1. Womic Steel: Nā Mana Hana a me ka Ikaika o ka ʻOihana
He mea hana mua ʻo Womic Steel Group a he mea hoʻopuka aku ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa me ka ʻoi aku o 20 mau makahiki o ka ʻike loea i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana tubular kalapona, alloy, a me ke kila kila. ʻO kā mākou hale hana hana paipu ERW kiʻekiʻe loa e uhi ana i kahi hiki ke hana piha ma mua o 15,000 tons i kēlā me kēia mahina no nā paipu kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke kūpaʻa uila.
Ka laulā nui o ka hana no ka paipu EN 10219 S355J2H ERW:ʻO ke anawaena waho mai 21.3mm a i 610mm (1/2 ʻīniha a i 24 ʻīniha) me ka mānoanoa o ka paia mai 2.0mm a i 20.0mm. Loaʻa i nā ʻano poepoe, huinahā, a me nā ʻāpana huinahā. Loaʻa nā lōʻihi hoʻokahi o 6m, nā lōʻihi pālua o 12m, a i ʻole nā lōʻihi maʻamau e like me ka mea e pono ai.
Nā Palapala Hōʻoia Kūlana a me ka Hoʻokō ʻana i nā Hoʻoponopono:
Hōʻoia ʻia ʻo ISO 9001:2015:ʻŌnaehana hoʻokele maikaʻi e hōʻoia ana i ka maikaʻi mau o ka huahana ma nā hana āpau.
Ka Hōʻailona CE (EN 10219):Hoʻokō piha me ke kūlana EN 10219 no nā ʻāpana hakahaka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a anu. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka māka CE a me ka Hōʻike o ka Hana (DoP) no ka ʻae ʻana o ka mākeke ʻEulopa.
Palapala Hōʻoia EN 10204 3.2:Palapala Hōʻoia Nānā 3.2 i hōʻoia ʻia e TÜV, LR, BV, a i ʻole SGS no nā papahana koʻikoʻi e pono ai ka hiki ke huli piha ʻia.
Nā ʻae ʻia e ka Nānā ʻAoʻao ʻEkolu (TPI):Nā huahana a me nā kaʻina hana i ʻāpono ʻia e SGS, BV, ABS, LR, DNV, GL, a me TÜV no nā papahana kai a me nā papahana kūkulu i hoʻoponopono ʻia e ka hui.
Nā Palapala Hōʻoia ʻē aʻe:Loaʻa ka ISO 14001, ISO 45001, NORSOK M-650 ma ke noi ʻana.
Nā ʻae kūikawā no ka mea kūʻai aku:Nā loiloi hale hana maʻamau no nā ʻoihana EPC nui, nā ʻoihana kūkulu hale, a me nā ʻoihana ʻenekinia a puni ka honua.
Hoʻomaopopo Honua:He mea hoʻolako hilinaʻi ʻo Womic Steel i nā ʻoihana EPC honua, nā ʻoihana kūkulu hale, a me nā ʻoihana ʻenekinia, e lawelawe ana ma mua o 80 mau ʻāina ma Asia Hikina Hema, ʻEulopa, ka Hikina Waena, ʻApelika, a me ʻAmelika.
2. Paipu kila EN 10219 S355J2H ERW: Nā ʻano o ka hoʻohuihui ʻana o nā mea a me ka hana
ʻO EN 10219 S355J2H kahi ʻāpana hakahaka kūkulu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke anu i hana ʻia mai nā kila ʻaʻohe-alloy a me nā kila palaoa maikaʻi. Hōʻike ka "S" i ke kila kūkulu, hōʻike ka "355" i ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi loa o 355 MPa, kuhikuhi ʻo "J2" i ka hoʻāʻo hopena Charpy ma -20°C (27J ka palena iki), a hōʻike ʻo "H" i ka ʻāpana hakahaka.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā papa haʻahaʻa e like me S235JRH (235 MPa yield) a me S275JRH (275 MPa yield), hāʻawi ʻo S355J2H i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe loa me ka mālama ʻana i ka weldability maikaʻi loa, formability, a me ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka helu hopena J2 e kūpono ia no nā noi aniau anuanu kahi e pono ai ke kūpaʻa i ka hopena ma -20°C. ʻO kēia papa ka ʻāpana hakahaka kūkulu i kuhikuhi nui ʻia no ke kūkulu hale ʻana, nā alahaka, a me nā hale kai ma ʻEulopa a me nā mākeke honua.
EN 10219 S355J2H ERW Paipu kila Hoʻohuihui Kemika (Loiloi Ladle, % ma ke kaumaha):
| ʻElemene | C kiʻekiʻe | Si max | Mn max | P kiʻekiʻe | S kiʻekiʻe | N kiʻekiʻe loa |
| S355J2H | 0.22 | 0.55 | 1.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.015 |
Nānā: Hoʻopili ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka palaoa maikaʻi (Al ≥ 0.015% a i ʻole nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe palaoa ʻē aʻe). ʻO ke kaulike kalapona (CEV) max 0.45% no ka mānoanoa o ka paia ≤ 40mm, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia no ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke kahua a me ka hana ʻana.
Nā Waiwai Mekanika o ka Paipu Kila EN 10219 S355J2H ERW (Mahana o ka Lumi):
| Mānoanoa o ka paia (mm) | Ikaika Hāʻawi (min) | Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa | Hoʻolōʻihi (min) |
| t ≤ 16mm | 355 MPa | 470-630 MPa | 20% |
| 16mm < t ≤ 40mm | 345 MPa | 470-630 MPa | 20% |
| 40mm < t ≤ 80mm | 335 MPa | 470-630 MPa | 19% |
Nānā: E emi iki ana ka ikaika o ka huahua me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mānoanoa o ka paia, kahi ʻano maʻamau no nā ʻāpana hakahaka kūkulu. Noho mau ka laulā ikaika tensile ma nā mānoanoa āpau, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hana kūkulu i wānana ʻia.
Nā Waiwai Hopena Haʻahaʻa o ka Paipu Kila EN 10219 S355J2H ERW (Charpy V-Notch):
| Papa | Mahana Hoʻāʻo | Ikehu awelika (min) | Ikehu pilikino (min) |
| S355J2H | -20°C | 27 Joules | 20 Joules |
*Nānā: Hōʻoia ka helu J2 i ka hana hilinaʻi i nā wahi anuanu, e kūpono ai ʻo S355J2H no nā alahaka, nā hale ma waho o ke kai, a me ke kūkulu hale ʻana ma nā wahi me nā mahana haʻahaʻa (-40°C), ʻaʻole pili ʻo S355J2H; Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo S355ML a i ʻole S355NL.*
Nā Palena like o ke Kalapona o ka Paipu Kila EN 10219 S355J2H ERW:
| Mānoanoa o ka paia | CEV (IIW) Kiʻekiʻe loa |
| t ≤ 40mm | 0.45% |
| t > 40mm | Ma ka ʻaelike |
Hoʻomaopopo: Hōʻoia ka like kalapona haʻahaʻa i ka hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia i nā kūlana kahua, e hōʻemi ana i nā koi hoʻomehana mua a me nā kumukūʻai hoʻonohonoho no ka hana ʻana i nā hale.
3. EN 10219 S355J2H ERW Steel Pipe Ana a me ka Hoʻokō ʻana i nā Kūlana
Hoʻolako ʻo Womic Steel i nā paipu EN 10219 S355J2H ERW ma kahi ākea ākea, e kūlike piha ana me nā kūlana EN 10219-1:2006 a me EN 10219-2:2006.
| Mea | Nā kikoʻī |
| Kūlana Maʻamau | EN 10219-1 / EN 10219-2 (Nā ʻāpana hakahaka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i hoʻokumu anu ʻia) |
| Papa | S355J2H (1.0576) |
| Kaʻina Hana Hana | Kuʻihao Pale Uila (ERW) / Kuʻihao Alapine Kiʻekiʻe (HFW) |
| Nā Koho ʻAno | Pōʻai / Huinahā / Huinahālike |
| Ka laulā o ke anawaena o waho (poepoe) | 21.3mm – 610mm (1/2 ʻīniha – 24 ʻīniha) |
| Pae Nui Huinahā | 20mm x 20mm – 500mm x 500mm |
| Ka laulā nui o nā huinahā | 40mm x 20mm - 600mm x 400mm |
| Pae Mānoanoa o ka Paia | 2.0mm – 20.0mm (ma muli o ka nui a me ke ʻano) |
| Ka lōʻihi | 6m (SR), 12m (DR), a i ʻole nā lōʻihi maʻamau a hiki i 18m |
| Hoʻopau i ka hoʻopau ʻana | Wāhi Maʻemaʻe (PE) / Wāhi Beveled (BE) |
| Hoʻopau ʻili | ʻŌlohelohe / ʻAila ʻia / ʻEleʻele i uhi ʻia / Primed / Galvanized / Pena ʻia |
| Nā hoʻomanawanui | OD: ±1.0% / WT: ±10% / Lōʻihi: +50mm -0mm |
4. Nā Ana a me nā Kikoʻī i Loaʻa - Paipu Kila ERW
| NB | Ka nui | OD mm | SCH40S mm | SCH5S mm | SCH10S mm | SCH10 mm | SCH20 mm | SCH40 mm | SCH60 mm | XS/80S mm | SCH80 mm | SCH100 mm | SCH120 mm | SCH140 mm | SCH160 mm | SCHXXS mm |
| 6 | 1/8” | 10.29 | 1.24 | 1.73 | 2.41 | |||||||||||
| 8 | 1/4” | 13.72 | 1.65 | 2.24 | 3.02 | |||||||||||
| 10 | 3/8” | 17.15 | 1.65 | 2.31 | 3.20 | |||||||||||
| 15 | 1/2” | 21.34 | 2.77 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.77 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 4.78 | 7.47 | ||||||
| 20 | 3/4” | 26.67 | 2.87 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 3.91 | 5.56 | 7.82 | ||||||
| 25 | 1” | 33.40 | 3.38 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.38 | 4.55 | 4.55 | 6.35 | 9.09 | ||||||
| 32 | 1 1/4” | 42.16 | 3.56 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.56 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 6.35 | 9.70 | ||||||
| 40 | 1 1/2” | 48.26 | 3.68 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.68 | 5.08 | 5.08 | 7.14 | 10.15 | ||||||
| 50 | 2” | 60.33 | 3.91 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.91 | 5.54 | 5.54 | 9.74 | 11.07 | ||||||
| 65 | 2 1/2” | 73.03 | 5.16 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.16 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 9.53 | 14.02 | ||||||
| 80 | 3” | 88.90 | 5.49 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.49 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 11.13 | 15.24 | ||||||
| 90 | 3 1/2” | 101.60 | 5.74 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.74 | 8.08 | 8.08 | ||||||||
| 100 | 4” | 114.30 | 6.02 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 6.02 | 8.56 | 8.56 | 11.12 | 13.49 | 17.12 | |||||
| 125 | 5” | 141.30 | 6.55 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 6.55 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 12.70 | 15.88 | 19.05 | |||||
| 150 | 6” | 168.27 | 7.11 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 10.97 | 14.27 | 18.26 | 21.95 | |||||
| 200 | 8” | 219.08 | 8.18 | 2.77 | 3.76 | 6.35 | 8.18 | 10.31 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 20.62 | 23.01 | 22.23 | |
| 250 | 10” | 273.05 | 9.27 | 3.40 | 4.19 | 6.35 | 9.27 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 25.40 | |
| 300 | 12” | 323.85 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.57 | 6.35 | 10.31 | 14.27 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 33.32 | 25.40 | |
| 350 | 14” | 355.60 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 11.13 | 15.09 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 23.83 | 27.79 | 31.75 | 35.71 | |
| 400 | 16” | 406.40 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 16.66 | 12.70 | 21.44 | 26.19 | 30.96 | 36.53 | 40.49 | |
| 450 | 18” | 457.20 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 14.27 | 19.05 | 12.70 | 23.83 | 29.36 | 34.93 | 39.67 | 45.24 | |
| 500 | 20” | 508.00 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 15.09 | 20.62 | 12.70 | 26.19 | 32.54 | 38.10 | 44.45 | 50.01 | |
| 550 | 22” | 558.80 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 22.23 | 12.70 | 28.58 | 34.93 | 41.28 | 47.63 | 53.98 | ||
| 600 | 24” | 609.60 | 9.53 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 17.48 | 24.61 | 12.70 | 30.96 | 38.89 | 46.02 | 52.37 | 59.54 | |
| 650 | 26” | 660.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 |
Nānā: Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka mānoanoa o ka paia ma muli o ke anawaena o ka paipu a me ka hiki ke hana. Loaʻa nā ana maʻamau ma waho o kēia pae ma ke noi ʻana.
5. Nā Kūlana Paipu Kila ERW maʻamau i hana ʻia e Womic Steel
| Kūlana Maʻamau | Nā Papa Maʻamau | Hoʻohana Maʻamau |
| API 5L (Kuhikuhi no ka Paipu Laina) | ||
| API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 | GR.B, X42, X52, X60, X65, X70 | ʻO ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea, nā paipu uka/waho |
| Paipu Laina ASTM a me ka Paipu Kūkulu | ||
| ASTM A53 (Kikokikona no ka Paipu, Kila, ʻEleʻele a me ka Wela-Ipu ʻia, Uhi ʻia me ka Zinc, Welded a me ka Seamless) | GR.A, GR.B | Wai, kinoea, mahu, ea, nā noi kūkulu |
| ASTM A135 (Kuhikuhi no ka Paipu Kila i Hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke Kūʻē Uila) | GR.A, GR.B | Wai, kinoea, mahu, nā lawelawe hoʻomaʻemaʻe |
| ASTM A252 (Kuhikuhi no nā Pile Paipu Kila Welded a Seamless) | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 | Hoʻopili kahua, hoʻopili kai, kahua alahaka |
| ASTM A500 (Kuhikuhi no ka Paipu Kūkulu Kila Kalapona i Hoʻopaʻa Anu ʻia a me ka Seamless) | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Nā paipu kūkulu, nā mōlina hale, nā alahaka |
| ASTM A501 (Kuhikuhi no ka Paipu Kūkulu Kila Kalapona Welded a Seamless i hoʻokumu ʻia me ka wela) | GR.A, GR.B | Nā noi kūkulu kaumaha, nā kolamu, nā trusses |
| Mea Hoʻololi Wela a me ka Paipu ASTM (ERW) | ||
| ASTM A178 (Kuhikuhi no ke kila kalapona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke kūpaʻa uila a me nā paipu paila kila kalapona-Manganese) | Papa A, C, D | Nā paipu paila, nā paipu superheater |
| ASTM A214 (Kuhikuhi no ka Mea Hoʻololi Wela Kalapona Kila Uila-Paʻa-Uila a me nā Paipu Condenser) | — | Nā mea hoʻololi wela, nā mea hoʻohuihui |
| ASTM A250 (Kuhikuhi no nā paipu paila kila Ferritic Alloy Steel Boiler a me Superheater i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke kūpaʻa uila) | T1, T2, T5, T9, T11, T22 | ʻO ka paila wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka superheater |
| ASTM A334 (Kuhikuhi no nā Paipu Kila Kalapona a me Alloy Seamless a Welded no ka lawelawe Haʻahaʻa-Mahana) | GR.1, GR.3, GR.6 | Hana lawelawe haʻahaʻa wela, cryogenic |
| Nā Kūlana EN / DIN / BS | ||
| EN 10217-1 (Nā paipu kila i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia no nā kumu kaomi - Nā paipu kila ʻaʻole me nā waiwai mahana lumi i kuhikuhi ʻia) | P235TR1, P265TR1 | Nā ipu kaomi, nā pahu paila, nā paipu kaomi kiʻekiʻe |
| EN 10217-2 (Nā paipu kila i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia no nā kumu kaomi - Nā paipu kila ʻole-alloy a me nā paipu kila alloy me nā waiwai mahana kiʻekiʻe i kuhikuhi ʻia) | P235GH, P265GH, P295GH, P355GH | Mahana kiʻekiʻe, nā paipu paila, nā mea hoʻololi wela |
| EN 10219-1 (Nā ʻāpana hakahaka kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i hoʻokumu anu ʻia no nā kumu kūkulu) | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H | Nā noi kūkulu, ke kūkulu hale ʻana, nā alahaka |
| EN 10210 (Nā ʻāpana hakahaka hoʻolālā wela i hoʻopau ʻia o nā kila ʻaʻole-alloy a me nā kila palaoa maikaʻi) | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H S420MH, S460MH | Nā ʻāpana hakahaka seamless/welded i hana wela ʻia no nā kumu kūkulu, ke kūkulu hale ʻana, nā alahaka |
| EN 10025-2 (Nā huahana ʻōwili wela o nā kila kūkulu - Nā kila kūkulu ʻaʻole i hoʻohuihui ʻia) | S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, | Hana kila kūkulu laulā, ʻenekinia kīwila |
| EN 10255 (Nā paipu kila ʻaʻole i hoʻohuihui ʻia i kūpono no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ke kaula ʻana) | S195T, S235JRTH | Wai, kinoea, wai ʻino, nā ʻōnaehana paipu wili |
| EN 10305-2 (Nā paipu kila no nā noi kikoʻī - Nā paipu i huki anu ʻia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia) | E215, E235, E355 | Nā noi kikoʻī, nā paukūʻoloka hydraulic |
| BS 1387 (Kuhikuhi no nā paipu kila a me nā tubular i wili ʻia a me nā socketed) | Papa A, B, C | Wai, kinoea, mahu, ʻilikai, paipu wili |
| DIN 2458 (Nā paipu kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me nā mea hoʻopili - Nā kūlana hoʻouna loea laulā) | St37.0, St44.0, St52.0 | Nā paipu kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia maʻamau, nā noi kūkulu |
| ISO a me nā Kūlana ʻē aʻe | ||
| ISO 3183 (ʻOihana ʻaila a me ke kinoea kūlohelohe - Paipu kila no nā ʻōnaehana halihali paipu) | L245, L290, L360, L415 | Nā paipu ʻaila a me ke kinoea (like ka ISO me API 5L) |
| ISO 65 (Nā paipu kila no ka wai, ke kinoea, a me ka wai hoʻokahe - Nā paipu wili) | Waena, Kaumaha | Wai, kinoea, wai hoʻoheheʻe, paipu wili |
| CSA G40.21 (Kila kūlana kūkulu - kūlana Kanada) | 44W, 50W | Nā noi kūkulu (Kanada) |
| AS 1163 (Nā ʻāpana hakahaka kila kūkulu - kūlana maʻamau o ʻAukekulelia) | C250, C350, C450 | Nā ʻāpana hakahaka kūkulu (ʻAukekulelia) |
| GOST 10706 (Nā paipu kila i hoʻopili ʻia no nā pipelines a me nā hale - ke kūlana Lūkini) | Alanui 20, Alanui 35, Alanui 45 | Nā paipu, nā noi kūkulu (Lūkia) |
Hoʻohana:ʻO ka hoʻoili ʻaila a me ke kinoea, ka wai a me ka wai hoʻokahe, nā papahana kūkulu, scaffolding, ke kumu piling, ka wai kaomi kiʻekiʻe, ka hana kemika, ka hana mana, ke kūkulu ʻana, ka ʻenekinia moana, nā paipu paila, nā mea hoʻololi wela, nā superheaters, nā condensers, ka lawelawe mahana haʻahaʻa, nā noi kikoʻī, nā cylinders hydraulic, nā ʻōnaehana paipu wili
6. Kaʻina Hana Hana - Paipu Kila ERW / HFW
Nānā ʻana i nā mea maka:Ua hōʻoia ʻia nā wili kila e hiki mai ana no ka haku mele kemika, nā waiwai mechanical, a me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili. Ua hāʻawi ʻia kēlā me kēia wili i kahi helu wela kūikawā no ka hiki ke hahai piha ʻia.
Wehe a hoʻohaʻahaʻa:Ua wehe ʻia nā wili a hoʻopālahalaha ʻia e hoʻopalahalaha i ke kaha a wehe i ka hoʻonohonoho wili, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka palahalaha like no ka hoʻokumu mau ʻana.
Wili ʻana a me ka ʻoki ʻana i ka lihi:Ua wili ʻia nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kaha i ka ʻae ʻana i ka laulā pololei (± 0.5mm), e hana ana i kahi ʻili maʻemaʻe a like no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka wili kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻokumu Anu:Hele ke kaha pae ʻia ma o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōwili e hoʻopololei mālie ana i ke kaha pālahalaha i loko o kahi pūpū paipu cylindrical hāmama.
Kuʻihao Alapine Kiʻekiʻe (HFW/ERW):Hoʻomehana ke au alapine kiʻekiʻe (200-500 kHz) i nā ʻaoʻao pili i ka mahana forging (1,350-1,500°C). E ʻomi i nā ʻōwili e kaomi i nā ʻaoʻao i wela ʻia, e hana ana i kahi wili forged me ka ʻole o ka mea hoʻopihapiha.
Wehe ʻana i nā Bead Weld:Hoʻopau ʻia ke kukui kūloko a me waho e nā pahi scarfing carbide i ka wā e wela ana, e hana ana i kahi ʻili laumania me ka hoʻoikaika liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻopili ʻana.
Ka nui:Hele ka paipu i hoʻopili ʻia ma o nā ʻōwili ana e hoʻokō ai i ka hoʻomanawanui OD pololei (± 0.5% a i ± 1.0%). Hoʻopuka nā ʻōwili hou i nā ʻano huinahā/ʻālikelike inā pono.
Ka Lapaʻau Wela (Koho):Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ke hoʻonohonoho maʻamau ma 890-930°C no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ductility a i ʻole ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ke kaumaha, e hana ana i kahi microstructure ferrite-pearlite like.
ʻOki ʻana i ka lōʻihi:Ua ʻoki ʻia ka paipu i nā lōʻihi i kuhikuhi ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻoki lele me ka mana kikoʻī (± 3mm).
Hoʻāʻo ʻAʻole Luku:
●Hoʻāʻo Ultrasonic (UT):Nānā 100% o ke kuʻi wili a me ke kino paipu no nā laminations, nā inclusions, a me ka nele o ka fusion.
●Hoʻāʻo ʻana o ke au Eddy (ET):Ka nānā mau ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka weld ma ka pūnaewele.
●Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic:Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia paipu i 95% o SMYS no ka liʻiliʻi he 10 kekona.
Hoʻopau hope:Nā wēlau maʻemaʻe, nā wēlau beveled (30°-35° me ka pae ʻana 1.6mm), a i ʻole nā wēlau wili e like me ka kikoʻī o ka mea kūʻai aku.
Nānā Hope Loa & Māka:Nānā maka, hōʻoia ʻana i nā ana (OD, WT, lōʻihi, pololei), a me ka māka mau loa e like me ke kūlana (papa, nui, helu wela, mea hana).
7. Nā Kaʻina Hana Hoʻomalu a me ka Hoʻāʻo ʻana
| Kahua | ʻAno Nānā | Kumu |
| Mea Maka | Ka Loiloi Kemika (OES Spectrometer) | E hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana me nā palena o ka haku mele ʻana o API 5L |
| Mea Maka | Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka Tensile | E hōʻoia i ka hua, ka ikaika tensile, ka elongation |
| Ke Kaʻina Hana Nei | Nānā Ana (Micrometers, Calipers) | E nānā i ka OD, WT i ka wā e hoʻokumu ai a me ka nui ʻana |
| ʻĀpana Weld | Hoʻāʻo Ultrasonic (UT) - Ma ka Pūnaewele | ʻIke i nā discontinuities weld, nele o ka fusion |
| ʻĀpana Weld | Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke au Eddy (ET) - Ma ka Pūnaewele | Ka nānā mau ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ke kuʻi weld |
| ʻĀpana Weld | Hoʻokolokolo Macro o ka Weld Seam | E hōʻoia i ka komo ʻana o ka weld a me ke ʻano fusion |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic (10 kekona min ma 95% SMYS) | E hōʻoia i ka paʻa o ke kaomi a me ka paʻa o ka leakage |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Ultrasonic (UT) - Off-Line (Koho) | Nānā laminar kino piha |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Nānā ʻĀpana Magnetic (MPI) | Ka ʻike ʻana i nā māwae ʻili (weld a me HAZ) |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo hopena Charpy V-Notch | E hōʻoia i ka paʻakikī o ka mahana haʻahaʻa (PSL2) |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Paʻakikī (HRC / HV10) | E hōʻoia i nā palena paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa (lawelawe ʻawaʻawa) |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Kūlou Alakaʻi (Maka & Aʻa) | E hōʻoia i ka ductility a me ke kūpaʻa o ka weld |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Hoʻopālahalaha | E hōʻoia i ka ductility a me ke kūpaʻa o ke kino o ka paipu |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Nānā Ana a me ka ʻIke Maka | E hōʻoia i ka OD, WT, ka lōʻihi, ka pololei, ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Ka Hōʻoia ʻana o ka Māka | E hōʻoia i ka māka mau loa no kēlā me kēia API 5L |
Nā Hoʻāʻo ʻē aʻe no ka PSL2 / Sour Service:
● Hoʻāʻo HIC (Haydrogen Induced Cracking) no NACE TM0284
● Hoʻāʻo SSC (Sulfide Stress Cracking) e like me NACE TM0177 Ke ʻAno A
● Hoʻāʻo hopena CVN ma -10°C, -20°C, a i ʻole -46°C
● Hōʻoia Paʻakikī (≤ 22 HRC / ≤ 248 HV10 no ka pale ʻana iā HIC)
Palapala Kūlana:
● Palapala Hoʻāʻo Wili e like me EN 10204 ʻAno 2.2, 3.1, a i ʻole 3.2
● Hōʻike Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic (paipu-ma-paipu)
● Hōʻike Nānā UT / ET
● Ka hiki ke hahai ʻia mai ka helu wela a i ka paipu i hoʻopau ʻia
8. Nā Hoʻohana Kumu ERW Steel Pipe
He mau ʻāpana koʻikoʻi nā paipu ERW i ka hoʻoili ʻaila a me ke kinoea a me nā noi ʻoihana like ʻole:
Hoʻoili ʻaila a me ke kinoea:Nā paipu paipu lōʻihi ma uka a me waho no ka ʻaila maka, ke kinoea kūlohelohe, a me nā huahana ʻaila i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia.
Ka Halihali Wai Kiʻekiʻe-Pressure:Nā laina hoʻokomo wai, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolei wai i hana ʻia, a me ka hoʻoili wai kiʻekiʻe i nā kahua aila a me nā hale hana.
Nā Papahana Paipu Ma Uka:Nā laina hōʻiliʻili ma waena o ka ʻāina, nā laina kumu, a me nā paipu hoʻolaha ma nā kahua aila a me ke kinoea.
Nā ʻōnaehana paipu kai:Nā laina kahe o lalo o ka moana, nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe, a me nā paipu hoʻokuʻu aku no nā kahua ma waho o ke kai a me nā hoʻopau ʻana o lalo o ka moana (me nā koho lawelawe PSL2 a me ka sour).
Nā Kaiapuni Lawelawe ʻAwaʻawa:ʻO nā paipu e lawelawe ana i ke kinoea ʻawaʻawa pulu (loaʻa ka H₂S) e pono ai ka PSL2 me nā koi pākuʻi e pili ana i ke kū'ē ʻana o HIC a me SSC e like me nā kūlana NACE.
Ka Hoʻoili ʻana o ka Wai:Nā paipu hoʻolako wai me ke anawaena nui, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoinu wai, a me ka hoʻoili wai maka no ka hoʻohana ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale a me nā ʻoihana.
Ka Hoʻōla ʻAi Wai a me ka Wai ʻŌpala:Nā paipu hoʻokahe wai, nā paipu hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me nā ʻōnaehana lawelawe lepo.
Nā Noi Kūkulu ʻOihana:Nā ʻūpā paipu, nā kākoʻo, nā pale, a me nā ʻāpana kūkulu i loko o nā hale hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā hale hana petrochemical, a me nā hale ʻoihana.
Nā Hale Hana ʻAila a me ke Kinoea:Nā laina kahe, nā poʻomanaʻo, nā manifolds, a me nā paipu hoʻohui i nā hale hana hana a me nā kikowaena compressor.
EPC & Paipu Mea Hana:ʻO nā paipu hana a me nā pono hana i loko o nā hale hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā hale hana hana kinoea, nā hale kemika, a me nā hale hana mana.
9. Hoʻopili a me ka hoʻouna ʻana
Hoʻopili ʻia a hoʻouna ʻia nā paipu ERW me ke akahele loa e hōʻoia i ko lākou palekana i ka wā e lawe ʻia ai. Eia ka wehewehe ʻana o ke kaʻina hana hoʻopili a me ka hoʻouna ʻana:
Pūʻolo:
Uhi Palekana:Ma mua o ka hoʻopili ʻana, hiki ke uhi ʻia nā paipu me kahi papa lahilahi o ka ʻaila anti-rust a i ʻole ka varnish pale e pale aku i ka palaho o ka ʻili a me ka oxidation i ka wā e mālama ai a me ka lawe ʻana. Loaʻa pū ka hoʻopau ʻōlohelohe no ka hoʻopili koke ʻana i ka wahi i hele ʻia ai.
Hoʻopili ʻana:Hoʻopili pono ʻia nā paipu o nā ana like a me nā kikoʻī i loko o nā puʻupuʻu hexagonal a i ʻole rectangular. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaula kila (maʻamau he 3-5 mau kaula no kēlā me kēia puʻupuʻu) e pale ai i ka neʻe ʻana i loko o ka puʻupuʻu.
Nā Pale Hopena:Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pāpale hopena palaki (PE a i ʻole PP) ma nā wēlau ʻelua o kēlā me kēia paipu e pale i nā wēlau beveled, nā wēlau maʻemaʻe, a me nā pilina wili mai ka pōʻino o ka hopena, ke komo ʻana o nā ʻōpala, a me ka makū.
Ka Hoʻopili ʻana a me ka Cushioning:No nā kauoha hoʻokuʻu aku kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa e like me nā apo huʻa a i ʻole nā ʻāpana laholio ma waena o nā papa paipu e pale aku ai i ka ʻānai ʻana a me ka hōʻino ʻana o ka uhi ʻana i ka wā e lawelawe ai.
Nā Pahu Lāʻau a i ʻole nā Pahu:No nā paipu paia lahilahi, nā paipu kikoʻī, a i ʻole nā kauoha uhi kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā paipu i loko o nā pahu lāʻau paʻa a i ʻole nā pahu plywood e hāʻawi i ka palekana i hoʻonui ʻia mai nā mana o waho a me ka lawelawe ʻino.
Hoʻouna ʻana:
ʻAno o ka halihali:Hoʻouna ʻia nā paipu ma o nā moku ipu (20 kapuaʻi/40 kapuaʻi), nā mea lawe nui, a i ʻole ka ukana kaʻaahi ma muli o ka wahi e hele ai, ka nui, a me ka wikiwiki. Loaʻa ka ukana ea no nā hoʻouna laʻana a i ʻole nā hoʻouna manawa koʻikoʻi.
Hoʻokomo ʻana i loko o nā ipu:Nā kauoha liʻiliʻi a waena i hoʻouka ʻia i loko o nā pahu hoʻouna maʻamau, e pale ana i ka ukana mai ka wā, ka makū, a me nā mea haumia o waho i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana.
Hoʻouka ʻana i ka moku nui:ʻO nā kauoha nui (ma ke ʻano maʻamau >200 tons) i hoʻouka pololei ʻia i loko o nā mea lawe ukana nui. ʻO nā kaola hāpai a me nā kaola hohola e pale aku i ka hōʻino; e hoʻopaʻa i ka ukana mai ka neʻe ʻana o ke kai a hoʻopaʻa i ka ukana.
Ka Lepili & Palapala:Ua lepili maopopo ʻia kēlā me kēia pūʻolo me ka papa, ke kūlana, nā ana, ka helu wela, a me nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi lawelawe. ʻO nā palapala piha (bila kūʻai kalepa, papa inoa hoʻopili, bila ukana, Palapala Hoʻomaka, Palapala Hoʻāʻo Hale Wili) i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻalahi ʻana o nā dute.
Hoʻopaʻa Paʻa:Nā puʻupuʻu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke kaula kila, nā ʻeke dunnage, a i ʻole ke kākoʻo lāʻau e pale aku ai i ka neʻe ʻana, ka ʻōwili ʻana, a i ʻole ka hōʻino ʻia i ka wā e lawe ʻia ai.
Ka Hahai & ʻInikua:Hāʻawi ʻia nā helu hahai ipu no ka nānā ʻana i ka manawa maoli. Loaʻa ka ʻinikua ukana moana (All Risk a i ʻole Me ka Average) ma ke noi.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, hōʻoia ʻo Womic Steel ua hoʻopili ʻia nā paipu ERW Steel āpau me nā hana pale alakaʻi ʻoihana a hoʻouna ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano halihali hilinaʻi e hiki ai i ko lākou wahi i ke kūlana maikaʻi loa. He mea nui nā kaʻina hana hoʻopili a me ka hoʻouna kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i ka pono a me ka maikaʻi o nā huahana i hāʻawi ʻia.
10. Nā Pōmaikaʻi a me nā FAQ o Womic Steel
No ke aha e hui pū ai me Womic Steel?
Hale Kūʻai Hoʻokahi:ʻO ka laulā piha mai nā paipu API 5L ERW a hiki i nā mea hoʻopili paipu OEM e kūlike ana (Elbows, Tees, Reducers, Flanges, Caps) ma nā papa mea kūpono, me ke kila kalapona, ke kila alloy, a me ke kila kila.
Hoʻokō ʻenehana:Nā Palapala Hōʻoia Hoʻāʻo Wili Piha (EN 10204 ʻAno 2.2, 3.1, a i ʻole 3.2) i hāʻawi ʻia me kēlā me kēia ukana, e hōʻike kikoʻī ana i ka haku mele kemika pololei, nā hopena hoʻāʻo mīkini, a me nā hōʻike hoʻokolokolo ʻaʻole luku.
Nā lawelawe waiwai i hoʻohui ʻia:Loaʻa ka beveling hopena (30°-35°), ke kaula ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana, ke kau ʻana i nā pāpale plastik, a me ka uhi anti-corrosion (FBE, 3LPE, 3LPP, Epoxy, Galvanizing) i loko o ka hale a i ʻole ma o nā hale hana hoa kūpono.
Hoʻokūkū Logistics:ʻO ka hui pū ʻana me nā mea hoʻouna ukana honua e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā ipu i hoʻonui ʻia (e hoʻonui ana i ka nui no kēlā me kēia ipu) a me ka hoʻouna ʻana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa me ke kumukūʻai kūpono me nā manawa transit hilinaʻi.
Waihona a me ka Loaʻa:ʻO ka waihona nui o nā nui API 5L X52 maʻamau (2"-24" OD, Papa Kuhikuhi 10-80) e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i nā manawa alakaʻi pōkole a me ka pane wikiwiki i nā koi papahana wikiwiki. Hana ʻia nā nui maʻamau ma ke noi me ka manawa alakaʻi maʻamau o 30-45 mau lā.
Ka Mana Hana ʻAwaʻawa:Ka hiki piha e hoʻolako i nā paipu PSL2 me ka hoʻāʻo HIC a me SSC e like me nā kūlana NACE no nā noi kinoea ʻawaʻawa. Paʻakikī i kāohi ʻia i ≤ 248 HV10 / ≤ 22 HRC.
E koho iā Womic Steel Group ma ke ʻano he hoa hilinaʻi no nā Paipu Kila API 5L X52 ERW kiʻekiʻe a me ka hana hoʻouna lanakila ʻole. Welina mai e nīnau!
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Nā Nīnau i Nīnau Pinepine ʻia (FAQ)
Q: He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o S355J2H a me nā māka EN 10219 ʻē aʻe e like me S235JRH a me S275JRH?
A: ʻO ka ikaika haʻahaʻa loa o S235JRH he 235 MPa, ʻo S275JRH he 275 MPa, a ʻo S355J2H he 355 MPa. Hāʻawi ʻo S355J2H i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe loa ma waena o kēia mau papa maʻamau ʻekolu. Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā S355J2H ka helu hopena J2 (-20°C, 27J ka palena iki), ʻoiai ʻo S235JRH a me S275JRH he helu hopena JR (mahana lumi, 27J ka palena iki). No nā noi e koi ana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ke kū'ē ʻana i ka hopena haʻahaʻa, ʻo S355J2H ke koho makemake ʻia. No nā papahana e koi ana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe aʻe (420 MPa a i ʻole 460 MPa), loaʻa ʻo S420MH a me S460MH.
Q: He aha ke ʻano o ka hōʻailona "J2H" ma S355J2H?
A: Ua haki ka hoʻolālā penei: ʻO "S" ke kū nei no ke kila kila, ʻo "355" ke hōʻike nei i ka ikaika haʻahaʻa loa o 355 MPa, kuhikuhi ʻo "J2" i ka hoʻāʻo hopena Charpy ma -20°C me ka ikehu awelika haʻahaʻa he 27J, a ʻo "H" ke hōʻike nei i ka ʻāpana Hollow (i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke anu). No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana: "JR" = hopena mahana o ka lumi (20°C), "J0" = hopena 0°C, "J2" = hopena -20°C, "K2" = hopena -20°C me ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe (ka palena iki he 40J).
Q: Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo S355J2H no nā hale i hoʻopili ʻia? He aha nā kaʻina hana hoʻopili i ʻōlelo ʻia?
A: ʻAe, hāʻawi ʻo S355J2H i ka hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi loa ma muli o kona haʻahaʻa kalapona like (CEV ≤ 0.45%). ʻO nā kaʻina hana hoʻopili i ʻōlelo ʻia e komo pū me MAG (135), TIG (141), MMA (111), a me SAW (12). ʻAʻole pono ka hoʻomehana mua ʻana no nā mānoanoa o ka paia ma lalo o 20mm ma lalo o nā kūlana hale hana maʻamau. No nā ʻāpana mānoanoa a i ʻole nā mahana ambient haʻahaʻa, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka hoʻomehana mua ʻana ma 50-100°C. Pono nā mea hoʻopau hoʻopili e kūlike me ka ikaika o ka mea kumu (maʻamau ʻo ER70S-6 a i ʻole like). E hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau i nā kaʻina hana hoʻopili e like me EN 1090 a i ʻole nā kūlana kūpono.
Q: He aha nā ʻano i loaʻa no EN 10219 S355J2H? Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolako i nā paipu huinahā a me nā ʻāpana huinahā?
ʻAe, uhi ʻo EN 10219 i nā ʻāpana hakahaka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke anu i ʻekolu mau ʻano: poepoe (nā ʻāpana hakahaka poepoe - CHS), huinahā (nā ʻāpana hakahaka huinahā - SHS), a me ka huinahā (nā ʻāpana hakahaka huinahā - RHS). Hāʻawi ʻo Womic Steel i nā ʻano ʻekolu ma ka papa S355J2H. Loaʻa nā nui poepoe mai 21.3mm a 610mm OD. ʻO nā nui huinahā mai 20x20mm a 500x500mm. ʻO nā nui huinahā mai 40x20mm a 600x400mm. E ʻoluʻolu e hāʻawi i kāu mau koi kikoʻī no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka loaʻa.
Q: He aha ka lōʻihi loa i loaʻa no ka paipu EN 10219 S355J2H ERW?
A: Hāʻawi mākou i nā lōʻihi paʻa maʻamau o 6 mika a me 12 mika (ma kahi o 20 a me 40 kapuaʻi) no nā anawaena a hiki i 610mm (24"). No nā anawaena liʻiliʻi (ma lalo o 168mm / 6"), loaʻa nā lōʻihi maʻamau a hiki i 18 mika (60 kapuaʻi) ma ke noi ʻana. No nā ʻāpana huinahā a me nā ʻāpana huinahā, ʻo ka lōʻihi loa he 12 mika maʻamau. ʻO nā lōʻihi lōʻihi no nā papahana kikoʻī e pono ai nā kikoʻī kikoʻī a me ka loiloi ʻenekinia.
Q: He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o EN 10219 a me EN 10210? ʻO wai kaʻu e koho ai?
A: Uhi ʻo EN 10219hoʻokumu anu ʻianā ʻāpana hakahaka kūkulu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (kaʻina hana ERW/HFW), e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻae ʻana o ka dimensional paʻa a me ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻili maikaʻi. Uhi ʻo EN 10210hoʻopau welanā ʻāpana hakahaka kūkulu (seamless a i ʻole ka wili wela), e hāʻawi ana i nā koʻikoʻi koena haʻahaʻa a me ka hana maikaʻi no nā noi ukana kaumaha. No ke kūkulu ʻana maʻamau, nā kiʻikuhi hale, a me nā noi pololei, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kumukūʻai o EN 10219. No nā noi kūkulu kaumaha, nā kahua kai, a me nā kūlana ukana ikaika, makemake ʻia ʻo EN 10210. Loaʻa i nā kūlana ʻelua ka papa S355J2H me nā waiwai mechanical like.
Q: Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo EN 10219 S355J2H no nā noi ma kahakai a me ke kai?
ʻAe, kūpono ʻo S355J2H me ka helu hopena J2 (-20°C) no nā noi he nui ma waho a me ke kai e like me nā ʻano hana luna, ka pale ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu, nā kākoʻo papahele, a me nā lako kai. Eia nō naʻe, no nā noi ma waho koʻikoʻi e koi ana i ka hopena mahana haʻahaʻa (-40°C a i ʻole -50°C) a i ʻole nā koi mea paʻakikī, ʻo S355ML, S355NL, a i ʻole EN 10225 mau māka (S355G8+M, S355G10+M) ka mea maʻamau i kuhikuhi ʻia. E ʻoluʻolu e hāʻawi i nā kikoʻī o kāu papahana no ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo māka kūpono.
Q: He aha nā ʻano hoʻopau ʻili i loaʻa no nā paipu EN 10219 S355J2H?
A: Hāʻawi mākou i nā koho hoʻopau ʻili like ʻole e like me: Bare (as-welded, mill scale), Oiled (uhi ʻaila anti-rust māmā), Black coated (lacquer a varnish paha), Primed (shop primer no ka hoʻopili ʻana), Hot-dip galvanized (uhi zinc no ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion), Painted (nā kala a me nā ʻōnaehana maʻamau), a me nā uhi Anti-corrosion (epoxy, polyurethane, a i ʻole nā ʻōnaehana i kuhikuhi ʻia). No nā noi kūkulu e pono ai ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, ʻo ka galvanizing hot-dip e like me EN ISO 1461 ke koho maʻamau.
Q: He aha nā hoʻāʻo ʻana ʻaʻole luku (NDT) i loaʻa no nā paipu EN 10219 S355J2H?
A: Hāʻawi mākou i nā koho NDT he nui: 100% Ultrasonic Testing (UT) o ka weld seam a me ke kino paipu, Eddy Current Testing (ET) no ka nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka weld ma ka pūnaewele, Hydrostatic Testing (hoʻāʻo kaomi), Nānā ʻike maka a me ka dimensional, Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI) no ka ʻike ʻana i ka māwae ʻili, a me Radiographic Testing (RT) no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka weld seam. ʻAʻole koi ʻo Standard EN 10219 i ka NDT no nā noi āpau, akā hiki iā mākou ke hāʻawi i kekahi hoʻāʻo e pono ai e like me ka kikoʻī o ka mea kūʻai aku.
Q: Hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i ka nānā ʻana o nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu no nā paipu EN 10219 S355J2H?
A: ʻAe. Hoʻokipa mākou a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā nānā ʻana e DNV, BV, SGS, TÜV, ABS, LR, a i ʻole kekahi ʻelele i koho ʻia e ka mea kūʻai aku i ka wā o ka hana ʻana (e ʻike ana i ka nānā ʻana i ka dimensional, NDT, hoʻāʻo mechanical) a ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana. 3.2 nā palapala hōʻoia nānā i hōʻoia ʻia e nā kino ʻaoʻao ʻekolu i ʻae ʻia e hāʻawi mau ʻia ma ke noi. No nā papahana ʻEulopa e koi ana i ka māka CE, hāʻawi mākou i ka Hōʻike o ka Hana (DoP) ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka palapala hoʻokō.
Q: Ke hāʻawi nei ʻoe i nā lawelawe ʻoki-a-lōʻihi a me ka hana ʻana no nā ʻāpana S355J2H?
A: ʻAe. Hāʻawi mākou i ka ʻoki pololei i nā lōʻihi kikoʻī i kuhikuhi ʻia e ka mea kūʻai aku me nā hoʻomanawanui paʻa (maʻamau ± 3mm) a me nā wēlau maʻemaʻe, ʻaʻohe burr. ʻO nā lawelawe hana hou aʻe e pili ana i ka beveling hopena (no nā pilina wili), ka hoʻopalahalaha ʻana o ka hopena (no nā pilina kikoʻī), ka wili ʻana (no nā lua bolt), ka notching (no nā pilina frame), a me ka wili ʻana o nā papa hopena a i ʻole nā pā pili. E ʻoluʻolu e hāʻawi i kāu mau kiʻi hana no nā koi maʻamau.
Q: He aha ka manawa alakaʻi maʻamau no nā paipu EN 10219 S355J2H ERW?
A: ʻO ka manawa alakaʻi maʻamau no nā nui waihona (nā anawaena maʻamau a me nā mānoanoa o ka paia) ma kahi o 15-25 mau lā. No nā nui ʻole waihona a i ʻole nā nui maʻamau, ʻo ka manawa alakaʻi ma kahi o 30-45 mau lā mai ka hōʻoia ʻana o ke kauoha. No nā nui nui (>500 tons) a i ʻole nā koi kūikawā (nānā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu, uhi kūikawā, lōʻihi maʻamau), hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka manawa alakaʻi i 45-60 mau lā. Loaʻa paha nā kauoha wikiwiki (15-20 mau lā) no nā nui liʻiliʻi o nā nui maʻamau. E ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou no nā manawa alakaʻi o kēia manawa e pili ana i kāu mau koi kikoʻī.
Q: He aha nā palapala hōʻoia a me nā palapala āu e hāʻawi ai me nā hoʻouna paipu S355J2H?
A: Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ukana nā palapala piha: Palapala Hoʻāʻo Wili e like me EN 10204 ʻAno 3.1 (a i ʻole ʻAno 2.2 / 3.2 ma ke noi ʻana) me ka hoʻohuihui kemika, nā waiwai tensile, a me nā hopena hoʻāʻo hopena; Hōʻike Nānā Ana; Ka māka CE a me ka Hōʻike Hana (DoP) no ka mākeke ʻEulopa; Papa Inoa Hoʻopaʻa; Bila Kūʻai; Palapala Hoʻouka; a me ka Palapala Kumu (inā pono). No nā kauoha i nānā ʻia e nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu, hāʻawi ʻia nā hōʻike nānā hou a me nā palapala hōʻoia hōʻike.
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