Paipu ʻAʻahu Metallurgical Bimetal X65MS+Incoloy 825 | Paipu Laina ʻAi ʻawaʻawa CRA no ke Kaiapuni H₂S & CO₂ – Kiʻi Hoʻohanohano ʻia ʻo Womic Steel

Paipu ʻAʻahu Metallurgical Bimetal X65MS+Incoloy 825 | Paipu Laina ʻAwaʻawa CRA no ke Kaiapuni H₂S & CO₂ – Womic Steel

Wehewehe Pōkole:

Paipu Waho (Kila Hoʻopaʻa):API 5L X65MS (PSL2) - papa lawelawe ʻawaʻawa, kalapona haʻahaʻa, sulfur haʻahaʻa, paʻakikī i kāohi ʻia, kū i ka SSC

ʻO ka uhi o loko (CRA Cladding):ʻO Incoloy 825 (UNS N08825) - nickel-hao-chromium alloy me ka molybdenum, keleawe, titanium; kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka H₂S, CO₂, chlorides, a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā waikawa

Ka laulā nui:OD 219mm - 1016mm (8″ - 40″); Mānoanoa o ka paia kila kākoʻo 10mm - 30mm; Mānoanoa o ka uhi ʻana 2.0mm - 3.5mm; Loaʻa ka lōʻihi hoʻokahi a hiki i ka 18m (loaʻa ka 24m maʻamau)

Kaʻina Hana Hana:Hoʻopaʻa ʻōwili wela + hoʻokumu ʻana o JCOE - ikaika ʻokiʻoki o ka pilina metallurgical ≥200 MPa; uhi weld ma luna o ke kuʻi

Nā Kūlana a me nā Palapala Hōʻoia:API SPEC 5LD (CRA Clad Steel Pipe), DNV-OS-F101, NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 (kūlike me SSC/HIC), ISO 13623. Palapala Hoʻopaʻa Wili EN 10204 ʻAno 3.1/3.2. Loaʻa ka nānā ʻana mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu (SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV, ABS, LR).

Nā noi:Nā paipu kinoea ʻawaʻawa pulu, nā ʻōnaehana hōʻiliʻili kinoea H₂S kiʻekiʻe, nā lua hoʻokomo kinoea ʻakika (nā laina kahe o ka ʻili), nā laina hānai hale hana sulfur Claus, ka hoʻolei wai CO₂−H₂S kiʻekiʻe.

Womic Steelhoʻolako i ka paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka metallurgically bonded X65MS+Incoloy 825 - ka hopena i hōʻoia ʻia no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa koʻikoʻi. Kūlike ke kila kākoʻo me ka paʻakikī NACE MR0175 ≤248 HV; Kūʻē ka uhi ʻana o Incoloy 825 iā SSC, HIC, a me ka palaho H₂S/CO₂/Cl⁻ maʻamau. Palapala piha ʻia a mākaukau ka nānā ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao ʻekolu.

E leka uila mai iā mākou Nā kikoʻī huahana

Nā kikoʻī huahana

Nā Lepili Huahana

1. ʻIke Laulā - No ke aha ʻo X65MS+Incoloy 825 no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa

ʻO ke kinoea ʻawaʻawa pulu - aia ka hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), carbon dioxide (CO₂), a me nā chloride pinepine - kekahi o nā wahi ʻino loa no nā paipu kila kalapona. Hoʻopau koke ke kila X65 maʻamau ma muli oka haki ʻana o ke kaumaha sulfide (SSC)a meka haki ʻana o ka hydrogen (HIC).

Paipu ʻaʻahu bimetal X65MS+Incoloy 825ua hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia no ia mau kūlana:

● Ke kila kākoʻo X65MS wahohe mana hoʻololi ʻia o X65 me ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa. He haʻahaʻa kona kalapona (≤0.10%), haʻahaʻa ka sulfur (≤0.002%), a me ka paʻakikī i kāohi ʻia (≤248 HV) e kūʻē iā SSC a me HIC e like me ka mea i koi ʻia e NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156.

●ʻO ka uhi ʻana o loko o Incoloy 825 (UNS N08825)he mea hoʻohuihui nickel ia e loaʻa ana he 38-46% Ni, 19-23% Cr, 2.5-3.5% Mo, me ke keleawe a me ka titanium. Kūpaʻa ia i ka H₂S, CO₂, nā chlorides kiʻekiʻe, ka sulfur elemental, a me nā waikawa organik ma kahi pH ākea a me ka pae mahana.

Hoʻohui mau ʻia nā papa ʻelua e kahi pilina metallurgical (wela roll bonding + JCOE forming). ʻAʻole e like me ka paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka mīkini, aiaʻaʻohe pilikia o ka hiolo ʻana o ka liner, ka wrinkling, a i ʻole ka crevice corrosion ma ka interface.

ʻO kēia hui pū ʻana ke kūlana ʻoihana noka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ke kinoea ʻawaʻawa ma uka,nā laina kahe o ka injection gas waikawa (AGI),Nā laina hānai mea kanu Claus, a menā lua hoʻolei kiʻekiʻe.

2. Nā Hiʻohiʻona Koʻikoʻi a me nā Pōmaikaʻi

Hiʻona	Pōmaikaʻi
Kākoʻo lawelawe ʻawaʻawa X65MS	Kūlike ʻo NACE MR0175 - paʻakikī ≤248 HV, kū i ka SSC/HIC
ʻO ka uhi ʻana o Incoloy 825	Kūʻē i ka H₂S, CO₂, chlorides, sulfur, organic acids - PREN 30 35
Hoʻopaʻa metallurgical piha	ʻAʻohe hiolo ʻana o ka liner / delamination - ikaika shear ≥200 MPa
Ola lawelawe lōʻihi	ʻO ka maʻamau he 25-30 mau makahiki i ka lawelawe kinoea ʻawaʻawa
Mālama kālā	40-60% ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka paipu Incoloy 825 paʻa a i ʻole Alloy 625
Palapala piha	EN 10204 3.1/3.2; Hōʻike kūlike NACE; UT, MT, nā moʻolelo hoʻāʻo hydro

3. ʻIkepili loea a me nā kikoʻī mea hana

3.1 Ka Hoʻohui Kemika (%)

ʻElemene	Kākoʻo X65MS (maximum)	ʻO Incoloy 825 Cladding (maʻamau)
Kalapona (C)	0.10	≤0.05
Silika (Si)	0.45	≤0.50
Manganese (Mn)	1.35	≤1.00
ʻO ka phosphorus (P)	0.020	≤0.030
Sulfur (S)	0.002	≤0.015
Chromium (Cr)	0.30	19.5 – 23.5
Nikala (Ni)	0.30	38.0 – 46.0
Molibdenum (Mo)	0.15	2.5 – 3.5
Keleawe (Cu)	0.20	1.5 – 3.0
Titanium (Ti)	0.04	0.6 – 1.2
Vanadium (V)	0.08	—
Niobium (Nb)	0.05	—

3.2 Nā Waiwai Mekanika

Waiwai	Kākoʻo X65MS	ʻO ke kāʻei ʻo Incoloy 825
Ikaika Hāʻawi (min, MPa)	450	240 (hoʻoheheʻe ʻia)
Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa (min, MPa)	535	550
Elongation (min, %)	18	30
Paʻakikī (max, HV10)	248 no kēlā me kēia NACE	240
Ka hopena (Charpy, 0°C, min J)	100 (ʻawelika)	—

3.3 Hoʻopili ʻana o ka pilina a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka palaho

Palena	Koi	Nā memo
Ikaika ʻokiʻoki	≥200 MPa	API 5LD
Ka pono o ka palapala hoʻopaʻa UT	ʻAʻohe hemo >50mm	100% scan
Ke kū'ē ʻana o SSC	Ke kila kākoʻo: NACE TM0177 Ke ʻano A	ʻAʻohe haki ma 80% SMYS
Ke kū'ē ʻana o HIC	Ke kila kākoʻo: NACE TM0284	CLR ≤15%, CTR ≤5%, CSR ≤2%
ʻO ka lua ʻana o Incoloy 825	PREN = Cr+3.3Mo+16N ≈ 30-35	Kūpaʻa a hiki i 150°C i nā chlorides kiʻekiʻe

3.4 Pae Ana (Maʻamau)

OD ('īniha/mm)	Paona Kākoʻo (mm)	Ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka uhi ʻana (mm)	Ka lōʻihi loa (m)
8″ (219.1)	10.0 – 18.0	2.0 – 2.5	18
10″ (273.1)	10.0 – 20.0	2.0 – 2.5	18
12″ (323.9)	12.0 – 22.0	2.0 – 3.0	18
16″ (406.4)	12.0 – 25.0	2.5 – 3.0	18
20″ (508.0)	12.0 – 28.0	2.5 – 3.0	18
24″ (609.6)	14.0 – 30.0	2.5 – 3.0	18
30″ (762.0)	14.0 – 30.0	3.0 – 3.5	18
40″ (1016.0)	16.0 – 32.0	3.0 – 3.5	18

Loaʻa nā nui maʻamau ma ke noi.

4. Kaʻina Hana Hana - Hoʻopili ʻōwili wela + JCOE

ʻO ke kaʻina hana hana no ka paipu X65MS + Incoloy 825 e hahai pono ana i ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo maikaʻi o ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa:

●Koho mea a me ka hōʻoia ʻana– Loaʻa ka papa X65MS a me ka papa Incoloy 825 mai nā wili i ʻāpono ʻia. Ua hōʻoia ʻia ka kemika OES a me ka paʻakikī.

● Hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka ʻili– Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā papa ʻelua a wili ʻia e wehe i ka unahi a me ka ʻokikene.

● Hoʻomoe ʻana i ka mīkini hoʻomaʻemaʻe– Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā papa (Incoloy 825 i loko), ua sila ʻia nā ʻaoʻao ma lalo o ka vacuum (≤10 Pa) e pale aku i ka oxidation i ka wā e hoʻomehana ai.

● ʻŌwili wela– Hoʻomehana ʻia ka puʻu i 1180-1250°C, ʻōwili ʻia ma ka lakio hōʻemi kiʻekiʻe (≥5:1). Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pilina metallurgical ma o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka atomika.

● Nānā ʻana i ka papa i uhi ʻia– 100% ultrasonic scanning no ka pono o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana.

● Hoʻokumu ʻana o JCOE– Ua wili ʻia ka papa i uhi ʻia me kahi ʻaoʻao hehi ʻia, a laila hana ʻia i loko o ka paipu hāmama ma o nā mea paʻi JCO.

● Kuʻi humuhumu lōʻihi– Ka ʻaoʻao hoʻoheheʻe o loko me ka mea hoʻopihapiha Incoloy 625; nā ʻaoʻao o waho me ka mea hoʻopihapiha kila kalapona haʻahaʻa. ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe i kūpono i ka NACE/API 5LD.

● ʻUhi Weld (ʻōwili koho)– Hiki ke uhi ʻia ka humuhumu wili o loko me Incoloy 625 no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke kūpaʻa i ka pala.

● Ka mālama wela– Hoʻomaha i ke kaumaha (PWHT) inā koi ʻia e ke code hoʻolālā; inā ʻaʻole, ʻaʻohe mālama wela e mālama i nā waiwai lawelawe kila kākoʻo.

● NDT a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana– E nānā i ka Paukū 5.

● Hoʻopau i ka hoʻopau ʻana– Nā wēlau bevel + ʻaila anti-popo + nā pāpale palakiko.

5. Ka Mana Hoʻomalu a me ka Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka Kūlana - Sour Service Focus

Ua hoʻāʻo nui ʻia ka paipu ʻaʻahu X65MS+Incoloy 825 e hōʻoia i ka pono o ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa.

Hoʻāʻo	ʻAno Hana / Kūlana	Ka laulā	ʻAe ʻia
Kemika a me ka paʻakikī (kākoʻo ʻana)	ʻOES + HV10	ʻO kēlā me kēia wela	X65MS kikoʻī; paʻakikī ≤248 HV
Paʻakikī (pale ʻana)	HV10	Kēlā me kēia pūʻulu	≤240 HV
Bond UT	Nā nalu kino piha, ʻokiʻoki a me nā nalu lōʻihi	100%	ʻAʻohe hemo >50mm; huina <2%
Humuhumu Weld UT	Pūʻulu pae hana aunoa	100%	API 5LD / DNV F101
Weld MT / PT	ʻĀpana makeneka / mea hoʻoheheʻe kala	Hoʻomaka-hoʻōki Weld, lōʻihi piha	ʻAʻohe hōʻailona linear
Hoʻāʻo tensile a me ke kūlou	ʻO ka weld transverse + ka ʻokiʻoki hoʻopaʻa	No kēlā me kēia pūʻulu (≤50 paipu)	Ka hāʻule ʻana ma waho o ka weld / bond
Ka hopena Charpy (kākoʻo ʻana)	-20°C a i ʻole -40°C	No kēlā me kēia wela	≥100 J awelika
Hoʻāʻo SSC (kākoʻo ʻana)	NACE TM0177 Hana A (tensile)	No kēlā me kēia wela / no kēlā me kēia papahana	ʻAʻohe haki ma 80% SMYS
Hoʻāʻo HIC (kākoʻo ʻana)	NACE TM0284	No kēlā me kēia wela / no kēlā me kēia papahana	CLR ≤15%, CTR ≤5%, CSR ≤2%
Hoʻāʻo hydrostatic	1.5× kaomi hoʻolālā	Kēlā me kēia paipu	ʻAʻohe leakage
Ana a me ka ʻike maka	Laser / calipers / ʻike maka	100%	OD, WT, lōʻihi, bevel

Nā hoʻāʻo hou aʻe ma ke noi:

● Ke kū'ē ʻana o ka lua (CPT / CCT) no Incoloy 825

● ʻO ka palaho intergranular (ASTM A262) no ka uhi weld

● ʻO ka nui o ka Ferrite (no ka metala wili ʻia)

6. Nā noi maʻamau a me ka ʻike papahana

6.1 Hōʻuluʻulu Kinoea Kiʻekiʻe-H₂S ma ka ʻĀina

Wahi:ʻO ke kahawai ʻo Sichuan, Kina (H₂S 8-15%, CO₂ 5-8%, nā chlorides waena)
Nā kikoʻī o ka paipu:X65MS+Incoloy 825, OD 323.9mm, kākoʻo WT 14.3mm, uhi ʻia 2.5mm
Pahuhopu ola lawelawe:30 mau makahiki. Hāʻawi ʻia he 47 km i nā NOC nui. I ka lawelawe ʻana mai ka makahiki 2019 - ʻaʻohe hemahema e pili ana i ka pala.

6.2 Ka Laina Hoʻoheheʻe Kinoea ʻAkika (AGI)

Wahi:Ma waho o ka Hikina Waena (H₂S + CO₂ + nā klorida kiʻekiʻe)
Paʻakikī:He ʻino loa ka wai i hoʻomāʻū ʻia.
Hoʻonā:Paipu ʻūpā ʻia ʻo X65MS+Incoloy 825, OD 406.4mm, uhi ʻia ʻo 3.0mm.
Hopena:Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ma ke ʻano he laina kahe mai luna a i ke poʻo luawai; ua hala i ka hōʻoia NACE TM0177 a me TM0284.

6.3 Claus Plant Feed Line (Elemental Sulfur Service)

Wahi:Hale hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻia o ke kahakai ʻo Gulf, USA
Pilikia:Ua hoʻoulu ka sulfur wai + ka HCl liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻouka wikiwiki ʻana i ke kila kalapona.
Hoʻonā:Paipu ʻaʻahu ʻia ʻo X65MS+Incoloy 825 (12″ OD, ʻaʻahu ʻia ʻo 2.8mm).
Hopena:8 mau makahiki o ka lawelawe ʻana me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino ʻia ʻana o ka liner a i ʻole ke kākoʻo ʻana i ke kila.

7. No ke aha e koho ai i ke kila Womic no ka paipu ʻaʻahu lawelawe ʻawaʻawa?

Kumu	Nā kikoʻī
Kūikawā i nā mea ʻawaʻawa	ʻIke nui i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pā X65MS paʻakikī haʻahaʻa a me Incoloy 825
Ka ʻike loea NACE i loko o ka hale	Hiki i ka hui loea ke hoʻomākaukau i nā waihona hoʻokō NACE piha
Ka hiki ke hahai piha ʻia	Mai nā helu wela o nā papa ʻelua a hiki i ka hoʻāʻo hydro hope loa
Ka manawa alakaʻi pōkole	12-16 mau pule no nā nui maʻamau (nā kauoha hou 10-12 mau pule)
ʻAe ʻia e ka ʻaoʻao ʻekolu honua	E hana pū me DNV, BV, TÜV, SGS no ka nānā ʻana i nā mea hōʻike a me nā palapala hōʻoia 3.2
Kumukūʻai hoʻokūkū	40-60% emi ma mua o ka paipu Alloy 825 paʻa a i ʻole Inconel 625

8. Nā Nīnau i Nīnau Pinepine ʻia (FAQ)

Q1: He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o X65 a me X65MS?
A: He hoʻololi "lawelawe ʻawaʻawa" ʻo X65MS o X65. Loaʻa iā ia ka kalapona haʻahaʻa (≤0.10%), ka sulfur haʻahaʻa loa (≤0.002%), ka mana paʻakikī paʻa (≤248 HV), a me ka hoʻāʻo SSC/HIC i koi ʻia e like me NACE MR0175. ʻAʻole kūpono ka X65 maʻamau no ka H₂S pulu.

Q2: No ke aha e hoʻohana ai iā Incoloy 825 ma kahi o 316L a i ʻole duplex no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa?
A: Loaʻa i ka Incoloy 825 ka nickel kiʻekiʻe (38-46%), kahi e hāʻawi ai i ke kū'ē maikaʻi loa i ka SCC a me SSC i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka chloride. Kū'ē pū ia i nā waikawa hoʻemi (e laʻa, HCl) a me ka sulfur elemental - nā kūlana kahi e hāʻule ai ka 316L a me ka duplex. No ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa koʻikoʻi loa (H₂S kiʻekiʻe + chlorides kiʻekiʻe + elemental S), ʻo Incoloy 825 ka CRA haʻahaʻa loa i ʻae ʻia.

Q3: Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻaʻahu Incoloy 825 iā ia iho a i ʻole i ke kila kalapona?
A: ʻAe. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻo Incoloy 825 e GTAW (TIG), GMAW (MIG), a me SMAW. No ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka cladding i ka cladding, e hoʻohana i ka metala hoʻopihapiha Alloy 82 / 82i (ERNiCr-3) a i ʻole Alloy 625 (ERNiCrMo-3). No ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka cladding i ke kila kalapona (e laʻa, ka uhi weld), e hoʻohana i kahi papa waena o Alloy 309L a i ʻole 625 e pale aku i ka dilution a me ka haki ʻana.

Q4: Ua kūpaʻa anei ka wili longitudinal seam i ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa?
A: ʻAe. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o loko me ka mea hoʻopihapiha Incoloy 625 (ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka Ni, Cr, Mo ma mua o 825). Hāʻawi kēia uhi hoʻopili i ka pale ʻana i ka palaho like a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o ka uhi 825. Ua nānā ʻia ka hoʻopili holoʻokoʻa me 100% NDT a ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka paʻakikī.

Q5: He aha nā palapala hōʻoia i hāʻawi ʻia no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa?
A: Hoʻopuka mākou i nā palapala hōʻoia EN 10204 Type 3.1/3.2 e komo pū ana me ka loiloi wela o ke kila kākoʻo, ka paʻakikī, nā hōʻike hoʻāʻo SSC a me HIC (inā hana ʻia), a me ka ana ʻana o ka paʻakikī weld. Ma ke noi ʻana, hāʻawi mākou i kahi leka hoʻokō NACE MR0175.

Q6: He aha ka manawa alakaʻi maʻamau no ka paipu ʻaʻahu X65MS + Incoloy 825?
A: Kauoha mua: 14-18 pule (e komo pū ana me ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea lawelawe ʻawaʻawa a me ka hōʻoia). Nā kauoha hou: 10-12 pule. Hiki i ka nānā ʻana o ke kolu o ka ʻaoʻao ke hoʻohui i 1-2 pule.

Q7: Hiki iā Womic Steel ke hoʻolako i ka paipu Inconel 625 ma kahi o Incoloy 825?
A: ʻAe. No nā kūlana ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī (wela kiʻekiʻe, H₂S kiʻekiʻe, chlorides kiʻekiʻe), hāʻawi mākou i ka paipu i uhi ʻia me X65MS+Inconel 625 (UNS N06625). ʻOi aku ka ikaika o Inconel 625 a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kū'ē ʻana i ka pitting (PREN >45). E kelepona mai iā mākou no kahi ʻikepili ʻokoʻa.