1 He aha nā paipu paila?

ʻO nā paipu paila he mau paipu kila humuhumu i hoʻolālā ʻia ee lawe i ka mahu kiʻekiʻe a me ka wai wela i loko o nā ʻōnaehana pailaPono kēia mau paipu e kū i:

Nā mahana kiʻekiʻe

Kaomi kiʻekiʻe

Hoʻonui wela

l ʻOkika a me ka palaho

ʻO nā noi maʻamau e komo pū me:

l Nā paipu paia wai

Nā paipu Superheater

l Nā paipu Economizer

Nā paipu mahu

Ma muli o nā kūlana hana koʻikoʻi loa,makemake nui ʻia nā paipu paila seamless ma mua o nā paipu weldedma muli o ko lākou ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa o ke ʻano hana.

2 Nā Kūlana Paipu Boiler Maʻamau

Ho'ākāka kekahi mau kūlana honua i nā kiko'ī no nā paipu paila i ho'ohana'ia i nā noi'oihana.

Kūlana Maʻamau	ʻAno Paipu	Hoʻohana Maʻamau
ASTM A192	Paipu paila kila kalapona	Nā paila kaomi kiʻekiʻe
ASTM A210	Paipu kila kalapona waena	Nā paipu paila a me nā superheater
ASTM A335	Paipu kila kila	Nā paila wela kiʻekiʻe
EN10216-2	Nā paipu kaomi	Nā ʻōnaehana paila ʻEulopa
ASTM A213	Paipu hao / kila kila	Nā mea hoʻololi wela a me nā superheaters

Ma waena o kēia mau mea,ASTM A192, ASTM A210, a me ASTM A335ʻo ia nā kūlana i hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā paila hale hana mana.

Hana ʻo Womic Steel i nā paipu paila seamless e like me nā kūlana honua nui āpau, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hana hilinaʻi ma nā wahi ʻoihana koi.

3 mau paipu paila ASTM A192

ʻO ASTM A192 kekahi o nā ʻano hana i hoʻohana nui ʻianā kūlana paipu paila kila kalaponano ka lawelawe kiʻekiʻe.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia mau paipu i loko onā paila ʻoihana, nā paila hale hana mana, a me nā mea hoʻololi wela.

Nā Hiʻohiʻona Koʻikoʻi

l Haʻahaʻa kalapona kila kila

l Hana hoʻoili wela maikaʻi

l Kūpono no ka lawelawe kiʻekiʻe-kaomi

l Hana maikaʻi loa

ʻAno Kemika Maʻamau

ʻElemene	ʻIke (%)
Kalapona	≤0.18
Manganese	0.27 – 0.63
ʻO ka phosphorus	≤0.035
Sulfur	≤0.035
Silika	≤0.25

Nā Hoʻohana Maʻamau

l Nā paipu paila ʻoihana

l Nā paila mea kanu mana

Nā ʻōnaehana hana mahu

l Nā mea hoʻololi wela

Hana ʻo Womic Steel i nā paipu paila seamless ASTM A192 me ka hoʻomanawanui dimensional pololei a me ka nānā pono ʻana i ka maikaʻi, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hana hilinaʻi i nā ʻōnaehana kaomi kiʻekiʻe.

4 mau paipu paila ASTM A210

Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ʻo ASTM A210 nonā paipu paila kila kalapona waena a me nā paipu superheater.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ASTM A192, hāʻawi ʻo ASTM A210ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka hana wela kiʻekiʻe maikaʻi.

Nā Papa ASTM A210

Papa	Noi
Papa A1	Nā paila kaomi waena
Papa C	Nā paipu superheater mahana kiʻekiʻe

Nā Hoʻohana Maʻamau

l Nā paipu hoʻomehana paila

Nā paipu mahu

l Nā paipu hoʻololi wela

l Nā paila ʻoihana

Ma muli o kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe,Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻōmole ASTM A210 i nā ʻōnaehana paila mahana waena.

Hana ʻo Womic Steel i nā paipu humuhumu ASTM A210 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻina hana huki anu a me ka mālama wela kiʻekiʻe, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i nā waiwai mechanical kūlike.

5 mau paipu paila kila ASTM A335

No nā ʻōnaehana mea kanu mana wela kiʻekiʻe,nā paipu kila hao i kuhikuhi ʻia e ASTM A335hoʻohana pinepine ʻia.

Hāʻawi kēia mau paipukūpaʻa kolo maikaʻi loa a me ke kūpaʻa oxidationma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.

Nā Papa ASTM A335 maʻamau

Papa	ʻAno Alloy	Noi
P11	Ke kila kila Cr-Mo	Nā paila wela waena
P22	Ke kila kila Cr-Mo	Nā paila wela kiʻekiʻe
P91	Ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe	Nā hale hana mana ultra-supercritical
P92	ʻO ke kola kū'ē kiʻekiʻe	Nā hale hana mana holomua

6 Hoʻohālikelike o nā Paipu Kila Alloy P11, P22, a me P91

Waiwai	P11	P22	P91
Nā ʻElemene Alloy	Cr-Mo	Cr-Mo	Cr-Mo-V-Nb
Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka mahana	Waena	Kiʻekiʻe	Kiʻekiʻe Loa
Ke Kū'ē ʻana i ke Kolo	Waena	Maikaʻi loa	Maikaʻi loa
Hoʻohana Maʻamau	Nā paila ʻoihana	Nā hale hana mana	Nā paila ultra-supercritical

P11

Hoʻohana ʻia manā paipu mahu wela waena a me nā paila ʻoihana.

P22

Hāʻawi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻiaikaika wela kiʻekiʻe, i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia manā ʻōnaehana superheater o ka hale hana mana.

P91

He mea houkila kila hana kiʻekiʻehoʻohana ʻia manā hale hana mana ultra-supercritical, hiki ke hana ma nā mahana a me nā kaomi kiʻekiʻe loa.

Hana ʻo Womic Steel i nā paipu humuhumu ASTM A335 P11, P22, a me P91 me ka mālama wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka kaohi metallurgical koʻikoʻi, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hana hilinaʻi i nā ʻōnaehana paila wela kiʻekiʻe.

7 Kaʻina Hana Hana Paipu Boiler Seamless

Pono nā ʻōmole paila kiʻekiʻe i ka ʻenehana hana holomua.

ʻO nā ʻanuʻu hana maʻamau:

lKoho ʻana i ka Billet kila
Ua koho ʻia nā ʻōpala maikaʻi loa no ka hana ʻana i nā paipu.

lKe kui wela a me ka ʻōwili ʻana
Hana i nā ʻōmole hakahaka humuhumu ʻole.

lKaʻina Hana Kiʻi Anu
Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei o ke ana a me ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻili.

lKa Lapaʻau Wela
Ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, a annealing paha ma muli o ke ʻano o ka mea.

Nānā a me ka Hoʻāʻo ʻana

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua maikaʻi e komo pū ana me:

l Hoʻāʻo Ultrasonic

l Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic

l Hoʻāʻo ʻana o kēia manawa Eddy

l Ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻohuihui kemika

l Hoʻāʻo waiwai mīkini

Hoʻohana ʻo Womic Steel i nā laina hana hou a me nā kaʻina hana nānā koʻikoʻi, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i kēlā me kēia paipu paila e kū i nā kūlana maikaʻi o ka honua.

8 Pololei Ana a me ka Pololei Tube

No nā ʻōmole paila,he mea koʻikoʻi ka pololei o ke anae hōʻoia i ka hana palekana a me ke kau pono ʻana.

Palena	Mana Maʻamau
Hoʻomanawanui OD	±0.05 – ±0.10 mm
Mānoanoa o ka paia	±7.5%
Pololei	≤1/1000
ʻOvality	≤50% o ka hoʻomanawanui OD

Hāʻawi nā paipu kikoʻī i huki ʻia anuka mana hoʻomalu maikaʻi loa, e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i kūpono no nā ʻōnaehana paila hana kiʻekiʻe.

9 Ke koho ʻana i ka mea kūpono o ka paipu paila

I ke koho ʻana i nā mea hana paipu paila, pono nā mea hana e noʻonoʻo i kēia mau mea:

Mahana hana

Kaomi ʻōnaehana

Kaiapuni ʻino

Nā koi hoʻoili wela

l Kumukūʻai a me ka loaʻa ʻana

ʻO nā alakaʻi koho maʻamau e komo pū ana me:

lASTM A192no nā paila kaomi kiʻekiʻe maʻamau

lASTM A210no nā paipu superheater

lASTM A335 P11/P22no nā paipu wela kiʻekiʻe

lASTM A335 P91no nā mea kanu mana ultra-supercritical

Hiki i kahi mea hana paipu paila hilinaʻi ke hāʻawikākoʻo loea no ke koho ʻana i nā mea a me ka hoʻolālā papahana.