1. Womic Steel: Nā Mana Hana a me ka Ikaika o ka ʻOihana
He mea hana mua ʻo Womic Steel Group a he mea hoʻopuka aku ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa me ka ʻoi aku o 20 mau makahiki o ka ʻike loea i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana tubular kalapona, alloy, a me ke kila kila. ʻO kā mākou hale hana hana paipu ERW kiʻekiʻe loa e uhi ana i kahi hiki ke hana piha ma mua o 15,000 tons i kēlā me kēia mahina no nā paipu kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke kūpaʻa uila.
Ka laulā nui o ka hana no ka paipu EN 10217 P235GH ERW:ʻO ke anawaena waho mai 21.3mm a i 610mm (1/2 ʻīniha a i 24 ʻīniha) me ka mānoanoa o ka paia mai 2.0mm a i 20.0mm. Loaʻa nā lōʻihi hoʻokahi o 6m, nā lōʻihi pālua o 12m, a i ʻole nā lōʻihi maʻamau e like me ka mea e pono ai.
Nā Palapala Hōʻoia Kūlana a me ka Hoʻokō ʻana i nā Hoʻoponopono:
Hōʻoia ʻia ʻo ISO 9001:2015:ʻŌnaehana hoʻokele maikaʻi e hōʻoia ana i ka maikaʻi mau o ka huahana ma nā hana āpau.
Ka Hōʻailona CE (PED 2014/68/EU):Hoʻokō piha me ke Kauoha Lako Hana Kaomi ʻEulopa no nā noi kaomi. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka māka CE a me ka Hōʻike o ka Hana (DoP) no ka ʻae ʻana o ka mākeke ʻEulopa.
Palapala Hōʻoia EN 10204 3.2:Palapala Hōʻoia Nānā 3.2 i hōʻoia ʻia e TÜV, LR, BV, a i ʻole SGS no nā noi kaomi koʻikoʻi e pono ai ka hiki ke hahai piha ʻia.
Nā ʻae ʻia e ka Nānā ʻAoʻao ʻEkolu (TPI):Nā huahana a me nā kaʻina hana i ʻāpono ʻia e SGS, BV, ABS, LR, DNV, GL, a me TÜV.
Nā Palapala Hōʻoia ʻē aʻe:Loaʻa ka ISO 14001, ISO 45001 ma ke noi.
Hoʻomaopopo Honua:He mea hoʻolako hilinaʻi ʻo Womic Steel i nā mea hana paila, nā mea hana ipu kaomi, nā mea kanu mana, a me nā hale hana petrochemical, e lawelawe ana ma mua o 80 mau ʻāina ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
2. Paipu kila EN 10217 P235GH ERW: Nā ʻano o ka hoʻohuihui ʻana o nā mea a me ka hana
ʻO EN 10217 P235GH kahi paipu kila ʻaʻole i hana kūikawā ʻia no nā kumu kaomi ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe. Hōʻike ka "P" i ke kumu Kaomi, hōʻike ka "235" i ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi o 235 MPa, hōʻike ka "G" i nā waiwai mahana kiʻekiʻe, a hōʻike ka "H" i ka hoʻāʻo hydraulic (kaomi hydrostatic). ʻO ka helu papa 1.0345 ka hōʻailona helu ma lalo o EN 10027-2.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me P265GH (265 MPa yield) a me P355GH (355 MPa yield), hāʻawi ʻo P235GH i ka ikaika maikaʻi ma nā mahana kūpono me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka weldability maikaʻi loa a me ke ʻano. He kūpono ʻo P235GH no ka hana mau ʻana ma nā mahana a hiki i ka 400°C, e lilo ia i koho makemake ʻia no nā pahu paila, nā mea hoʻololi wela, a me nā ipu kaomi i ka lawelawe mahana kūpono.
EN 10217 P235GH ERW Paipu kila Kemika Hoʻohuihui (Loiloi Ladle, % ma ke kaumaha):
| ʻElemene | C kiʻekiʻe | Si max | Mn max | P kiʻekiʻe | S kiʻekiʻe | ʻOi loa ka Cr | ʻO Cu max | Mo max | Ni max |
| P235GH | 0.16 | 0.35 | 1.20 | 0.025 | 0.020 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.10 | 0.30 |
*Nānā: ʻO ka nui o ka Aluminum (Al) he 0.020% ka liʻiliʻi loa. ʻAʻole e ʻoi aku ka nui o Cr+Cu+Mo+Ni ma mua o 0.70%. ʻO ka haʻahaʻa o ke kalapona a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka alloy e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka weldability a me ke ʻano no ka hana ʻana i nā lako kaomi.*
Nā Waiwai Mekanika o ka Paipu Kila EN 10217 P235GH ERW (Mahana o ka Lumi):
| Mānoanoa o ka paia (mm) | Ikaika Hāʻawi (min) | Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa | Hoʻolōʻihi (min) |
| t ≤ 16mm | 235 MPa | 360-500 MPa | 24% |
| 16mm < t ≤ 40mm | 225 MPa | 360-500 MPa | 24% |
| 40mm < t ≤ 60mm | 215 MPa | 360-500 MPa | 23% |
Nānā: Mālama ʻo P235GH i ka ikaika pono a hiki i ka 400°C. No nā mahana kiʻekiʻe (ma luna o 400°C), ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo P265GH a i ʻole nā papa alloy e like me 16Mo3.
Paipu kila EN 10217 P235GH ERW Ikaika hāʻawi mahana kiʻekiʻe:
| Mahana (°C) | 100 | 200 | 300 | 350 | 400 |
| Ikaika Hua (MPa) | 225 | 190 | 170 | 165 | 155 |
Nānā: Hōʻike kēia mau waiwai i ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi loa ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, e hōʻike ana i ke kūpono o P235GH no nā noi paila a me nā mea hoʻololi wela.
Nā Waiwai Hopena o ka Paipu Kila EN 10217 P235GH ERW:
| Kuhikuhi Hoʻāʻo | Mahana | Ikehu awelika (min) | Ikehu pilikino (min) |
| ʻO ka lōʻihi | 0°C | 27 Joules | 20 Joules |
| ʻĀwiliwili | 0°C | 27 Joules | 20 Joules |
*Nānā: He mea koi ʻia ka hoʻāʻo hopena no P235GH ma lalo o EN 10217-2. No nā noi mahana haʻahaʻa ma lalo o 0°C, ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia ka P235GH.*
3. EN 10217 P235GH ERW Steel Pipe Ana a me ka Hoʻokō ʻana i nā Kūlana
Hāʻawi ʻo Womic Steel i nā paipu EN 10217 P235GH ERW ma kahi ākea ākea, e kūlike piha ana me ke kūlana EN 10217-2:2024.
| Mea | Nā kikoʻī |
| Kūlana Maʻamau | EN 10217-2:2024 (Nā paipu kila i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia no nā kumu kaomi - Nā paipu kila ʻole-alloy a me nā paipu kila alloy me nā waiwai mahana kiʻekiʻe i kuhikuhi ʻia) |
| Papa | P235GH (1.0345) |
| Kaʻina Hana Hana | Kuʻihao Pale Uila (ERW) / Kuʻihao Alapine Kiʻekiʻe (HFW) |
| Ka laulā o ke anawaena o waho | 21.3mm – 610mm (1/2 ʻīniha – 24 ʻīniha) |
| Pae Mānoanoa o ka Paia | 2.0mm – 20.0mm |
| Ka lōʻihi | 6m (SR), 12m (DR), a i ʻole nā lōʻihi maʻamau a hiki i 18m |
| Kūlana Hoʻouna | Hoʻopili ʻia e like me ke kuʻi ʻia / Hoʻonohonoho maʻamau (+N) |
| Hoʻopau i ka hoʻopau ʻana | Wāhi Maʻemaʻe (PE) / Wāhi Beveled (BE) |
| Hoʻopau ʻili | ʻŌlohelohe / ʻAila ʻia / ʻEleʻele i uhi ʻia |
| Māhele Nānā | TC1 (palapala hōʻoia 2.2) / TC2 (palapala hōʻoia 3.1 me NDT) |
| Nā hoʻomanawanui | OD: ±1.0% / WT: ±10% / Lōʻihi: +50mm -0mm |
4. Nā Ana a me nā Kikoʻī i Loaʻa - Paipu Kila ERW
| NB | Ka nui | OD mm | SCH40S mm | SCH5S mm | SCH10S mm | SCH10 mm | SCH20 mm | SCH40 mm | SCH60 mm | XS/80S mm | SCH80 mm | SCH100 mm | SCH120 mm | SCH140 mm | SCH160 mm | SCHXXS mm |
| 6 | 1/8” | 10.29 | 1.24 | 1.73 | 2.41 | |||||||||||
| 8 | 1/4” | 13.72 | 1.65 | 2.24 | 3.02 | |||||||||||
| 10 | 3/8” | 17.15 | 1.65 | 2.31 | 3.20 | |||||||||||
| 15 | 1/2” | 21.34 | 2.77 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.77 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 4.78 | 7.47 | ||||||
| 20 | 3/4” | 26.67 | 2.87 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 3.91 | 5.56 | 7.82 | ||||||
| 25 | 1” | 33.40 | 3.38 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.38 | 4.55 | 4.55 | 6.35 | 9.09 | ||||||
| 32 | 1 1/4” | 42.16 | 3.56 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.56 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 6.35 | 9.70 | ||||||
| 40 | 1 1/2” | 48.26 | 3.68 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.68 | 5.08 | 5.08 | 7.14 | 10.15 | ||||||
| 50 | 2” | 60.33 | 3.91 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.91 | 5.54 | 5.54 | 9.74 | 11.07 | ||||||
| 65 | 2 1/2” | 73.03 | 5.16 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.16 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 9.53 | 14.02 | ||||||
| 80 | 3” | 88.90 | 5.49 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.49 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 11.13 | 15.24 | ||||||
| 90 | 3 1/2” | 101.60 | 5.74 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.74 | 8.08 | 8.08 | ||||||||
| 100 | 4” | 114.30 | 6.02 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 6.02 | 8.56 | 8.56 | 11.12 | 13.49 | 17.12 | |||||
| 125 | 5” | 141.30 | 6.55 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 6.55 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 12.70 | 15.88 | 19.05 | |||||
| 150 | 6” | 168.27 | 7.11 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 10.97 | 14.27 | 18.26 | 21.95 | |||||
| 200 | 8” | 219.08 | 8.18 | 2.77 | 3.76 | 6.35 | 8.18 | 10.31 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 20.62 | 23.01 | 22.23 | |
| 250 | 10” | 273.05 | 9.27 | 3.40 | 4.19 | 6.35 | 9.27 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 25.40 | |
| 300 | 12” | 323.85 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.57 | 6.35 | 10.31 | 14.27 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 33.32 | 25.40 | |
| 350 | 14” | 355.60 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 11.13 | 15.09 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 23.83 | 27.79 | 31.75 | 35.71 | |
| 400 | 16” | 406.40 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 16.66 | 12.70 | 21.44 | 26.19 | 30.96 | 36.53 | 40.49 | |
| 450 | 18” | 457.20 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 14.27 | 19.05 | 12.70 | 23.83 | 29.36 | 34.93 | 39.67 | 45.24 | |
| 500 | 20” | 508.00 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 15.09 | 20.62 | 12.70 | 26.19 | 32.54 | 38.10 | 44.45 | 50.01 | |
| 550 | 22” | 558.80 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 22.23 | 12.70 | 28.58 | 34.93 | 41.28 | 47.63 | 53.98 | ||
| 600 | 24” | 609.60 | 9.53 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 17.48 | 24.61 | 12.70 | 30.96 | 38.89 | 46.02 | 52.37 | 59.54 | |
| 650 | 26” | 660.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 |
Nānā: Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka mānoanoa o ka paia ma muli o ke anawaena o ka paipu a me ka hiki ke hana. Loaʻa nā ana maʻamau ma waho o kēia pae ma ke noi ʻana.
5. Nā Kūlana Paipu Kila ERW maʻamau i hana ʻia e Womic Steel
| Kūlana Maʻamau | Nā Papa Maʻamau | Hoʻohana Maʻamau |
| API 5L (Kuhikuhi no ka Paipu Laina) | ||
| API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 | GR.B, X42, X52, X60, X65, X70 | ʻO ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea, nā paipu uka/waho |
| Paipu Laina ASTM a me ka Paipu Kūkulu | ||
| ASTM A53 (Kikokikona no ka Paipu, Kila, ʻEleʻele a me ka Wela-Ipu ʻia, Uhi ʻia me ka Zinc, Welded a me ka Seamless) | GR.A, GR.B | Wai, kinoea, mahu, ea, nā noi kūkulu |
| ASTM A135 (Kuhikuhi no ka Paipu Kila i Hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke Kūʻē Uila) | GR.A, GR.B | Wai, kinoea, mahu, nā lawelawe hoʻomaʻemaʻe |
| ASTM A252 (Kuhikuhi no nā Pile Paipu Kila Welded a Seamless) | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 | Hoʻopili kahua, hoʻopili kai, kahua alahaka |
| ASTM A500 (Kuhikuhi no ka Paipu Kūkulu Kila Kalapona i Hoʻopaʻa Anu ʻia a me ka Seamless) | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Nā paipu kūkulu, nā mōlina hale, nā alahaka |
| ASTM A501 (Kuhikuhi no ka Paipu Kūkulu Kila Kalapona Welded a Seamless i hoʻokumu ʻia me ka wela) | GR.A, GR.B | Nā noi kūkulu kaumaha, nā kolamu, nā trusses |
| Mea Hoʻololi Wela a me ka Paipu ASTM (ERW) | ||
| ASTM A178 (Kuhikuhi no ke kila kalapona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke kūpaʻa uila a me nā paipu paila kila kalapona-Manganese) | Papa A, C, D | Nā paipu paila, nā paipu superheater |
| ASTM A214 (Kuhikuhi no ka Mea Hoʻololi Wela Kalapona Kila Uila-Paʻa-Uila a me nā Paipu Condenser) | — | Nā mea hoʻololi wela, nā mea hoʻohuihui |
| ASTM A250 (Kuhikuhi no nā paipu paila kila Ferritic Alloy Steel Boiler a me Superheater i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke kūpaʻa uila) | T1, T2, T5, T9, T11, T22 | ʻO ka paila wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka superheater |
| ASTM A334 (Kuhikuhi no nā Paipu Kila Kalapona a me Alloy Seamless a Welded no ka lawelawe Haʻahaʻa-Mahana) | GR.1, GR.3, GR.6 | Hana lawelawe haʻahaʻa wela, cryogenic |
| Nā Kūlana EN / DIN / BS | ||
| EN 10217-1 (Nā paipu kila i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia no nā kumu kaomi - Nā paipu kila ʻaʻole me nā waiwai mahana lumi i kuhikuhi ʻia) | P235TR1, P265TR1 | Nā ipu kaomi, nā pahu paila, nā paipu kaomi kiʻekiʻe |
| EN 10217-2 (Nā paipu kila i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia no nā kumu kaomi - Nā paipu kila ʻole-alloy a me nā paipu kila alloy me nā waiwai mahana kiʻekiʻe i kuhikuhi ʻia) | P235GH, P265GH, P295GH, P355GH | Mahana kiʻekiʻe, nā paipu paila, nā mea hoʻololi wela |
| EN 10219-1 (Nā ʻāpana hakahaka kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i hoʻokumu anu ʻia no nā kumu kūkulu) | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H | Nā noi kūkulu, ke kūkulu hale ʻana, nā alahaka |
| EN 10210 (Nā ʻāpana hakahaka hoʻolālā wela i hoʻopau ʻia o nā kila ʻaʻole-alloy a me nā kila palaoa maikaʻi) | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H S420MH, S460MH | Nā ʻāpana hakahaka seamless/welded i hana wela ʻia no nā kumu kūkulu, ke kūkulu hale ʻana, nā alahaka |
| EN 10025-2 (Nā huahana ʻōwili wela o nā kila kūkulu - Nā kila kūkulu ʻaʻole i hoʻohuihui ʻia) | S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, | Hana kila kūkulu laulā, ʻenekinia kīwila |
| EN 10255 (Nā paipu kila ʻaʻole i hoʻohuihui ʻia i kūpono no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ke kaula ʻana) | S195T, S235JRTH | Wai, kinoea, wai ʻino, nā ʻōnaehana paipu wili |
| EN 10305-2 (Nā paipu kila no nā noi kikoʻī - Nā paipu i huki anu ʻia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia) | E215, E235, E355 | Nā noi kikoʻī, nā paukūʻoloka hydraulic |
| BS 1387 (Kuhikuhi no nā paipu kila a me nā tubular i wili ʻia a me nā socketed) | Papa A, B, C | Wai, kinoea, mahu, ʻilikai, paipu wili |
| DIN 2458 (Nā paipu kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me nā mea hoʻopili - Nā kūlana hoʻouna loea laulā) | St37.0, St44.0, St52.0 | Nā paipu kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia maʻamau, nā noi kūkulu |
| ISO a me nā Kūlana ʻē aʻe | ||
| ISO 3183 (ʻOihana ʻaila a me ke kinoea kūlohelohe - Paipu kila no nā ʻōnaehana halihali paipu) | L245, L290, L360, L415 | Nā paipu ʻaila a me ke kinoea (like ka ISO me API 5L) |
| ISO 65 (Nā paipu kila no ka wai, ke kinoea, a me ka wai hoʻokahe - Nā paipu wili) | Waena, Kaumaha | Wai, kinoea, wai hoʻoheheʻe, paipu wili |
| CSA G40.21 (Kila kūlana kūkulu - kūlana Kanada) | 44W, 50W | Nā noi kūkulu (Kanada) |
| AS 1163 (Nā ʻāpana hakahaka kila kūkulu - kūlana maʻamau o ʻAukekulelia) | C250, C350, C450 | Nā ʻāpana hakahaka kūkulu (ʻAukekulelia) |
| GOST 10706 (Nā paipu kila i hoʻopili ʻia no nā pipelines a me nā hale - ke kūlana Lūkini) | Alanui 20, Alanui 35, Alanui 45 | Nā paipu, nā noi kūkulu (Lūkia) |
Hoʻohana:ʻO ka hoʻoili ʻaila a me ke kinoea, ka wai a me ka wai hoʻokahe, nā papahana kūkulu, scaffolding, ke kumu piling, ka wai kaomi kiʻekiʻe, ka hana kemika, ka hana mana, ke kūkulu ʻana, ka ʻenekinia moana, nā paipu paila, nā mea hoʻololi wela, nā superheaters, nā condensers, ka lawelawe mahana haʻahaʻa, nā noi kikoʻī, nā cylinders hydraulic, nā ʻōnaehana paipu wili
6. Kaʻina Hana Hana - Paipu Kila ERW / HFW
Nānā ʻana i nā mea maka:Ua hōʻoia ʻia nā wili kila e hiki mai ana no ka haku mele kemika, nā waiwai mechanical, a me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili. Ua hāʻawi ʻia kēlā me kēia wili i kahi helu wela kūikawā no ka hiki ke hahai piha ʻia.
Wehe a hoʻohaʻahaʻa:Ua wehe ʻia nā wili a hoʻopālahalaha ʻia e hoʻopalahalaha i ke kaha a wehe i ka hoʻonohonoho wili, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka palahalaha like no ka hoʻokumu mau ʻana.
Wili ʻana a me ka ʻoki ʻana i ka lihi:Ua wili ʻia nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kaha i ka ʻae ʻana i ka laulā pololei (± 0.5mm), e hana ana i kahi ʻili maʻemaʻe a like no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka wili kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻokumu Anu:Hele ke kaha pae ʻia ma o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōwili e hoʻopololei mālie ana i ke kaha pālahalaha i loko o kahi pūpū paipu cylindrical hāmama.
Kuʻihao Alapine Kiʻekiʻe (HFW/ERW):Hoʻomehana ke au alapine kiʻekiʻe (200-500 kHz) i nā ʻaoʻao pili i ka mahana forging (1,350-1,500°C). E ʻomi i nā ʻōwili e kaomi i nā ʻaoʻao i wela ʻia, e hana ana i kahi wili forged me ka ʻole o ka mea hoʻopihapiha.
Wehe ʻana i nā Bead Weld:Hoʻopau ʻia ke kukui kūloko a me waho e nā pahi scarfing carbide i ka wā e wela ana, e hana ana i kahi ʻili laumania me ka hoʻoikaika liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻopili ʻana.
Ka nui:Hele ka paipu i hoʻopili ʻia ma o nā ʻōwili ana e hoʻokō ai i ka hoʻomanawanui OD pololei (± 0.5% a i ± 1.0%). Hoʻopuka nā ʻōwili hou i nā ʻano huinahā/ʻālikelike inā pono.
Ka Lapaʻau Wela (Koho):Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ke hoʻonohonoho maʻamau ma 890-930°C no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ductility a i ʻole ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ke kaumaha, e hana ana i kahi microstructure ferrite-pearlite like.
ʻOki ʻana i ka lōʻihi:Ua ʻoki ʻia ka paipu i nā lōʻihi i kuhikuhi ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻoki lele me ka mana kikoʻī (± 3mm).
Hoʻāʻo ʻAʻole Luku:
●Hoʻāʻo Ultrasonic (UT):Nānā 100% o ke kuʻi wili a me ke kino paipu no nā laminations, nā inclusions, a me ka nele o ka fusion.
●Hoʻāʻo ʻana o ke au Eddy (ET):Ka nānā mau ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka weld ma ka pūnaewele.
●Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic:Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia paipu i 95% o SMYS no ka liʻiliʻi he 10 kekona.
Hoʻopau hope:Nā wēlau maʻemaʻe, nā wēlau beveled (30°-35° me ka pae ʻana 1.6mm), a i ʻole nā wēlau wili e like me ka kikoʻī o ka mea kūʻai aku.
Nānā Hope Loa & Māka:Nānā maka, hōʻoia ʻana i nā ana (OD, WT, lōʻihi, pololei), a me ka māka mau loa e like me ke kūlana (papa, nui, helu wela, mea hana).
7. Nā Kaʻina Hana Hoʻomalu a me ka Hoʻāʻo ʻana
| Kahua | ʻAno Nānā | Kumu |
| Mea Maka | Ka Loiloi Kemika (OES Spectrometer) | E hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana me nā palena o ka haku mele ʻana o API 5L |
| Mea Maka | Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka Tensile | E hōʻoia i ka hua, ka ikaika tensile, ka elongation |
| Ke Kaʻina Hana Nei | Nānā Ana (Micrometers, Calipers) | E nānā i ka OD, WT i ka wā e hoʻokumu ai a me ka nui ʻana |
| ʻĀpana Weld | Hoʻāʻo Ultrasonic (UT) - Ma ka Pūnaewele | ʻIke i nā discontinuities weld, nele o ka fusion |
| ʻĀpana Weld | Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke au Eddy (ET) - Ma ka Pūnaewele | Ka nānā mau ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ke kuʻi weld |
| ʻĀpana Weld | Hoʻokolokolo Macro o ka Weld Seam | E hōʻoia i ka komo ʻana o ka weld a me ke ʻano fusion |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic (10 kekona min ma 95% SMYS) | E hōʻoia i ka paʻa o ke kaomi a me ka paʻa o ka leakage |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Ultrasonic (UT) - Off-Line (Koho) | Nānā laminar kino piha |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Nānā ʻĀpana Magnetic (MPI) | Ka ʻike ʻana i nā māwae ʻili (weld a me HAZ) |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo hopena Charpy V-Notch | E hōʻoia i ka paʻakikī o ka mahana haʻahaʻa (PSL2) |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Paʻakikī (HRC / HV10) | E hōʻoia i nā palena paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa (lawelawe ʻawaʻawa) |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Kūlou Alakaʻi (Maka & Aʻa) | E hōʻoia i ka ductility a me ke kūpaʻa o ka weld |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Hoʻopālahalaha | E hōʻoia i ka ductility a me ke kūpaʻa o ke kino o ka paipu |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Nānā Ana a me ka ʻIke Maka | E hōʻoia i ka OD, WT, ka lōʻihi, ka pololei, ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Ka Hōʻoia ʻana o ka Māka | E hōʻoia i ka māka mau loa no kēlā me kēia API 5L |
Nā Hoʻāʻo ʻē aʻe no ka PSL2 / Sour Service:
● Hoʻāʻo HIC (Haydrogen Induced Cracking) no NACE TM0284
● Hoʻāʻo SSC (Sulfide Stress Cracking) e like me NACE TM0177 Ke ʻAno A
● Hoʻāʻo hopena CVN ma -10°C, -20°C, a i ʻole -46°C
● Hōʻoia Paʻakikī (≤ 22 HRC / ≤ 248 HV10 no ka pale ʻana iā HIC)
Palapala Kūlana:
● Palapala Hoʻāʻo Wili e like me EN 10204 ʻAno 2.2, 3.1, a i ʻole 3.2
● Hōʻike Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic (paipu-ma-paipu)
● Hōʻike Nānā UT / ET
Ka hiki ke hahai ʻia mai ka helu wela a i ka paipu i hoʻopau ʻia
8. Nā Hoʻohana Kumu ERW Steel Pipe
He mau ʻāpana koʻikoʻi nā paipu ERW i ka hoʻoili ʻaila a me ke kinoea a me nā noi ʻoihana like ʻole:
Hoʻoili ʻaila a me ke kinoea:Nā paipu paipu lōʻihi ma uka a me waho no ka ʻaila maka, ke kinoea kūlohelohe, a me nā huahana ʻaila i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia.
Ka Halihali Wai Kiʻekiʻe-Pressure:Nā laina hoʻokomo wai, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolei wai i hana ʻia, a me ka hoʻoili wai kiʻekiʻe i nā kahua aila a me nā hale hana.
Nā Papahana Paipu Ma Uka:Nā laina hōʻiliʻili ma waena o ka ʻāina, nā laina kumu, a me nā paipu hoʻolaha ma nā kahua aila a me ke kinoea.
Nā ʻōnaehana paipu kai:Nā laina kahe o lalo o ka moana, nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe, a me nā paipu hoʻokuʻu aku no nā kahua ma waho o ke kai a me nā hoʻopau ʻana o lalo o ka moana (me nā koho lawelawe PSL2 a me ka sour).
Nā Kaiapuni Lawelawe ʻAwaʻawa:ʻO nā paipu e lawelawe ana i ke kinoea ʻawaʻawa pulu (loaʻa ka H₂S) e pono ai ka PSL2 me nā koi pākuʻi e pili ana i ke kū'ē ʻana o HIC a me SSC e like me nā kūlana NACE.
Ka Hoʻoili ʻana o ka Wai:Nā paipu hoʻolako wai me ke anawaena nui, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoinu wai, a me ka hoʻoili wai maka no ka hoʻohana ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale a me nā ʻoihana.
Ka Hoʻōla ʻAi Wai a me ka Wai ʻŌpala:Nā paipu hoʻokahe wai, nā paipu hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me nā ʻōnaehana lawelawe lepo.
Nā Noi Kūkulu ʻOihana:Nā ʻūpā paipu, nā kākoʻo, nā pale, a me nā ʻāpana kūkulu i loko o nā hale hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā hale hana petrochemical, a me nā hale ʻoihana.
Nā Hale Hana ʻAila a me ke Kinoea:Nā laina kahe, nā poʻomanaʻo, nā manifolds, a me nā paipu hoʻohui i nā hale hana hana a me nā kikowaena compressor.
EPC & Paipu Mea Hana:ʻO nā paipu hana a me nā pono hana i loko o nā hale hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā hale hana hana kinoea, nā hale kemika, a me nā hale hana mana.
9. Hoʻopili a me ka hoʻouna ʻana
Hoʻopili ʻia a hoʻouna ʻia nā paipu ERW me ke akahele loa e hōʻoia i ko lākou palekana i ka wā e lawe ʻia ai. Eia ka wehewehe ʻana o ke kaʻina hana hoʻopili a me ka hoʻouna ʻana:
Pūʻolo:
Uhi Palekana:Ma mua o ka hoʻopili ʻana, hiki ke uhi ʻia nā paipu me kahi papa lahilahi o ka ʻaila anti-rust a i ʻole ka varnish pale e pale aku i ka palaho o ka ʻili a me ka oxidation i ka wā e mālama ai a me ka lawe ʻana. Loaʻa pū ka hoʻopau ʻōlohelohe no ka hoʻopili koke ʻana i ka wahi i hele ʻia ai.
Hoʻopili ʻana:Hoʻopili pono ʻia nā paipu o nā ana like a me nā kikoʻī i loko o nā puʻupuʻu hexagonal a i ʻole rectangular. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaula kila (maʻamau he 3-5 mau kaula no kēlā me kēia puʻupuʻu) e pale ai i ka neʻe ʻana i loko o ka puʻupuʻu.
Nā Pale Hopena:Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pāpale hopena palaki (PE a i ʻole PP) ma nā wēlau ʻelua o kēlā me kēia paipu e pale i nā wēlau beveled, nā wēlau maʻemaʻe, a me nā pilina wili mai ka pōʻino o ka hopena, ke komo ʻana o nā ʻōpala, a me ka makū.
Ka Hoʻopili ʻana a me ka Cushioning:No nā kauoha hoʻokuʻu aku kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa e like me nā apo huʻa a i ʻole nā ʻāpana laholio ma waena o nā papa paipu e pale aku ai i ka ʻānai ʻana a me ka hōʻino ʻana o ka uhi ʻana i ka wā e lawelawe ai.
Nā Pahu Lāʻau a i ʻole nā Pahu:No nā paipu paia lahilahi, nā paipu kikoʻī, a i ʻole nā kauoha uhi kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā paipu i loko o nā pahu lāʻau paʻa a i ʻole nā pahu plywood e hāʻawi i ka palekana i hoʻonui ʻia mai nā mana o waho a me ka lawelawe ʻino.
Hoʻouna ʻana:
ʻAno o ka halihali:Hoʻouna ʻia nā paipu ma o nā moku ipu (20 kapuaʻi/40 kapuaʻi), nā mea lawe nui, a i ʻole ka ukana kaʻaahi ma muli o ka wahi e hele ai, ka nui, a me ka wikiwiki. Loaʻa ka ukana ea no nā hoʻouna laʻana a i ʻole nā hoʻouna manawa koʻikoʻi.
Hoʻokomo ʻana i loko o nā ipu:Nā kauoha liʻiliʻi a waena i hoʻouka ʻia i loko o nā pahu hoʻouna maʻamau, e pale ana i ka ukana mai ka wā, ka makū, a me nā mea haumia o waho i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana.
Hoʻouka ʻana i ka moku nui:ʻO nā kauoha nui (ma ke ʻano maʻamau >200 tons) i hoʻouka pololei ʻia i loko o nā mea lawe ukana nui. ʻO nā kaola hāpai a me nā kaola hohola e pale aku i ka hōʻino; e hoʻopaʻa i ka ukana mai ka neʻe ʻana o ke kai a hoʻopaʻa i ka ukana.
Ka Lepili & Palapala:Ua lepili maopopo ʻia kēlā me kēia pūʻolo me ka papa, ke kūlana, nā ana, ka helu wela, a me nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi lawelawe. ʻO nā palapala piha (bila kūʻai kalepa, papa inoa hoʻopili, bila ukana, Palapala Hoʻomaka, Palapala Hoʻāʻo Hale Wili) i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻalahi ʻana o nā dute.
Hoʻopaʻa Paʻa:Nā puʻupuʻu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke kaula kila, nā ʻeke dunnage, a i ʻole ke kākoʻo lāʻau e pale aku ai i ka neʻe ʻana, ka ʻōwili ʻana, a i ʻole ka hōʻino ʻia i ka wā e lawe ʻia ai.
Ka Hahai & ʻInikua:Hāʻawi ʻia nā helu hahai ipu no ka nānā ʻana i ka manawa maoli. Loaʻa ka ʻinikua ukana moana (All Risk a i ʻole Me ka Average) ma ke noi.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, hōʻoia ʻo Womic Steel ua hoʻopili ʻia nā paipu ERW Steel āpau me nā hana pale alakaʻi ʻoihana a hoʻouna ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano halihali hilinaʻi e hiki ai i ko lākou wahi i ke kūlana maikaʻi loa. He mea nui nā kaʻina hana hoʻopili a me ka hoʻouna kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i ka pono a me ka maikaʻi o nā huahana i hāʻawi ʻia.
10. Nā Pōmaikaʻi a me nā FAQ o Womic Steel
No ke aha e hui pū ai me Womic Steel?
Hale Kūʻai Hoʻokahi:ʻO ka laulā piha mai nā paipu API 5L ERW a hiki i nā mea hoʻopili paipu OEM e kūlike ana (Elbows, Tees, Reducers, Flanges, Caps) ma nā papa mea kūpono, me ke kila kalapona, ke kila alloy, a me ke kila kila.
Hoʻokō ʻenehana:Nā Palapala Hōʻoia Hoʻāʻo Wili Piha (EN 10204 ʻAno 2.2, 3.1, a i ʻole 3.2) i hāʻawi ʻia me kēlā me kēia ukana, e hōʻike kikoʻī ana i ka haku mele kemika pololei, nā hopena hoʻāʻo mīkini, a me nā hōʻike hoʻokolokolo ʻaʻole luku.
Nā lawelawe waiwai i hoʻohui ʻia:Loaʻa ka beveling hopena (30°-35°), ke kaula ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana, ke kau ʻana i nā pāpale plastik, a me ka uhi anti-corrosion (FBE, 3LPE, 3LPP, Epoxy, Galvanizing) i loko o ka hale a i ʻole ma o nā hale hana hoa kūpono.
Hoʻokūkū Logistics:ʻO ka hui pū ʻana me nā mea hoʻouna ukana honua e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā ipu i hoʻonui ʻia (e hoʻonui ana i ka nui no kēlā me kēia ipu) a me ka hoʻouna ʻana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa me ke kumukūʻai kūpono me nā manawa transit hilinaʻi.
Waihona a me ka Loaʻa:ʻO ka waihona nui o nā nui API 5L X52 maʻamau (2"-24" OD, Papa Kuhikuhi 10-80) e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i nā manawa alakaʻi pōkole a me ka pane wikiwiki i nā koi papahana wikiwiki. Hana ʻia nā nui maʻamau ma ke noi me ka manawa alakaʻi maʻamau o 30-45 mau lā.
Ka Mana Hana ʻAwaʻawa:Ka hiki piha e hoʻolako i nā paipu PSL2 me ka hoʻāʻo HIC a me SSC e like me nā kūlana NACE no nā noi kinoea ʻawaʻawa. Paʻakikī i kāohi ʻia i ≤ 248 HV10 / ≤ 22 HRC.
E koho iā Womic Steel Group ma ke ʻano he hoa hilinaʻi no nā Paipu Kila API 5L X52 ERW kiʻekiʻe a me ka hana hoʻouna lanakila ʻole. Welina mai e nīnau!
Pūnaewele: www.womicsteel.com
Leka uila: sales@womicsteel.com
Kelepona/WhatsApp/WeChat:
Lanakila: +86-15575100681
ʻO Jack: +86-18390957568
Nā Nīnau i Nīnau Pinepine ʻia (FAQ)
Q: He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o EN 10217 P235GH a me EN 10216 P235GH?
A: Uhi ʻo EN 10217hoʻopaʻa ʻianā paipu kila (kaʻina hana ERW/HFW), ʻoiai ʻo EN 10216 e uhi anaʻaʻohe ona pilinanā paipu kila. Hoʻākāka nā kūlana ʻelua i ka papa P235GH me nā koi kemika a me nā mechanical like. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kumukūʻai o EN 10217 (welded) a loaʻa i nā lōʻihi lōʻihi. Pono ʻo EN 10216 (seamless) no nā noi kaomi kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole kahi i ʻae ʻole ʻia ai kahi seam weld e ke code hoʻolālā. No ka hapa nui o nā noi paila a me nā ipu kaomi, ua ʻae ʻia nā mea ʻelua; akā naʻe, makemake pinepine ʻia ka seamless no ka lawelawe kaomi kiʻekiʻe koʻikoʻi.
Q: He aha ka mahana hana kiʻekiʻe loa no P235GH?
A: He kūpono ʻo P235GH no ka hana mau ʻana ma nā mahana a hiki i400°CNo nā mahana ma waena o 400°C a me 500°C, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo P265GH a i ʻole 16Mo3 (kila hao). No nā mahana ma luna o 500°C, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā papa hao kiʻekiʻe e like me 13CrMo4-5 a i ʻole 10CrMo9-10. E nānā mau i nā code hoʻolālā kūpono (EN 13445, ASME Section I, etc.) no nā palena mahana kikoʻī e pili ana i ka mānoanoa o ka paia a me nā kūlana lawelawe.
Q: Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo P235GH no nā polokalamu ASME Code?
A: ʻAʻole i helu pololei ʻia ʻo P235GH ma ka Māhele II o ASME (nā kikoʻī mea ASME). Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻae nui ʻia no nā papahana honua ma lalo o nā kūlana EN. No ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke code ASME, ʻo nā mea like e komo pū me SA-106 GR.B (seamless) a i ʻole SA-53 GR.B (welded) me nā waiwai like akā ʻokoʻa nā hoʻolālā i ʻae ʻia. No nā papahana e pono ai nā mea ASME, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻolako iā SA-106 GR.B a i ʻole SA-178 GR.A ma ke ʻano he koho ʻē aʻe. E ʻoluʻolu e hāʻawi i kāu kikoʻī papahana no ke koho pono ʻana i nā mea.
He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o P235GH a me P265GH?
A: ʻO ka ikaika haʻahaʻa loa o P235GH he 235 MPa, ʻoiai ʻo P265GH he 265 MPa (ikaika kiʻekiʻe). Hāʻawi ʻo P235GH i ka hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia a me ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa o ke kalapona (0.16% max vs 0.20% max). Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo P235GH no nā noi mahana/kaomi waena (nā pahu paila, nā mea hoʻololi wela). Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo P265GH no nā noi kaomi kiʻekiʻe kahi e pono ai ka ikaika hou. Loaʻa i nā mea ʻelua nā palena mahana kiʻekiʻe like (400°C).
Q: He aha ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ʻaʻole luku (NDT) e pono ai no EN 10217 P235GH?
A: No TC1 (Māhele Hoʻāʻo 1): Pono ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻike maka a me ka hoʻāʻo hydrostatic. No TC2 (Māhele Hoʻāʻo 2): Nānā ʻana i ka ʻike maka, hoʻāʻo hydrostatic, a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻole luku 100% (UT a i ʻole ET) o ka humuhumu weld. No nā noi kaomi koʻikoʻi, ua kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia ʻo TC2. Hiki iā Womic Steel ke hoʻolako i nā pae TC1 a me TC2. No ka hōʻoia EN 10204 3.2, koi pinepine ʻia ʻo TC2 me ka hōʻike ʻana mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu.
Q: He aha ka lōʻihi loa i loaʻa no ka paipu EN 10217 P235GH ERW?
A: Hāʻawi mākou i nā lōʻihi paʻa maʻamau o 6 mika a me 12 mika (ma kahi o 20 a me 40 kapuaʻi) no nā anawaena a hiki i 610mm (24"). No nā anawaena liʻiliʻi (ma lalo o 168mm / 6"), loaʻa nā lōʻihi maʻamau a hiki i 18 mika (60 kapuaʻi) ma ke noi. No nā noi paila a me nā mea hoʻololi wela e koi ana i nā lōʻihi U-bend kikoʻī, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻonohonoho pū me nā hale hana kulou hoa. E ʻoluʻolu e hāʻawi i kāu mau koi lōʻihi kikoʻī.
Q: Hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i ka nānā ʻana o nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu no nā paipu EN 10217 P235GH?
A: ʻAe. Hoʻokipa mākou a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā nānā ʻana e DNV, BV, SGS, TÜV, ABS, LR, a i ʻole kekahi ʻelele i koho ʻia e ka mea kūʻai aku i ka wā o ka hana ʻana (e hōʻike ana i ka hydrotest, UT/ET, ka nānā ʻana i nā dimensional) a ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana. Hoʻolako mau ʻia nā palapala hōʻoia nānā 3.2 i hōʻoia ʻia e nā kino ʻaoʻao ʻekolu i ʻae ʻia ma ke noi. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kuhikuhi lako hana kaomi ʻEulopa (PED), hāʻawi mākou i ka māka CE a me ka Hōʻike o ka Hana (DoP).
Q: He aha ka manawa alakaʻi maʻamau no nā paipu EN 10217 P235GH ERW?
A: ʻO ka manawa alakaʻi maʻamau no nā nui waihona (nā anawaena maʻamau a me nā mānoanoa o ka paia) ma kahi o 15-25 mau lā. No nā nui ʻole waihona a i ʻole nā nui maʻamau, ʻo ka manawa alakaʻi ma kahi o 30-45 mau lā mai ka hōʻoia ʻana o ke kauoha. No TC2 me 100% NDT, e hoʻohui i 5-10 mau lā. No ka nānā ʻana o nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu (hōʻoia 3.2), e hoʻohui i 10-15 mau lā no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka palapala. Loaʻa paha nā kauoha wikiwiki (15-20 mau lā) no nā nui liʻiliʻi o nā nui maʻamau. E ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou no nā manawa alakaʻi o kēia manawa.
Q: He aha nā palapala hōʻoia a me nā palapala āu e hāʻawi ai me nā hoʻouna paipu P235GH?
A: Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ukana nā palapala piha: Palapala Hōʻike Hoʻāʻo Wili e like me EN 10204 ʻAno 3.1 (a i ʻole ʻAno 2.2 / 3.2 ma ke noi ʻana) me ka hoʻohuihui kemika, nā waiwai tensile, nā waiwai mahana kiʻekiʻe, a me nā hopena hoʻāʻo hopena; Hōʻike Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic; Hōʻike NDT (UT/ET) no nā kauoha TC2; Hōʻike Nānā Ana; Ka Māka CE a me ka Hōʻike Hana (DoP) no ka mākeke ʻEulopa; Papa Inoa Hoʻopaʻa; Bila Hoʻolaha Kalepa; Palapala Hoʻouka; a me ka Palapala Hoʻomaka (inā pono).
Q: Ke hāʻawi nei ʻoe i nā lawelawe ʻoki-a-lōʻihi a me U-bend no nā paipu P235GH?
A: ʻAe. Hāʻawi mākou i ka ʻoki pololei i nā lōʻihi kikoʻī i kuhikuhi ʻia e ka mea kūʻai aku me nā hoʻomanawanui paʻa (maʻamau ± 3mm) a me nā wēlau maʻemaʻe, ʻaʻohe burr. No nā noi hoʻololi wela, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻonohonoho pū me nā hale hana kulou hoa no nā paipu U-bend (kuli anu) me nā radii kulou i kāohi ʻia a me ka ovality liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke hoʻolako ʻia nā paipu U-bend me a i ʻole me ka ʻole o ka annealing ma hope o ke kulou ʻana. E ʻoluʻolu e hāʻawi i kāu mau kiʻi kulou no nā koi maʻamau.
Q: He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kūlana hoʻouna maʻamau (+N) a me ke kūlana hoʻouna i hoʻopaʻa ʻia?
A: ʻO ka mālama wela maʻamau (+N) (890-930°C) e hana i kahi microstructure ferrite-pearlite like, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ductility a me ka paʻakikī, a hoʻomaha i nā koʻikoʻi kuʻihao koena. ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o nā koʻikoʻi koena i ke kūlana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻano palaoa like. No nā noi kaomi,i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻiaʻo ia ka mea maʻamau e like me EN 10217-2 e hōʻoia i nā waiwai kūpono no ka lawelawe mahana kiʻekiʻe. Hāʻawi ʻo Womic Steel iā P235GH ma ke kūlana maʻamau e like me ke kūlana maʻamau no nā noi kaomi.
Nā Huahana Pili
-
EN 10219 S460MH ERW Paipu kila – Ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe loa...
-
Paipu kila EN 10219 S355JRH ERW - Ikaika kiʻekiʻe ...
-
Paipu kila EN 10219 S355J2H ERW: Ikaika kiʻekiʻe ...
-
Paipu kila EN 10219 S275JRH ERW - Ikaika Waena...
-
Paipu kila EN 10219 S235JRH ERW - Kumu Kūikawā ...
-
EN 10217 P355GH ERW Paipu kila – Ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe loa...
-
Paipu kila EN 10217 P295GH ERW - Ikaika kiʻekiʻe ...
-
EN 10217 P265GH ERW Paipu kila – Ka ikaika ʻokoʻa...
-
EN 10217 P235GH ERW Paipu kila – Kiʻekiʻe Temperatu...