaʻahaʻa:Hoʻouka ʻia nā wili kila ma luna o ka uncoiler a hānai ʻia ma o kahi mīkini pae pololei e hoʻopalahalaha i ke kaha, e wehe ana i ka hoʻonohonoho wili a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka palahalaha like no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka wili like.
Wili ʻana a me ka ʻoki ʻana i ka lihi:Ua wili ʻia nā ʻaoʻao lōʻihi ʻelua o ke kila kila a ʻokiʻoki ʻia i ka laulā kūpono (± 0.5mm). Hoʻokumu ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao i kahi ʻili maʻemaʻe a like hoʻi e pono ai no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka wili wili kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻokumu ʻana i ka ʻōwili:Hoʻokomo ʻia ke kaha pae i loko o kahi mīkini hana wili ma kahi kihi helix i kāohi ʻia. Hoʻomau ʻia ke kaha i ke ʻano cylindrical wili, me nā ʻaoʻao i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no ka hoʻopili ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ke kihi helix e hoʻokō i nā anawaena like ʻole mai ka laulā wili like.
Kuʻihao Arc Luʻu i loko (SAW):Hoʻopili mua ʻia ke kuʻi wili o loko me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lako hana wili arc i lalo o ka wai me ka hui kūpono o ka flux a me ke kaula. Hoʻonoho ʻia ke poʻo wili i loko o ka paipu e hōʻoia i ka komo pono ʻana.
Kuʻihao Arc i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma waho (SAW):Hoʻopili koke ʻia ke kuʻi ʻōwili waho ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana o loko, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lako kuʻi arc submerged aunoa. Hoʻopau ke kuʻi ʻana o waho i ka kuʻi komo piha a hāʻawi i ka ikaika hou aku.
ʻOki ʻana i ka lōʻihi:ʻOki ʻia ka paipu wili hoʻomau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā lōʻihi i kuhikuhi ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana ʻoki plasma a i ʻole oxygen me ka kaohi lōʻihi pololei (+50mm -0mm no nā kikoʻī o ka paipu).
Hoʻāʻo ʻAʻole Luku (NDT):
Hoʻāʻo Ultrasonic 100% (UT):Nānā ka ʻōnaehana UT aunoa i ka humuhumu weld wili holoʻokoʻa a me ke kino paipu piha no nā laminations, nā inclusions, ka nele o ka fusion, a me nā discontinuities ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻāʻo Radiographic (RT):Nānā ʻana i ka X-ray a i ʻole ka gamma-ray o ke humuhumu weld (kahi a i ʻole ka lōʻihi piha e like me ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia) e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka weld a me ke komo ʻana.
Nānā ʻĀpana Magnetic (MPI):Nānā ʻana i nā manamana wāwae i hoʻopili ʻia a me ka ʻāpana i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka wela no nā māwae ʻili a me nā discontinuities.
Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic:Pono no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka API 5L. Hoʻāʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia paipu ma ke ʻano hydrostatic i ke kaomi i kuhikuhi ʻia (maʻamau 85-100% o ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi i kuhikuhi ʻia).
Hoʻopau hope:Nā wēlau maʻemaʻe (ʻoki huinahā) a i ʻole nā wēlau beveled (30° -35° bevel angle) e like me ka kikoʻī o ka mea kūʻai aku.
Nānā Hope Loa & Māka:Nānā maka no nā kīnā o ka ʻili, ka hōʻoia ʻana o ke ana (OD, WT, ka lōʻihi, ke kū pololei, ke poepoe), a me ka māka mau loa no kēlā me kēia API 5L (me ka papa, ka nui, ka helu wela, ka ʻike o ka mea hana, ka hoʻolālā PSL).
Nā Pōmaikaʻi o ke Kaʻina Hana SSAW no ka Paipu Laina:
1. Ka hiki ke hana i nā anawaena nui loa (a hiki i ka 3,500mm+) mai nā wili laulā maʻamau
2. Ke kaʻina hana hoʻomau no ka pono kiʻekiʻe
3. Kūpono ke kumukūʻai no nā noi paipu anawaena nui
4. Paʻa maikaʻi a me ke ʻano poepoe
7. Nā Kaʻina Hana Hoʻomalu a me ka Hoʻāʻo ʻana no ka Paipu Kila API 5L X52 SSAW
| Kahua | ʻAno Nānā | Kumu |
| Mea Maka (ʻŌwili) | Ka Loiloi Kemika (OES Spectrometer) | E hōʻoia i ka kūlike me nā palena haku mele API 5L X52 |
| Mea Maka (ʻŌwili) | Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka Tensile | E hōʻoia i ka ikaika o ka hua, ka ikaika tensile, ka elongation |
| Mea Maka (ʻŌwili) | Hoʻāʻo Ultrasonic | E ʻike i nā laminations kūloko a me nā hemahema |
| Ke Kaʻina Hana Nei | Nānā Ana (Micrometers) | E nānā i ka OD, WT i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka wili |
| Ke Kaʻina Hana Nei | Nānā Hoʻomākaukau Lihi | E hōʻoia i ke kūlana a me ke kaulike o ka lihi |
| ʻĀpana Weld | Hoʻāʻo Ultrasonic (UT) - Ma ka Pūnaewele | ʻIke i nā discontinuities weld, nele o ka fusion |
| ʻĀpana Weld | Hoʻāʻo Radiographic (RT) | E hōʻoia i ka komo ʻana o ka weld, ka porosity, ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka slag |
| ʻĀpana Weld | Nānā ʻĀpana Magnetic (MPI) | Ka ʻike ʻana i nā māwae ʻili (weld a me HAZ) |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Nānā Ana | E hōʻoia i ka OD, WT, ka lōʻihi, ka pololei, ka poepoe |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic (Pono no ka API 5L) | E hōʻoia i ka pono o ke kaomi e like me nā koi API 5L |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Kūlou Alakaʻi | E hōʻoia i ka ductility a me ke kūpaʻa o ka weld |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Hoʻopālahalaha | E hōʻoia i ka ductility a me ke kūpaʻa o ke kino o ka paipu |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Hopena Charpy V-Notch (PSL2) | E hōʻoia i ka paʻakikī o ka mahana haʻahaʻa (27J @ 0°C) |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Paʻakikī (PSL2) | E hōʻoia i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Nānā ʻIke a me ka ʻIli | E nānā no nā kīnā o ka ʻili, nā laminations, nā māwae |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Ka Hōʻoia ʻana o ka Māka | E hōʻoia i ka māka mau loa no kēlā me kēia API 5L |
Nā Hoʻāʻo Koho no nā Hoʻohana Pipeline Koʻikoʻi:
1. Hoʻāʻo HIC (Hydrogen Induced Cracking) no NACE TM0284 no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa
2. Hoʻāʻo SSC (Sulfide Stress Cracking) no NACE TM0177
3. Hoʻāʻo hopena haʻahaʻa ma -20°C, -40°C, a i ʻole -60°C
4. DWTT (Hoʻāʻo Haehae Kaumaha Hāʻule) no ka paʻakikī o ka haki
5. Hoʻāʻo ʻana o CVN (Charpy V-Notch) ma nā mahana i kuhikuhi ʻia
Palapala Kūlana:
1. Palapala Hoʻāʻo Wili e like me EN 10204 ʻAno 3.1 (a i ʻole 3.2 ma ke noi ʻana)
2. Hōʻike Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic
3. Hōʻike Hoʻāʻo Ultrasonic (weld a me ke kino)
4. Hōʻike Hoʻāʻo Radiographic (inā i kuhikuhi ʻia)
5. Hōʻike Nānā Ana
6. Ka hiki ke hahai ʻia mai ka helu wela a i ka paipu i hoʻopau ʻia
7. Palapala hōʻoia API 5L
8. Nā Hoʻohana Mua - Paipu Kila API 5L X52 SSAW
He mau mea nui nā paipu kila API 5L X52 SSAW i ka hoʻoili ʻaila a me ke kinoea, ka lako wai, a me nā noi kūkulu:
Nā Paipu Hoʻoili ʻAila a me ke Kinoea:Nā paipu hoʻoili mamao loa no ka ʻaila maka, ke kinoea kūlohelohe, a me nā huahana i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia. ʻO ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe o X52 e ʻae ai i nā kaomi hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka mānoanoa o ka paia i hoʻemi ʻia i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me GR.B.
Hoʻolako Wai Kaomi Kiʻekiʻe:Nā paipu hoʻoili wai anawaena nui no ka hoʻolako wai kūlanakauhale, nā ʻōnaehana wai ʻoihana, a me nā papahana ʻauwai e pono ai nā helu kaomi kiʻekiʻe.
Nā Paipu Wai ma waho o ke Kai:Nā paipu wai ma lalo o ka moana no ka halihali ʻaila a me ke kinoea mai nā kahua ma waho a i nā hale ma uka. Hāʻawi ʻo X52 i ka hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia a me ka paʻakikī no ke kau ʻana ma waho.
Ka Halihali ʻAila:Ka halihali ʻana i nā lepo mineral, nā tailings, a me nā mea i kālai ʻia i ka wā e hana ana i ka mining a me ka dredging kahi e pono ai ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻopili ʻana i nā paila kūkulu:Nā paila amo no nā alahaka, nā hale, a me nā hale ʻoihana e pono ai ka ikaika ʻoi aku ma mua o nā pae paila maʻamau.
Kahua Paepae Moana a me ke Kahua Mokulele:Nā paila kahua no nā kahua kai a me nā turbine makani kahi e hoʻemi ai ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe i ke kaumaha o ka paila a hoʻoneʻe hohonu.
Nā Paipu Hana ʻĀina:ʻO nā paipu wai ma uka e hele ana ma ka ʻāina paʻakikī kahi e koʻikoʻi ai ka ikaika o ka paipu no ka palekana a me ka hilinaʻi.
Paipu kikowaena Compressor:Nā paipu kikowaena ma nā kikowaena compressor a me nā kikowaena pamu e pono ai nā pae kaomi kiʻekiʻe.
9. Hoʻopili a me ka hoʻouna ʻana - Paipu kila API 5L X52 SSAW
Hoʻopili ʻia a hoʻouna ʻia nā paipu kila API 5L X52 SSAW me ke akahele loa e hōʻoia i ko lākou palekana i ka wā e lawe ʻia ai. Eia ka wehewehe ʻana o ke kaʻina hana hoʻopili a me ka hoʻouna ʻana no nā paipu SSAW nui ke anawaena:
Pūʻolo:
Uhi Palekana:Ma mua o ka hoʻopili ʻana, hiki ke uhi ʻia nā paipu me kahi papa lahilahi o ka ʻaila anti-rust a i ʻole ka varnish pale e pale aku i ka palaho o ka ʻili a me ka oxidation i ka wā e mālama ai a me ka lawe ʻana. Loaʻa pū ka hoʻopau ʻōlohelohe no ka hoʻopili koke ʻana i ka wahi i hele ʻia ai.
Hoʻopili ʻana (Nā Diameters Liʻiliʻi):No nā paipu liʻiliʻi ke anawaena (ma lalo o 610mm / 24"), ua hoʻopili ʻia nā paipu i loko o nā puʻupuʻu hexagonal a i ʻole rectangular. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaula kila (ma ke ʻano he 3-5 mau kaula no kēlā me kēia puʻupuʻu me nā pale kihi pale).
Hoʻomoe pākahi (Nui ke anawaena):No nā paipu anawaena nui aʻe (ma luna o 610mm / 24"), lawelawe ʻia a hoʻouna ʻia nā paipu pākahi. ʻO ka ʻūpā lāʻau a i ʻole ka padding laholio i kau ʻia ma waena o nā papa paipu e pale aku i ka ʻānai ʻana a me ka hōʻino ʻana o ka uhi ʻana.
Nā Pale Hopena:Hoʻokomo ʻia nā poʻi hopena palaki a kila paha ma nā wēlau ʻelua o kēlā me kēia paipu e pale i nā wēlau beveled, nā wēlau maʻemaʻe mai ka pōʻino o ka hopena, ke komo ʻana o nā ʻōpala, a me ka makū.
Ka Hoʻopili ʻana a me ka Cushioning:No nā kauoha hoʻokuʻu aku kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa e like me nā apo huʻa, nā ʻāpana laholio, a i ʻole ka ʻōpala lāʻau ma waena o nā papa paipu e pale aku ai i ka ʻānai ʻana a me ka hōʻino ʻana o ka uhi ʻana.
Hoʻouna ʻana:
ʻAno o ka halihali:Hoʻouna ʻia nā paipu ma o nā moku ipu (nā ipu 20 kapuaʻi a i ʻole 40 kapuaʻi no nā anawaena liʻiliʻi), nā mea lawe ukana nui (nā mea haki no nā anawaena nui a me nā nui nui), a i ʻole ka ukana kaʻaahi.
Ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā ipu (Nā anawaena liʻiliʻi):No nā paipu liʻiliʻi ke anawaena (ma lalo o 508mm / 20"), hoʻouka ʻia nā paipu i loko o nā pahu hoʻouna maʻamau 20ft a i ʻole 40ft.
Ka Hoʻouka ʻana i nā Mokulele Nui (Nui ke Anawaena a me nā Leo Nui):No nā kauoha nui (maʻamau >500 tons) a i ʻole nā paipu anawaena nui (ma luna o 508mm / 20"), hoʻouka pololei ʻia nā paipu i loko o nā mea lawe nui a i ʻole nā moku me nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia.
Nā Pahu Papaha a i ʻole nā Pahu Luna Hāmama:No nā paipu i ʻoi aku ma mua o nā ana o ka pahu maʻamau (ka lōʻihi >12m a i ʻole ke anawaena >2.3m), hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pahu papa pālahalaha a i ʻole nā pahu luna hāmama.
Ka Lepili a me ka Palapala:Ua lepili maopopo ʻia kēlā me kēia pūʻolo a paipu paha me ka ʻike koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka pae mea, ke kūlana, nā ana, ka helu wela, ka helu pūʻolo/paipu, a me nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi no ka lawelawe ʻana.
Hoʻokō ʻana i nā Dute:Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā palapala dute a pau e pono ai—ka bila kūʻai, ka papa inoa hoʻopili, ka bila ukana, ka Palapala Hoʻomaka, nā Palapala Hōʻoia Hoʻāʻo Hale Wili.
Hoʻopaʻa Paʻa:Hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia nā puʻupuʻu a me nā paipu pākahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaula kila, nā ʻeke dunnage, ke kākoʻo lāʻau, a i ʻole ke kaulahao.
Ka Nānā ʻana a me ka Nānā ʻana:Hāʻawi nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopaʻa logistics holomua i nā mea hou o ka wahi i ka manawa maoli.
ʻInikua:Hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ʻinikua ukana moana (All Risk a i ʻole Me ka Average coverage).
I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, hōʻoia ʻo Womic Steel ua hoʻopili ʻia nā paipu kila API 5L X52 SSAW āpau me nā hana pale alakaʻi ʻoihana a hoʻouna ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano halihali hilinaʻi.
10. Nā Pōmaikaʻi o ke kila Womic & FAQ - Paipu kila API 5L X52 SSAW
No ke aha e hui pū ai me Womic Steel no ka paipu kila API 5L X52 SSAW?
Ka nui piha o nā nui:ʻO ke kaʻina hana SSAW e uhi ana i 219mm a i 3,500mm OD, ka mānoanoa o ka paia a hiki i 25.4mm, ka lōʻihi a hiki i 60m no nā papahana paipu a me nā piling.
Laikini Monogram API 5L:Hoʻokō piha me nā koi API 5L PSL1 a me PSL2. Hōʻoia nā loiloi API maʻamau i ka hoʻokō mau ʻana i ka maikaʻi.
Ka hiki ʻana o PSL2:Hoʻolako i ka papa PSL2 me ka paʻakikī hopena i hōʻoia ʻia a me nā palena hoʻohui kemika koʻikoʻi no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa a me nā noi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Nā lawelawe waiwai i hoʻohui ʻia:Ke beveling ʻana o ka hopena, ka ʻoki ʻana i ka hopena maʻemaʻe, ka uhi pale (FBE, 3LPE, Coal Tar Epoxy), a me ka ʻōwili anti-corrosion.
Ka hiki ke lōʻihi:A hiki i ka 60m ka lōʻihi hoʻokahi no nā papahana pipeline, e hōʻemi ana i nā koi wili kahua.
Hoʻokūkū Logistics:ʻO ka hui pū ʻana me nā mea hoʻouna ukana honua e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hoʻouna ʻana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa me ke kumukūʻai kūpono.
Palapala Hoʻopihapiha:Nā Palapala Hōʻoia Hoʻāʻo Wili Piha (EN 10204 ʻAno 3.1 a i ʻole 3.2), nā hōʻike hoʻāʻo hydrostatic, nā hōʻike NDT, nā hōʻike dimensional, a me nā palapala traceability.
E koho i ka Womic Steel Group ma ke ʻano he hoa hilinaʻi no nā paipu kila API 5L X52 SSAW kiʻekiʻe no nā papahana pipeline, moana, a me ke kahua hohonu ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Welina mai e nīnau!
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Nā Nīnau i Nīnau Pinepine ʻia (FAQ) - Paipu Kila API 5L X52 SSAW
Q: He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o API 5L X52 PSL1 a me PSL2?
A: ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā palena hoʻohui kemika o PSL2 (haʻahaʻa C, P, S), nā koi paʻakikī hopena (27J @ 0°C), nā palena paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa (no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa), a me nā hoʻāʻo ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ʻaʻole luku. He kūpono ʻo PSL1 no nā noi pipeline maʻamau me ka ʻole o nā koi lawelawe haʻahaʻa a haʻahaʻa paha. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo PSL2 no nā noi ma waho o ke kai, lawelawe ʻawaʻawa, a me nā noi haʻahaʻa.
Q: He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o X52 a me GR.B?
A: ʻO ka ikaika haʻahaʻa loa o X52 he 360 MPa, ʻoiai ʻo GR.B he 245 MPa. Hāʻawi ʻo X52 i kahi ikaika kiʻekiʻe aʻe ma kahi o 47%, e ʻae ana i nā paia lahilahi, ke kaumaha i hoʻemi ʻia, a me nā kaomi hana kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa iā X52 nā palena hoʻohui kemika paʻa no ka paʻakikī maikaʻi a me ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia.
Q: He aha ke anawaena kiʻekiʻe loa o ka paipu SSAW hiki iā ʻoe ke hana ma X52?
A: Hiki iā mākou ke hana i ka paipu X52 SSAW a hiki i ka 3,500mm (138 ʻīniha) ke anawaena o waho. No nā anawaena a hiki i ka 4,000mm (160 ʻīniha), e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou no ka loiloi hiki o ka papahana kūikawā.
Q: He aha nā koho uhi e loaʻa ana no ka paipu laina X52?
A: Hāʻawi mākou iā FBE (Fusion Bonded Epoxy), 3LPE (Three Layer Polyethylene), 3LPP (Three Layer Polypropylene), Coal Tar Epoxy, a me Liquid Epoxy. No ka hapa nui o nā noi pipeline, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka uhi ʻana o 3LPE a i ʻole FBE.
Q: Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolako i ka paipu X52 me ka nānā ʻana o nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu (SGS, BV, TÜV)?
A: ʻAe. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mākou i nā nānā ʻana e SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, ABS, LR, a i ʻole kekahi ʻelele i koho ʻia e ka mea kūʻai aku i ka wā o ka hana ʻana a ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana. 3.2 hāʻawi mau ʻia nā palapala hōʻoia nānā ma ke noi.
Q: He aha ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ʻaʻole luku (NDT) i hāʻawi ʻia no ka paipu X52 SSAW?
A: ʻO ka NDT maʻamau e komo pū ana me ka 100% Ultrasonic Testing (UT) o ka weld seam a me ke kino paipu, ka nānā ʻana i ka Radiographic Testing (RT), a me ka hoʻāʻo hydrostatic mandatory no kēlā me kēia API 5L. Loaʻa ka MPI a me nā UT hou aʻe ma ke noi.
Q: He aha ka manawa alakaʻi maʻamau no ka paipu kila API 5L X52 SSAW?
A: ʻO nā manawa alakaʻi maʻamau ma kahi o 30-45 mau lā no ka hana ʻana o SSAW, ma muli o ka nui o ke kauoha, ke anawaena, ka mānoanoa o ka paia, a me nā koi PSL. Loaʻa paha nā kauoha wikiwiki (20-30 mau lā) no nā nui liʻiliʻi.
Q: He aha nā palapala i hāʻawi ʻia me kēlā me kēia ukana?
A: Palapala Hoʻāʻo Wili (EN 10204 ʻAno 3.1), Hōʻike Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic, Hōʻike Nānā Ana, Nā Hōʻike UT, Nā Hōʻike RT (inā i kuhikuhi ʻia), Palapala Traceability, Papa Inoa Hoʻopaʻa, Bila Kūʻai, a me ka Palapala Hoʻomaka.
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