Wehewehe Pōkole
Huahana:ʻO ka Paipu Kila Seamless Haʻahaʻa Nickel 3.5% - ASTM A334 Papa 3 (UNS K12021 / 3.5Ni), huki anu ʻia, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia a hoʻomaʻalili ʻia e ka ea no nā paipu kila kalapona a me ke kila alloy seamless a welded i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa.
Ka Wehewehe Pōkole Huahana:Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Womic Steel Group i nā hiki ke hana nui no nā paipu seamless liʻiliʻi, 3.5Ni lōʻihi loa - e uhi ana i 25mm OD x 2mm WT x 22m ka lōʻihi pākahi - e hoʻokō piha ana i nā koi paʻakikī haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ASTM A334 Grade 3 a hiki i -101°C. Hoʻoponopono kēia laina hana i ka hilinaʻi mōʻaukala i nā lawe mai no nā paipu 3.5Ni liʻiliʻi, lōʻihi loa. Hāʻawi ke kila nickel 3.5% i ka paʻakikī notch maikaʻi loa a me ka ductility i nā mahana haʻahaʻa e like me -150°F (-101°C), e lilo ia i mea koʻikoʻi no nā kikowaena LNG, nā ʻāpana ethylene cracker, nā mea kanu hoʻokaʻawale ea, a me nā papahana polar.
ʻO ke anawaena o waho mai 10mm a 610mm (ʻōwili wela), ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka paia mai 1.5mm a 25.4mm, ʻo ka lōʻihi hoʻokahi a hiki i 24m. ʻO ka pae OD kikoʻī i huki anu ʻia: 6mm a 89mm, me nā hoʻomanawanui paʻa paʻa e like me ±0.10mm.
Loaʻa ma kahi o 3.5% nickel, me kahi hui nickel haʻahaʻa-kalapona a kiʻekiʻe e hoʻonui nui i ka paʻakikī o ka mahana haʻahaʻa a pale i ka embrittlement o ka mahana haʻahaʻa ma -101°C. ʻO ka hui maʻamau: C ≤0.19%, Mn 0.31-0.64%, Si 0.18-0.37%, Ni 3.18-3.82%, P ≤0.025%, S ≤0.025%.
Aia ka 3.5Ni (ASTM A334 Papa 3) ma waena o ke kila haʻahaʻa maʻamau Papa 6 (-45°C) a me ke kila 9% Ni kiʻekiʻe Papa 8 (-196°C). Hana ia ma ke ʻano he hopena kūpono loa no ka pae lawelawe -50°C a i -101°C.
Kūlike me ASTM A334/A334M, ASME SA334, ASTM A333/A333M Papa 3, a me ASTM/ASME, PED, a me NACE MR0175 (ma ke noi ʻana).
ʻO nā kikowaena hoʻokipa LNG nā paipu kōkua, nā ʻāpana PDH (Propane Dehydrogenation), nā crackers ethylene, nā ʻāpana hoʻokaʻawale ea, a me nā ʻōnaehana paipu kahua kai no nā ʻāina polar.
Hui kila ʻo WomicHe mea hana kūikawā ʻo ia a he mea hoʻopuka honua i nā paipu humuhumu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā paipu pololei liʻiliʻi, a me nā paipu humuhumu lōʻihi loa. Me ka ʻoi aku o 20 mau makahiki o ka ʻike loea i ke kaha anu, loaʻa i kā mākou mau paipu humuhumu 3.5Ni no ka lawelawe -101°C no nā kauoha nui. Hāʻawi ʻia nā palapala hōʻoia wili, 100% hoʻāʻo ultrasonic a me hydrostatic, ʻike mea maikaʻi, a me nā hōʻike nānā piha piha me ka traceability wela hoʻokahi. ʻAe ʻia ka nānā ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao ʻekolu (SGS/BV/DNV/TÜV). Kumukūʻai hoʻokūkū a me ka lawe wikiwiki.
Māhele 1: Ka Moolelo - No ke aha he 3.5Ni Seamless Tubes ma -101°C?
Mai nā makahiki 1930, i ka wā i hoʻomohala mua ai ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ke kila nickel 3.5% no ka lawelawe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma lalo o ASTM A334/A334M a me A333/A333M), ua hoʻomohala pū ʻo ʻEulopa a me Iapana i kā lākou mau papa kila 3.5Ni ponoʻī. Ua lawelawe nui kēia mau mea i nā crackers ethylene, ka lawe ʻana i ka LPG/LNG, nā hale hana mea hoʻouluulu, ka hana ʻana i ka laholio, a me nā ʻoihana gasification lanahu.
He kila haʻahaʻa-kalapona, nickel kiʻekiʻe ke kila 3.5Ni me ka nui o ka nickel (Ni) ma kahi o 3.5%. Ma o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wela, hāʻawi ia i kahi microstructure ferrite + bainite paʻa a me ka paʻakikī hopena haʻahaʻa maikaʻi loa. He mea i hoʻokumu maikaʻi ʻia, ʻike ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i hoʻohana ʻia no nā kīʻaha kaomi a me nā ʻōnaehana paipu ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa -101°C.
Ma Kina, ua hoʻokō ka papa kila 3.5Ni a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe i ka hana ʻoihana makua a hilinaʻi hoʻi no nā makahiki he nui, e hōʻike ana i ka hana loea maikaʻi loa a me ka pono o ke kumukūʻai. Eia nō naʻe, ua kaupalena ʻia ka lako o nā paipu humuhumu ʻole - ʻoiai nā paipu 3.5Ni liʻiliʻi ke anawaena, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi.
No ka hoʻopiha ʻana i kēia hakahaka ʻoihana, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Womic Steel i kahi laina hana i hoʻolaʻa ʻia e hoʻohana ana i kona mau mākaukau koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻana i nā paipu seamless haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka hana pololei liʻiliʻi, a me ka ʻenehana huki anu ʻana i nā paipu lōʻihi loa. Ma hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana a me ka hōʻoia multi-batch, ua hoʻomaka kā mākou mau paipu seamless 25mm OD x 2mm WT x 22m 3.5Ni lōʻihi loa i ka hana nui, me ka pūʻulu mua i hāʻawi ʻia i ʻApelila i kahi mea hana lako kūloko nui. E hoʻohana ʻia nā paipu i kahi papahana Russian Arctic Circle.
Ua hōʻoia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ʻae ʻia e ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa ua hoʻokō piha nā ʻōkuhi hana koʻikoʻi āpau - me ka paʻakikī o ka hopena Charpy haʻahaʻa -101°C, nā waiwai tensile mahana lumi, ka pololei o ke ana, a me ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻili - i nā koi ASTM A334 Grade 3 a ua hoʻohālikelike piha ʻia me nā pae holomua o ka honua.
Māhele 2: Ka Nānā ʻana i ka Papa Hoʻohālikelike - Ke Koho ʻana i ke Kila Haʻahaʻa Kūpono
ʻO nā paipu wili kila kila kiʻekiʻe no nā wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e komo pū me ASTM A333/A334 Papa 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, a me 11. I waena o lākou, ʻo nā Papa 3, 4, 7, a me 8 nā mea i kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia no ka lawelawe haʻahaʻa waena a koʻikoʻi. ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka mea kūpono e pili ana i ka mahana lawelawe liʻiliʻi e pono ai, ke kaomi hoʻolālā, a me ka waihona kālā.
Hāʻawi ka papa ma lalo nei i kahi hoʻohālikelike piha o nā papa kila haʻahaʻa mua, me kā lākou mau helu mahana kūpono, nā waiwai mechanical (tensile a me ka ikaika yield), a me nā noi koʻikoʻi. E kōkua kēia hoʻohālikelike i ka wehewehe ʻana i ke kūlana mākeke o ke kila 3.5Ni (ASTM A334 Grade 3) e pili ana i nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Papa: Hoʻohālikelike Papa Kila Haʻahaʻa Haʻahaʻa ASTM A333/A334
| Ka Hoʻonohonoho Papa | Ka Mahana Lawelawe Haʻahaʻa Loa | ʻIke Ni | Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa (min) | Ikaika Hāʻawi (min) | Hoʻolōʻihi | Nā Hoʻohana ʻAno a me nā Koʻikoʻi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Papa 6 | -45°C (-50°F) | ≤0.5% | ≥415 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% | Ke kila Manganese Kalapona Haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka papa maʻamau a hoʻokele waiwai loa. Ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, ka hoʻomaʻalili maʻamau, nā paipu aniau anu. |
| Papa 3 (3.5Ni) | -101°C (-150°F) | 3.18-3.82% | ≥450 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% (L) / ≥20% (T) | 3.5% Nickel Steel. Kūpono ke kumukūʻai no ka pae -50°C a i -101°C. Nā ʻāpana PDH, nā hale hana ethylene, nā ʻāpana hoʻokaʻawale ea, nā paipu Arctic. |
| Papa 4 | -101°C (-150°F) | ≤0.5% | ≥415 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% | Ke kila kalapona i pepehi ʻia. ʻO ke ʻano matrix e loaʻa ana kahi liʻiliʻi o ka ferrite. ʻO ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 3.5Ni. |
| Papa 7 | -73°C (-100°F) | 2.0-2.5% | ≥450 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% | 2.5% Nickel Steel. Koho waena ma waena o ka Papa 6 a me ka Papa 3. |
| Papa 8 (9Ni) | -196°C (-320°F) | 8.4-9.6% | ≥690 MPa | ≥515 MPa | ≥22% | 9% Kila Nikala. ʻO ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa loa. Nā paipu nui o ka LNG (-162°C). |
| Papa 11 (Paʻakikī Kiʻekiʻe) | -196°C. ʻAno like me Gr.8 | ʻAno like me Gr.8 | ʻAno like me Gr.8 | ʻAno like me Gr.8 | ʻAno like me Gr.8 | Hana ʻia mai ke kila i pepehi ʻia kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻāpana wela haʻahaʻa loa koʻikoʻi. |
Māhele 3: Hoʻohui Kemika - Ka Mana Hoʻopaʻa no ka Hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ASTM A334 Papa 3
Ma muli o ka ʻike paʻa a hōʻoia ʻia me ka hana ʻana o ka papa kila 3.5Ni a me nā paipu wili wela, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Womic Steel i nā ʻano kemika i kāohi pono ʻia no ke kaʻina hana paipu liʻiliʻi me ke anawaena anu. Hōʻoia kēia i ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa maikaʻi loa me ka mālama ʻana i ka hiki ke hana ʻia me ke anu.
| ʻElemene | ASTM A334 Gr.3 (Max/Req'd) | Pahuhopu Hoʻolālā kila Womic | Ka Nānā ʻana o ka Ladle Maoli o Womic Steel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kalapona (C) | ≤0.19% | 0.06 – 0.09% | 0.07% |
| Silika (Si) | 0.18 – 0.37% | 0.18 – 0.33% | 0.24% |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.31 – 0.64% | 0.45 – 0.60% | 0.51% |
| ʻO ka phosphorus (P) | ≤0.025% | ≤0.010% | 0.004% |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤0.025% | ≤0.005% | 0.001% |
| Nikala (Ni) | 3.18 – 3.82% | 3.30 – 3.70% | 3.40% |
*ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka haʻahaʻa o ke kalapona (C ≤0.19%), ka phosphorus haʻahaʻa loa a me ka sulfur (P ≤0.025%, S ≤0.025%), a me ka hoʻohui pololei ʻana o ka nickel 3.18-3.82% e hoʻopau i ka pilikia o ka embrittlement haʻahaʻa ma -101°C, me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā koi kemika a me nā mīkini ASTM A334 Gr.3 a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hana anu maikaʻi loa i ke kaʻina hana kaha kiʻi.*
Māhele 4: Nā Waiwai Mekanika - Hōʻoia ʻia ka Hoʻokō ʻana o ASTM A334 Papa 3
Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia nā waiwai mechanical ma ka paipu makuahine (ka mānoanoa piha o ka paia) a me ka paipu i hoʻopau ʻia (ʻili) ma hope o ka mālama wela like, me nā laʻana i lawe ʻia mai ka pūʻulu hana maʻamau.
Nā Waiwai Tensile Mahana o ka Lumi
| Waiwai | Koi ASTM A334 Gr.3 | ʻO ke kila Womic maoli (hana maʻamau) |
|---|---|---|
| Ikaika Hua (0.2% offset) | ≥240 MPa | 330 – 360 MPa |
| Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa | ≥450 MPa | 520 – 550 MPa |
| Hoʻolōʻihi (lōʻihi) | ≥30% | 32 – 36% |
| Hoʻolōʻihi (ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe) | ≥20% | 26 – 30% |
| Paʻakikī (HB) | ≤190 | 160 – 175 |
ʻAno Metallographic
Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka mālama wela ma ≥845°C a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana o ka ea, ua hōʻike ka ʻōmole i hoʻopau ʻia i kahi microstructure ferrite + bainite maikaʻi me ka helu nui o ka palaoa ma kahi o ASTM No. 10 (palaoa i hoʻomaʻemaʻe nui ʻia), ka mea e hāʻawi ai i ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe.
-101°C Haʻahaʻa Mahana Charpy Paʻakikī Hopena
Ma muli o ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻāʻo pololei i ka hopena o ka paipu paia lahilahi i hoʻopau ʻia (25x2mm) e like me nā hana maʻamau (liʻiliʻi loa ka specimen), ua lawe ʻo Womic Steel i nā laʻana o ka paipu makuahine o ka helu wela like, ua hoʻokomo iā lākou i ka mālama wela maʻamau e like me nā paipu i hoʻopau ʻia, a laila ua mīkini iā lākou i nā laʻana Charpy V-notch liʻiliʻi he 2.5x10x55mm. A laila ua hana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo hopena ma kahi mahana haʻahaʻa o -117°C, e ʻoi aku ana ma mua o ke koi hoʻolālā -101°C, e hōʻike i kahi palena palekana lawa.
| Mahana Hoʻāʻo | Laʻana 1 | Laʻana 2 | Laʻana 3 | Koi ASTM (2.5mm liʻiliʻi) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -117°C | 32J | 33J | 35J | ʻAwelike haʻahaʻa loa ≥5J; hoʻokahi ≥4J |
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā hopena o ka hoʻāʻo hopena ma mua o nā koi palena iki o ASTM, e hōʻike ana i ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka mea me kahi palena palekana nui ma mua o ka mahana lawelawe i helu ʻia -101°C.
Māhele 5: Kaʻina Hana Hana - Ka Hana ʻana i ke Anu Maʻa a me ka Hana Wela no nā Paipu Liʻiliʻi Anawaena Loa
Hoʻopuka ʻo Womic Steel i nā paipu humuhumu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa 3.5Ni me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ala hana ʻoihana piha i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia no nā huahana hoʻopau ʻili liʻiliʻi, lōʻihi loa, kiʻekiʻe:
- Hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka umu ahi uila + Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻōpala + Hoʻohemo ʻana i ke kinoea me ka vacuum:Hōʻoia i ka haʻahaʻa loa o ka hydrogen, oxygen, a me ka naikokene, a me ka kaohi kemika paʻa (P ≤0.005%, S ≤0.001%).
- Ke hoʻolei mau nei + ka ʻōwili ʻana o Bloom:Hoʻopuka i nā lua paipu kūlana kiʻekiʻe me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi o loko.
- Ke kui ʻana i ka wela (Ke kui ʻana i ke keʻa):Hoʻomehana ʻia nā bila i loko o ka umu kaola hele wāwae a hou ʻia i loko o nā pūpū hakahaka paia kaumaha ma nā mahana ʻōwili kūpono; hoʻemi ʻia ka eccentricity.
- Ka Hele Anu / Kaha Kiʻi Anu– Nā hele ʻana he nui (me ka annealing waena): ʻO kēia ke kaʻina hana koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā paipu lōʻihi loa. No ka nui hope loa 25x2mm, pono ke kaʻina hana i ʻekolu mau hele huki anu i kāohi pono ʻia, me kēlā me kēia hele ʻana e hoʻopaʻakikī ana i ka mea. Ma waena o nā hele ʻana, e hana ana nā paipu i ka annealing waena e hoʻihoʻi i ka ductility a pale i nā māwae paʻakikī hana.
- Hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hopena (Normalizing):Lawe ʻia i loko o kahi umu lewa i kāohi ʻia ma ≥845°C, a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana o ka ea e hōʻoluʻolu i nā pilikia hana anu a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka microstructure.
- Hoʻopololei:ʻO ka hoʻopololei ʻana i ka ʻōwili pololei e hōʻoia i ka ʻae pololei o ≤1.5mm no ka mika.
- ʻOki ʻana i ka lōʻihi a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hoʻopau ʻana:Loaʻa i nā ʻokiʻoki lele ka pololei kiʻekiʻe; ua ʻoki ʻia nā wēlau a beveled paha e like me ka mea e pono ai.
- 100% NDT, Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic, a me ka Māka ʻana:Hoʻāʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻōmole me ka ultrasonically, hoʻāʻo ʻia ke au eddy, a hoʻāʻo ʻia ke kaomi ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
- Ka nui hope loa i hoʻokō ʻia:24.96 – 25.05mm OD × 2.04 – 2.16mm WT × 22m ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka ʻāwili ʻili ID a me OD ≤1.4μm Ra, e hoʻokō ana i ka maikaʻi o ka paipu hoʻololi wela Papa 1 e like me NB/T 47019.1-2021 (hoʻopau ʻili sub micrometer).
Paukū 6: Ka Mana Hoʻomalu a me ka Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka Kūlana - Hōʻoia Hana Holoʻokoʻa
Hoʻāʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia pūʻulu hana o nā paipu humuhumu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa 3.5Ni e like me nā kūlana ASTM A334/A334M:2021.
Nā Palapala Hōʻoia:Palapala Hoʻāʻo Wili e like me EN 10204 ʻAno 3.1. Loaʻa ke ʻano 3.2 me ka mea hōʻike ʻaoʻao ʻekolu (SGS/BV/DNV/TÜV) ma ke noi.
ʻO ke kūlike o ka pūʻulu-i-ka-pūʻulu:Mālama ʻo Womic Steel i nā moʻolelo kikoʻī no kēlā me kēia helu wela a me kēlā me kēia pūʻulu, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hiki ke loaʻa piha ʻia o kēlā me kēia paipu i hoʻopau ʻia.
Māhele 7: Nā Hoʻohana - Ma hea ʻo 3.5Ni ASTM A334 Papa 3 Tubes Excel
Ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā paipu humuhumu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa 3.5Ni no ka hana lōʻihi hilinaʻi ma ka pae lawelawe -45°C a i -101°C, e hoʻopiha ana i ka hakahaka ma waena o ka mea maʻamau Papa 6 a me ka mea 9% Ni Papa 8 kiʻekiʻe ke kumu kūʻai.
ʻO ka paipu 3.5Ni ke koho mea kūpono loa no ka pae mahana ma waena o -50°C (Papa 6) a me -196°C (9% Ni Papa 8), e lilo ia i mea makemake nui ʻia no ka hapa nui o nā noi petrochemical haʻahaʻa wela.
Paukū 8: No ke aha e koho ai i ke kila Womic no nā paipu humuhumu haʻahaʻa 3.5Ni?
Nā Nīnau i Nīnau Pinepine ʻia (FAQ)
E hoʻokaʻaʻike iā Womic Steel
No nā nīnau, ke kākoʻo loea, a i ʻole e noi i kahi ʻōlelo kūʻai no kāu mau koi paipu wela haʻahaʻa 3.5Ni ma lalo o ASTM A334 Grade 3 (a i ʻole nā pae wela haʻahaʻa ʻē aʻe), e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻokaʻaʻike pololei mai iā mākou.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-24-2026