Paipu Metallurgical Clad T91+Alloy 28 Bimetal | Paipu Seamless Kūpaʻa Mahana Kiʻekiʻe + Corrosion - Kiʻi Hiʻona Womic Steel

Paipu ʻAʻahu Metallurgical T91+Alloy 28 Bimetal | Paipu Seamless Kūpaʻa Mahana Kiʻekiʻe + Corrosion – Womic Steel

Wehewehe Pōkole:

Paipu ʻili wiliwili T91+Alloy 28 i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka metallurgically. Hāʻawi ka T91 waho (X10CrMoVNb9-1) i ka ikaika kolo a hiki i ka 650°C; kūʻē ka Alloy 28 o loko (UNS N08028) i nā chloride kiʻekiʻe, ka waikawa sulfuric/phosphoric, a me nā kūlana ʻawaʻawa. Hana ʻia e ka hoʻolei centrifugal + extrusion wela - wiliwili piha, ʻaʻohe weld longitudinal. Kūpono no nā ʻōmole superheater, nā paila wela ʻōpala, nā mea hoʻololi wela kemika kiʻekiʻe.

E leka uila mai iā mākou Nā kikoʻī huahana

Nā kikoʻī huahana

Nā Lepili Huahana

Waho (Kākoʻo)

Waho (Paʻa):T91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1 / 1.4903 / A213 T91) - kila kūpaʻa kolo martensitic, lawelawe kiʻekiʻe 650°C

ʻO loko (ʻaʻahu):Alloy 28 (UNS N08028 / 1.4563 / Sandvik 28) - kiʻekiʻe Cr / Ni / Mo / Cu austenitic alloy, PREN 38-40

Ka laulā nui:OD 38mm - 168mm; Mānoanoa o ka paia waho 4mm - 15mm; Mānoanoa o ka uhi ʻana 1.8mm - 3.5mm; Loa hoʻokahi a hiki i ka 15m

Kaʻina Hana:ʻO ka hoʻolei ʻana o Centrifugal + extrusion wela - ka ikaika o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka hoʻopaʻa metallurgical ≥300 MPa

Nā Kūlana:ASTM A213 (T91), API 5LD (paipu i uhi ʻia), NACE MR0175, PED 2014/68/EU

Nā noi:Nā mea hoʻomehana wela / mea hoʻomehana hou o ka paila ultra-supercritical, nā ʻāpana hoʻōla wela ʻōpala (nā hale hana waikawa sulfuric), nā mea hoʻololi wela wela kiʻekiʻe no nā hydrocarbons chlorinated, nā hale hana biomass / ʻōpala-i-ka-ikehu

1. ʻIke Laulā - No ke aha ʻo T91+Alloy 28 Clad Pipe

ʻO ka lawelawe wela kiʻekiʻe e hōʻike pinepine i kahi pilikia: kahi mea ikaika e ola ai i ka kolo ʻana (e like me T91) e popopo i loko o nā kinoea flue ikaika a i ʻole nā kahe hana; ʻo kahi alloy e kū i ka popopo (e like me Alloy 28) ʻaʻohe ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe a he pipiʻi loa.

Paipu ʻaʻahu bimetal T91+Alloy 28hoʻoponopono i kēia ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hana:

lT91 wahoke kū nei i ke kaiapuni wela kiʻekiʻe (e like me ke kinoea flue ma 600-650°C) a hāʻawi i ka ikaika haki kolo.

lʻO ke kinikini kūloko 28lawelawe ia i ka wai ʻawaʻawa (e like me ka condensate waikawa, chlorides) ma kona ʻili o loko.

ʻO ka hui pū ʻanaʻaʻohe ona pilina– ʻaʻohe humuhumu weld longitudinal – mahalo i ke kaʻina hana centrifugal casting + extrusion wela. Hoʻopau kēia i ke kiko nāwaliwali loa i loaʻa i nā paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.

Nā hoʻonohonoho maʻamau kahi e ʻoi aku ai ʻo T91+Alloy 28:

Hoʻonohonoho ʻana	ʻAoʻao waho	ʻAoʻao o loko	Laʻana
Mea hoʻomehana nui o ka paila	Kinoea ʻōheu (650°C, hoʻoʻokeʻo)	Mahu (450 550°C, maʻemaʻe)	Kūʻē ʻo T91 i ka oxidation o waho; ʻAʻole pono ka Alloy 28? ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pono ka ʻaoʻao mahu i kahi alloy kūikawā. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka laʻana:Mea hoʻololi wela kahi e kahe ai ka wai ʻino i loko– Kūleʻa ka T91 ma waho i ka mahana kinoea kiʻekiʻe; Kūʻē ka Alloy 28 i loko i ka pala.
Ka hoʻohana pololei ʻana:ʻO ka paipu i loko o kahi paila wela ʻōpala ma lalo o kahi hale hana waikawa sulfuric - kinoea SO₂/SO₃ wela (~500°C) ma waho (hiki i ka T91 ke kolo), hiki i ka waikawa dilute ke hoʻopili i loko i ka wā o nā upsets (Alloy 28 resists). Hoʻohana pū ʻia i lokonā paila biomasskahi e hoʻoulu ai ka chlorine i loko o ke kinoea flue i ka pala wela kiʻekiʻe - ua hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Alloy 28 ma ke ʻano he liner o loko? ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kau ʻana i ka cladding ma ka ʻaoʻao ahi. Akā ʻo kā mākou hoʻolālā e kau i ka cladding i loko, e hoʻihoʻi ana i waho. E hana hou kākou: Hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia ka paipu clad i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao. Hiki iā Womic ke hana me CRA ma ka ID (no ka pala kūloko) a i ʻole ma ka OD (no ka pala waho). Hoʻolako pinepine ʻia ʻo T91 + Alloy 28 meʻO Alloy 28 ma ka IDa me T91 ma ka OD.

No ka maopopo:Hāʻawi ka T91 waho (OD) i ka ikaika o ke kaomi a me ke kūpaʻa kolo; Kūʻē ka Alloy 28 i loko (ID) i ka pala mai ke kahe o ke kaʻina hana.Inā ʻo ka palaho o waho ka mea e hopohopo ai, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohuli i nā papa.

2. Nā Kikoʻī Mea Hana

2.1 Ka Hoʻohui Kemika (Maʻamau, %)

ʻElemene	T91 (Waho)	Alloy 28 (Loko)
Kalapona (C)	0.08–0.12	≤0.03
Silika (Si)	0.20–0.50	≤0.50
Manganese (Mn)	0.30–0.60	≤2.00
ʻO ka phosphorus (P)	≤0.020	≤0.030
Sulfur (S)	≤0.010	≤0.015
Chromium (Cr)	8.0–9.5	26.0–28.0
Nikala (Ni)	≤0.40	29.0–32.0
Molibdenum (Mo)	0.85–1.05	3.0–4.0
Keleawe (Cu)	—	0.6–1.4
Vanadium (V)	0.18–0.25	—
Niobium (Nb)	0.06–0.10	—
Naikokene (N)	0.03–0.07	—

2.2 Nā Waiwai Mekanika (Mahana o ka Lumi)

Waiwai	T91	ʻO ke kinikini 28
Ikaika Hāʻawi (min, MPa)	415	220
Ikaika Tensile (min, MPa)	585	500
Hoʻolōʻihi (min, %)	20	30
Paʻakikī (max, HB)	250	230

2.3 Ikaika Mahana Kiʻekiʻe (T91)

Mahana (°C)	100,000h Kaha Haʻihaʻi (MPa)	Ikaika Hua (MPa)
550	150	320
600	100	280
620	80	260
650	50	220

Ua kaupalena ʻia ka Alloy 28 i ~450°C i ka lawelawe ʻino akā hiki ke kū i nā mahana metala kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻino ʻole.

2.4 Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka palaho (Alloy 28)

Kaiapuni	Ke kū'ē
ʻAkika sulfuric (nā ʻano like ʻole)	Maikaʻi loa a hiki i 80°C
ʻAkika phosphoric	Maikaʻi loa
Nā Chloride (lua / māwae)	PREN 38-40, CPT ~50°C
H₂S + CO₂ + klorida	Maikaʻi loa (lawelawe ʻawaʻawa)
Nā waikawa organik	Maikaʻi loa

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka Alloy 28 ma mua o 316L a me 904L i nā wahi chloride kiʻekiʻe + waikawa a ua like ia me Alloy 825 i nā manawa he nui.

3. Kaʻina Hana Hana - Seamless Centrifugal Casting + Extrusion

Kaʻanuʻu	Wehewehena
1. Ke hoʻolei ʻana i ka centrifugal o ka paipu Alloy 28	Hoʻolei ʻia ka Alloy 28 heheʻe i loko o kahi paipu hakahaka me ka paia mānoanoa.
2. Hoʻokomo a hoʻākoakoa	Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hakahaka Alloy 28 i loko o kahi billet kila T91 (ua hana mua ʻia e kūpono).
3. Hoʻopuka wela	Hoʻomehana ʻia ka billet composite i 1150-1200°C a hoʻopuka ʻia ma o kahi die. ʻO ka lakio hōʻemi kiʻekiʻe (≥8:1) e hana i kahi pilina metallurgical ma ka interface. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe pū ka extrusion i ke ʻano o ka palaoa.
4. Ka huki anu / ka hele ʻana (koho)	No nā hoʻomanawanui paʻa a i ʻole nā diameters liʻiliʻi, hoʻopili ʻia nā ala anu he nui me ka annealing waena.
5. Ka mālama wela	Hoʻomaʻamaʻa (1050°C) + hoʻomehana (760°C) no T91; Hoʻomehana ʻia ka Alloy 28 i ka wā o ka pōʻaiapuni like.
6. Hoʻopololei a hoʻopau	Hoʻopololei pololei, ʻoki i ka lōʻihi, beveling welau.
7. NDT a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana	E nānā i ka Māhele 4.

4. Ka Mana Hoʻomalu a me ka Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maikaʻi

Hoʻāʻo	ʻAno hana	Ka laulā	ʻAe ʻia
Ka loiloi kemika	OES	ʻO kēlā me kēia wela (nā papa ʻelua)	No kēlā me kēia kikoʻī mea
Bond UT	Kino piha, lōʻihi + ʻokiʻoki	Paipu i hoʻopuka ʻia 100%	ʻAʻohe hoʻokaʻawale >50mm
Uhi @ RT	Hāpana lōʻihi	No kēlā me kēia pūʻulu	Hoʻokō i nā kikoʻī
Ka tensile mahana kiʻekiʻe	600°C (koho)	No kēlā me kēia noi	Ua hōʻike ʻia
Ka haki ʻana o ke kolo	600°C / 650°C (koho)	No kēlā me kēia noi	Ua hōʻike ʻia
Hoʻāʻo hoʻopālahalaha	No ASTM A1016	Kēlā me kēia ʻāpana	ʻAʻohe māwae
Hoʻāʻo hydrostatic	1.5× kaomi hoʻolālā	Kēlā me kēia paipu	ʻAʻohe leaka
Nānā ʻana i ke ana	Nā mikromika / laser	100%	OD, WT, lōʻihi
Ka palaho intergranular	ASTM A262 Hoʻomaʻamaʻa E (ma luna o ka Alloy 28)	No kēlā me kēia noi	ʻAʻohe hoʻouka kaua

Palapala:EN 10204 ʻAno 3.1 (maʻamau) a i ʻole ʻAno 3.2 (mea hōʻike ʻaoʻao ʻekolu).

5. Ka laulā Ana

OD (mm)	Kākoʻo (T91) WT (mm)	ʻUhi (Alloy 28) WT (mm)	Ka lōʻihi loa (m)
38.1	4.0 – 8.0	1.8 – 2.5	15
44.5	5.0 – 8.0	1.8 – 2.5	15
51.0	5.0 – 10.0	2.0 – 2.8	15
63.5	5.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
76.2	6.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
88.9	6.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
101.6	6.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
114.3	6.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	12
141.3	8.0 – 15.0	2.2 – 3.5	12
168.3	8.0 – 15.0	2.5 – 3.5	12

Hiki ke hana ʻia ka OD nui aʻe ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻōwili wela (humuhumu i hoʻopili ʻia) - e kelepona no nā kikoʻī.

6. Nā noi maʻamau

● Nā paipu hoʻomehana wela / hoʻomehana hou o ka paila ultra-supercritical– ma kahi e ʻoi aku ai ka mahana o ka ʻaoʻao kinoea flue ma mua o 600°C a pono ka pale ʻana i ka pala i nā waihona ʻaoʻao mahu a i ʻole loko.

●Nā paila hoʻōla wela ʻōpala i nā mea kanu waikawa sulfuric– kinoea SO₂/SO₃ wela ma waho, pilikia haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻohuʻu ʻakika i loko. Hāʻawi ʻo T91 i ka ikaika kolo; Kūʻē ʻo Alloy 28 i ka hoʻouka ʻakika.

●Nā mea hoʻololi wela wela kiʻekiʻe no nā hydrocarbons chlorinated– aia nā chlorides a me nā waikawa organik i loko o ka wai a hiki i ka 400°C; Pale ka Alloy 28 i ka pitting a me ka SCC.

●Nā hale hana ikehu no ka biomass / ʻōpala– aia i loko o ke kinoea ʻōpala ka chlorine a me nā paʻakai alkali; Hoʻolōʻihi ka paipu T91+Alloy 28 i uhi ʻia (me Alloy 28 ma ka ʻaoʻao ahi) i ke ola o ka paipu.

●Mea hoʻomaʻalili hydrogen / syngas- ka lawelawe kahi e loaʻa ai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana a me ka palaho e nā mea haumia liʻiliʻi.

7. No ke aha ʻo Womic Steel no T91+Alloy 28

●Kūkulu maʻalahi- ʻaʻohe humuhumu weld longitudinal, e hoʻopau ana i kahi kiko hāʻule maʻamau i ka lawelawe cyclic wela kiʻekiʻe.

● Ala hoʻokuʻu i hōʻoia ʻia– Loaʻa iā mākou ka ʻike i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōmole liʻiliʻi me ke anawaena lahilahi no nā noi paila a me nā mea hoʻololi wela.

● Ka hiki ke kūlou-U– Ke kulou anu me ka mālama wela; hiki ke hoʻolako i nā ʻāpana superheater i hana piha ʻia.

● Ka hiki ke hahai piha ʻia– Ua hōʻailona ʻia kēlā me kēia paipu me nā helu wela o T91 a me Alloy 28.

● Palapala hōʻoia– Loaʻa ka EN 10204 ʻAno 3.2; hiki ke hana me TÜV, BV, a i ʻole DNV no ka mālama ʻana i ke code boiler.

8. Nā nīnau i nīnau pinepine ʻia

Q: Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo T91+Alloy 28 no ka lawelawe hydrogen kaomi kiʻekiʻe?
A: Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ʻo T91 i ka hydrogen embrittlement i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe. No ka lawelawe hydrogen, paipai mākou i ke kila alloy haʻahaʻa + 316L a i ʻole Inconel 625 clad. E kāhea mai iā mākou no nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo kikoʻī.

Q: Aia mau anei ka uhi ʻana o Alloy 28 ma ka ID?
A: ʻO kā mākou hoʻonohonoho maʻamau ʻo Alloy 28 ma ka ID (ʻaoʻao wai). No nā noi kahi e hopohopo ai ka palaho o waho (e laʻa, ke kinoea flue corrosive wela kiʻekiʻe ma waho), hiki iā mākou ke hana i ka paipu i uhi ʻia me Alloy 28 ma ka OD. E ʻoluʻolu e kuhikuhi i ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ke kauoha ʻana.

Q: He aha ka mānoanoa o ka uhi liʻiliʻi loa no ka pilina hilinaʻi?
A: No ka extrusion seamless, ʻo 1.5mm ka palena iki kūpono. No ka ʻae ʻana i ka pala nui, ke paipai nei mākou i ka ≥2.0mm.

Q: Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolako i nā U-bends?
A: ʻAe. Hana mākou i ke kulou anu me ka mandrel, a ukali ʻia e ka mālama wela piha (hoʻomaha i ke kaumaha a i ʻole ka normalizing + tempering) a me 100% NDT o ka ʻāpana kulou.

Q: Pehea e hoʻohālikelike ai ʻo Alloy 28 me Incoloy 825?
A: ʻOi aku ka nui o Cr a me Ni o ka Alloy 28, haʻahaʻa iki ka Mo, a loaʻa iā ia ʻo Cu. Ua like loa ia ma ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kumukūʻai o ka Alloy 28 ma ʻEulopa; ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o Incoloy 825 ma nā papahana spec US. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻelua no ka lawelawe acidic/chloride like. Hāʻawi mākou i kekahi ma ke noi.