1. Womic Steel: Nā Mana Hana a me ka Ikaika o ka ʻOihana
Loaʻa iā Womic Steel Group ka ʻae ʻia ʻana o DNV GL no ka hana ʻana i nā paipu SAWL e like me DNV-OS-F101. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā koi o kēia kūlana ma mua o ka API 5L no nā paipu kai, me:
● Nā hoʻomanawanui dimensional paʻa (ovality ≤ 0.2% no UOE, ≤ 0.3% no JCOE)
● Hoʻāʻo paʻakikī haki i koi ʻia (CTOD - Crack Tip Opening Displacement)
● Nā koi ikehu hopena kiʻekiʻe (pinepine 50J min ma -20°C)
● Nā palena paʻakikī o ka wili ʻana (maʻamau ≤ 85 HRB no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa, ≤ 90 HRB no ka ʻawaʻawa ʻole)
● Ka hiki ke hahai piha ʻia mai ka pā a i ka paipu i hoʻopau ʻia
● Anamanaʻo ʻaoʻao ʻekolu e DNV a i ʻole kekahi hui hoʻokaʻawale i ʻike ʻia
Nā kaʻina hana: UOE (makemake ʻia no ka wai hohonu ma muli o ka poepoe kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaumaha koena haʻahaʻa) a me JCOE. ʻO ka laina UOE a Womic e komo pū ana me ka hydraulic O-press (6,000t) a me ka mechanical expander (72 mau ʻāpana) e hoʻokō ana i ka ovality ±0.15%.
Ka mana LSAW i hōʻoia ʻia e DNV i kēlā me kēia makahiki:40,000 tone.
Ka Hoʻololi Hana no DNV-OS-F101 L450:
● UOE: 508–1,220mm OD × 6.0–40.0mm WT × ≤ 24m (makemake ʻia no ka wai hohonu)
● JCOE: 406–1,422mm OD × 6.0–50.8mm WT × ≤ 18m (no nā ala wai pāpaʻu a me ke kahakai)
● Loaʻa i nā paipu āpau ka 100% UT me TOFD, hydrotest, a me ka hoʻāʻo CTOD e like me ka mea e pono ai.
2. DNV-OS-F101 L450: Nā ʻano o ka haku mele ʻana a me ka hana
Ua like ʻo DNV-OS-F101 L450 me API 5L X65 akā me nā koi hou aʻe no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma waho o ke kai. Hōʻike ka hōʻailona "L" i ka paipu laina, a ʻo "450" ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi loa ma MPa.
Ka Hoʻohui Kemika (max % ma ke kaumaha, maʻamau no L450):
| ʻElemene | DNV-OS-F101 L450 (maʻamau) | Lawelawe ʻawaʻawa (koho) |
| C | ≤ 0.12 (maʻamau 0.06-0.10) | ≤ 0.10 |
| Mn | ≤ 1.60 | ≤ 1.40 |
| P | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.020 |
| S | ≤ 0.015 | ≤ 0.003 |
| Si | ≤ 0.45 | 0.20-0.40 |
| Nb+V+Ti | ≤ 0.12 | ≤ 0.10 |
| CEV | ≤ 0.43 | ≤ 0.40 |
Nā Waiwai Mekanika (Mahana o ka Lumi):
| Waiwai | DNV-OS-F101 L450 |
| Ikaika Hāʻawi (min) | 450 MPa (65,300 psi) |
| Ikaika Hāʻawi (max) | 575 MPa (83,400 psi) |
| Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa (min) | 535 MPa (77,600 psi) |
| Hoʻolōʻihi (min) | 18% (no ke anawaena 50mm) |
| Paʻakikī (max) - ʻaʻohe ʻawaʻawa | 90 HRB |
| Paʻakikī (max) - lawelawe ʻawaʻawa | 85 HRB (maʻamau) |
Nā Koina Paʻakikī o ka Haʻihaʻi (DNV-OS-F101):
| Hoʻāʻo | Mahana | ʻAe ʻia |
| ʻO Charpy V-Notch (nui piha) | 0°C a i ʻole -20°C | ʻAwelike ≥ 50J, hoʻokahi ≥ 38J (maʻamau) |
| CTOD (metala wili a me HAZ) | -20°C a i ʻole ka emi mai | δ ≥ 0.25mm (weld), δ ≥ 0.30mm (HAZ) |
| DWTT (no ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka haki) | -20°C | ʻĀpana ʻokiʻoki ≥ 85% |
He kūpono kēia mau waiwai no kēlā me kēia papahana. Hiki iā Womic ke kūpono i nā koi o ka mea kūʻai aku.
3. Ka laulā Ana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana
| Mea | Nā kikoʻī |
| Kūlana Maʻamau | DNV-OS-F101 (Offshore Standard) - nā paipu SAWL |
| Nā Kaʻina Hana Hana | UOE (makemake ʻia), JCOE |
| Ka laulā o ke anawaena o waho | 508mm – 1,220mm (20″ – 48″) no UOE; 406mm – 1,422mm no JCOE |
| Pae Mānoanoa o ka Paia | 6.0mm – 40mm (UOE); a hiki i ka 50.8mm (JCOE) |
| Ka laulā lōʻihi | Kūlana maʻamau: 12m, 18m, 24m (UOE); a hiki i ka 18m (JCOE) |
| Hoʻopau i ka hoʻopau ʻana | ʻO ka hopena Beveled (BE) no DNV-OS-F101 |
| Hoʻopau ʻili | 3LPE, 3LPP, FBE, a i ʻole ʻōlohelohe (me ka pale ʻana i ka pala no ka manawa pōkole) |
| Nā Hoʻomanawanui (DNV) | OD: ±0.2% (UOE), ±0.5% (JCOE); Ovality: ≤ 0.2% (UOE), ≤ 0.3% (JCOE); WT: -0% / +12.5% (ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o API); Lōʻihi: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Nā Ana a me nā Kikoʻī i Loaʻa - DNV-OS-F101 L450 SAWL Steel Pipe
| OD (mm) | Nā Koho WT (mm) | Kaʻina Hana | Kaumaha Kokoke (kg/m) | Lōʻihi Maʻamau | Ka Hoʻohana Maʻamau ma waho |
| 508 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0 | UOE | 122.8 – 229.1 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Ka laina kahe ma lalo o ka moana |
| 610 | 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4 | UOE | 184.2 – 366.2 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Laina hoʻokuʻu aku kinoea |
| 711 | 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 28.0 | UOE | 240.7 – 471.7 | 12m / 18m | Mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe wai hohonu |
| 813 | 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 32.0 | UOE/JCOE | 314.4 – 616.2 | 12m / 18m | Hoʻouna nui aku |
| 914 | 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 38.0 | JCOE | 419.5 – 820.9 | 12m / 18m | Anawaena nui |
| 1,016 | 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0 | JCOE | 539.2 – 963.9 | 12m | Kai hohonu loa |
| 1,220 | 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0 | JCOE | 748.4 – 1,164.6 | 12m | Kumu wai hohonu |
No ke kai hohonu (ka hohonu o ka wai > 1,000m), ua paipai ikaika ʻia ka UOE ma muli o ka hoʻomanawanui ovality paʻa (≤ 0.2%). No ka wai pāpaʻu (< 500m), ua ʻae ʻia ka JCOE.
5. Nā Kūlana Maʻamau no nā Paipu Kai Ma waho o ke Kai
| Kūlana Maʻamau | Nā Papa kila | Hoʻohana Maʻamau |
| DNV-OS-F101 | L360, L415, L450, L485 | Nā paipu wai ma lalo o ka moana, nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe |
| API 5L PSL2 | X52, X60, X65, X70 | Ma waho o ke kai (ʻaʻole paʻakikī) |
| ISO 3183 | L360, L415, L450, L485 | Ma waho o ka ʻāina honua |
| NORSOK M-120 | X65, X70 | Paipu paepae ma waho |
| BS 7191 | L360, L450 | Nā paipu wai o ke Kai ʻĀkau |
Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo hoʻohana:Ka hoʻokuʻu aku ʻana i ke kinoea kai hohonu, nā laina kahe o lalo o ka moana, nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe ikaika, nā hoʻokokoke ʻana i kahakai, nā paipu ma waena o nā kahua.
6. Kaʻina Hana Hana - UOE (Makemake ʻia) no DNV-OS-F101 L450
Pono ʻo DNV-OS-F101 i nā kaohi paʻa ma mua o ka API 5L. ʻO UOE ke kaʻina hana i makemake ʻia.
Nā Kaʻina Hana UOE no ka Paipu Ma waho o ke Kai:
1. Nānā ʻana i ka pā– Nānā lamination ultrasonic, hōʻoia kemika, hoʻāʻo tensile a me Charpy i nā mahana i kuhikuhi ʻia.
2. Wili ʻana o ka lihi– ʻO ka J-bevel kikoʻī (±0.3mm) no ka komo ʻana o ka wili kūlike.
3. Kaomi ʻana iā U– Hoʻokumu ka mīkini paʻi 4,000t i ka pā i ke ʻano U.
4.O-kaomi ʻana– Pani ka mīkini paʻi 6,000t i ke ʻano poepoe.
5. Hoʻopili ʻana i ka wili- Nā ʻūmiʻi no ka manawa pōkole e mālama i ke ʻano.
6. Kuʻihao SAW kūloko– Hoʻokele ʻia ka hoʻokomo wela (≤ 2.5 kJ/mm no X65/L450).
7. Ke ʻoki ʻana i ke kua– Ke ʻāʻī mīkini a i ʻole ke ea, a ukali ʻia e ka wili ʻana.
8. Kuʻihao SAW waho- Hoʻouna pinepine e like me ka mea e pono ai.
9. Hoʻonui mīkini– Mea hoʻonui ʻāpana 72, hoʻonui OD 0.8-1.2%. Hoʻokō i ka ovality ≤ 0.2%.
10.100% UT me TOFD– Ke nānā ʻakomi ʻana o ka nui o ka weld holoʻokoʻa.
11. Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic– No DNV-OS-F101 (maʻamau 90-100% SMYS).
12. Hoʻāʻo CTOD– Ma ka metala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me HAZ ma ka mahana i kuhikuhi ʻia (e laʻa, -20°C).
13.DWTT– No ka kaohi ʻana i ka laha ʻana o nā haki.
14. Nānā hope loa– OD, ovality, WT, lōʻihi, pololei.
15. Ka uhi ʻana– Ua hoʻopili ʻia ʻo 3LPE/3LPP ma ka pā hale i hoʻolaʻa ʻia.
Nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi mai API 5L no DNV:
● ʻO ka ovality paʻa (0.2% vs 0.5% no ka API ma uka)
● CTOD i koi ʻia (ʻaʻole koi ʻia e API 5L)
● Nā koi Charpy kiʻekiʻe aʻe (maʻamau 50J vs 27J)
● Ka mana paʻakikī koʻikoʻi no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa
● Ka hiki ke hahai piha i nā mea me nā kiko hōʻike a ka mea ana ʻāina
7. Ka Mana Hoʻokele a me ka Hoʻāʻo ʻana no ka Paipu DNV-OS-F101 L450 SAWL
| Kahua | Nānā ʻana | Koi DNV |
| Pā | Ka Nānā Kemika | E hōʻoia i ka haku mele ʻana e like me DNV-OS-F101 |
| Pā | Uhi | Hua ≥ 450 MPa, Tensile ≥ 535 MPa |
| Pā | ʻO Charpy @ -20°C | ≥ 50J awelika, ≥ 38J hoʻokahi |
| Pā | Ultrasonic | ʻAʻohe laminations e ʻoi aku ma mua o ka mea i ʻae ʻia |
| Hoʻopili | 100% UT me TOFD | E nānā i ka nui o ka weld holoʻokoʻa, e hoʻopaʻa i nā hōʻailona āpau |
| Hoʻopili | Hoʻāʻo Radiographic (kiko) | Hōʻoia hou aʻe |
| Hoʻopili | Paʻakikī (weld, HAZ, BM) | ≤ 90 HRB (ʻawaʻawa ʻole) / ≤ 85 HRB (ʻawaʻawa) |
| Ua pau | Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic | 90-100% SMYS, paʻa ka manawa e like me ke kūlana maʻamau |
| Ua pau | CTOD (weld a me HAZ) | δ ≥ 0.25mm (weld), δ ≥ 0.30mm (HAZ) @ ka wela hoao |
| Ua pau | DWTT (inā pono) | ʻĀpana ʻokiʻoki ≥ 85% |
| Ua pau | Anamanaʻo Ana | I ʻike maka ʻia e ka mea ana ʻāina DNV |
ʻIke ʻia nā hoʻāʻo āpau e DNV a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao ʻekolu i koho ʻia e ka mea kūʻai aku (SGS, BV, ABS). Ua hoʻopuka ʻia ka palapala hōʻoia EN 10204 Type 3.2 me ka sila DNV.
8. Nā Noi Kumu – DNV-OS-F101 L450 SAWL Steel Pipe
●Nā paipu hoʻokuʻu aku kinoea wai hohonu– Ke lawe ʻana i ke kinoea kūlohelohe mai nā kahua wai hohonu (> 1,000m) a i nā kikowaena ma uka
● Nā laina kahe ʻaila a me ke kinoea ma lalo o ka moana– Hoʻohui i nā kumulāʻau subsea i nā manifolds a me nā kumu riser
● Nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe ikaika a paʻa– Nā ʻāpana kū pololei mai ka papa kai a i ka paepae (CTOD a me ka luhi koʻikoʻi)
● Nā paipu Interfield- Hoʻohui i nā kahua he nui i loko o kahi ʻāpana
● Nā ala e hele ai ma ke kahakai– Nā paipu e hele ana ma kahi o ke kai a me nā wahi kai (pono ka uhi ʻana a me ka uhi ʻana i ke kaumaha sima)
● Nā pūʻolo paipu– Nui nā laina i loko o kahi paipu lawe (L450 ma ke ʻano he mea lawe)
● Nā pilina paepae ma waho o ke kai– Hoʻohui i nā paipu paepae i nā paipu kai hohonu
kūlana
9. Hoʻopili & Hoʻouna - DNV Offshore Pipe
Hoʻouna ʻia nā paipu ma luna o nā moku haki nui me ka nānā ʻana o ka mea loiloi DNV i ka ukana. Kākoʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia paipu me ka ʻōpala lāʻau i uhi ʻia i ka laholio. He kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā poʻi hope (i mea e pale ai i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka bevel). Loaʻa i nā paipu i uhi ʻia ka ʻōwili huʻa hou. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā palapala me nā hōʻike loiloi DNV a me MTC 3.2.
10. Nā Pōmaikaʻi o ke kila Womic & FAQ - DNV-OS-F101 L450 SAWL Pipe
No ke aha ʻo Womic Steel no ka paipu DNV Offshore?
● Mea hana i ʻāpono ʻia e DNV GL no nā paipu SAWL
● Kaʻina hana UOE me ka 6,000t O-press a me ka mea hoʻonui 72-ʻāpana - ovality ≤ 0.15%
● Ka hiki ke hoʻāʻo CTOD i loko o ka hale (keʻena hoʻokolohua i hōʻoia ʻia e CNAS)
● Moʻolelo holomua nui me nā papahana ʻo North Sea, Brazil, a me West Africa
● Anamanaʻo ʻaoʻao ʻekolu e DNV, ABS, BV, a i ʻole ka ʻelele o ka mea kūʻai aku
● Hoʻokō piha me DNV-OS-F101 (me ka Annex A, B, D e like me ka mea e pono ai)
Nā Nīnau i Nīnau Pinepine ʻia:
Q: He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o DNV-OS-F101 L450 a me API 5L X65 no ka subsea?
A: Ua kākau kūikawā ʻia ʻo DNV-OS-F101 no nā paipu kai. Nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi: ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ovality (0.2% vs 0.5%), ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka paʻakikī haki CTOD (ʻaʻole koi ʻia e API 5L), nā koi hopena Charpy kiʻekiʻe (pinepine 50J vs 27J), nā koi hou no ke kūpaʻa hiolo a me ka hoʻolālā luhi. No nā papahana kai hohonu, ʻo DNV ke kūlana makemake nui ʻia.
Q: Ke hāʻawi nei ʻoe i ka hoʻāʻo CTOD no ka metala weld a me HAZ?
A: ʻAe. Hana mākou i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) e like me BS 7448 a i ʻole ASTM E1820. Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻāʻo ma -20°C, -30°C, -46°C, a i ʻole e like me ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia. Nā hopena maʻamau: metala wili δ ≥ 0.35mm, HAZ δ ≥ 0.40mm. ʻIke ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o CTOD e ka mea anamanaʻo DNV.
Q: Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolako iā L450 no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa (H₂S)?
A: ʻAe. Hāʻawi mākou iā L450 me ka pākuʻi lawelawe ʻawaʻawa e like me DNV-OS-F101 Annex A. Pono kēia i ka CEV haʻahaʻa (≤ 0.40%), ka hoʻohui Mo (0.15-0.25%), PWHT, paʻakikī ≤ 85 HRB, a me ka hoʻāʻo HIC/SSC. Ua hāʻawi mākou i ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa L450 i nā papahana ma waho o ke Kai ʻĀkau a me ka Hikina Waena.
Q: He aha ka hohonu wai kiʻekiʻe loa e hiki ai i kāu mau paipu ke kū?
A: Pili ke kūpaʻa hiolo i ka lakio D/t (diameter/mānoanoa o ka paia), ka ovality, a me ka ikaika hua. No kahi paipu L450 UOE maʻamau me D/t = 30 (e laʻa, 610mm × 20mm) a me ka ovality 0.2%, ʻoi aku ke kaomi hiolo ma mua o 30 MPa (like me ka hohonu wai 3,000m). No ka wai hohonu, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻolālā i nā paia mānoanoa a i ʻole ka ovality paʻa. E ʻoluʻolu e hāʻawi i kou hohonu wai a me ke kaomi hoʻolālā no kahi loiloi hiolo.
Q: Pono anei ka anamanaʻo DNV no kēlā me kēia ukana?
A: Pono ʻo DNV-OS-F101 i ka mea hana e paʻa i kahi ʻōnaehana maikaʻi i ʻae ʻia a e ana ʻia ka hana ʻana e DNV ma nā wahi hōʻike i ho'ākāka ʻia (e laʻa, hoʻāʻo hydrostatic, CTOD, nānā dimensional). Nānā ʻia ka hale o Womic i kēlā me kēia makahiki e DNV. No kēlā me kēia kauoha, hoʻolimalima mākou i nā ana ʻāina DNV e ʻike maka i nā hoʻokolohua e pono ai. Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻonohonoho no ka ana ʻāina ABS, BV, a i ʻole LR ma ke noi a ka mea kūʻai aku.
Q: He aha ka manawa alakaʻi maʻamau no ka paipu DNVcertified L450?
A: 90-120 mau lā, me ka papa hana anamanaʻo DNV. Aia ka manawa alakaʻi i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pā (ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā manawa alakaʻi o nā pā TMCP no nā kahakai, ʻo ia hoʻi he 10-14 mau pule). Hoʻohui ka hoʻāʻo CTOD i 2-3 mau pule. No nā kauoha hou me nā pā i hōʻoia mua ʻia, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka manawa alakaʻi i 60-75 mau lā.
Kuhikuhi Papahana - Paipu Hoʻokuʻu Kinoea Hohonu o ʻApelika Komohana (Kaiwā o Guinea)
ʻĀina:Ma waho o ka ʻāina ʻo Nigeria / Equatorial Guinea (Kaiwā o Guinea)
Kūlana & Papa:DNV-OS-F101 L450 SAWL (UOE) me ka mea hoʻohui lawelawe ʻawaʻawa
Nā Ana a me ka Nui:
l OD 610mm (24″) × WT 20.6mm - 52,000 mika (ma kahi o 13,500 tons) i hana ʻia e ke kaʻina hana UOE
l OD 610mm (24″) × WT 25.4mm – 8,000 mika (ma kahi o 2,500 tons) i hana ʻia e ke kaʻina hana UOE (ʻāpana riser a me ke kahakai)
Huina:60,000 mika (60 km), ma kahi o 16,000 tone
Nā kikoʻī:ʻO ka uhi waho 3LPE (3.2mm) me ka uhi kaumaha sima (60mm, density 3,050 kg/m³) no ka buoyancy maikaʻi ʻole. Nā wēlau Beveled 30°/1.6mm. Hydrotest ma 25.0 MPa (kaomi hoʻolālā 18.0 MPa). Hohonu wai: 800-1,400m. Charpy Mandatory ma -20°C (min 50J, hoʻokō 120-180J). CTOD ma -20°C: metala weld ≥ 0.25mm, HAZ ≥ 0.30mm (hoʻokō 0.40-0.65mm). DWTT ma -20°C: ʻāpana shear ≥ 85% (hoʻokō 90-98%). Ovality ≤ 0.2% (UOE hoʻokō 0.08-0.15%). Paʻakikī ≤ 85 HRB (lawelawe ʻawaʻawa). HIC no NACE TM0284: CLR 0%, CTR 0%, CSR 0%. SSC no NACE TM0177: ʻaʻohe haki. 100% UT me TOFD, me 25% RT. Anamanaʻo ʻaoʻao ʻekolu e DNV GL ma o ka hana ʻana.
Noi:ʻO ka paipu hoʻokuʻu aku i ke kinoea hohonu e lawe ana i ke kinoea kūlohelohe mai nā kahua kai (ka hohonu o ka wai 800-1,400m) i kahi kikowaena LNG ma uka. Loaʻa i ka paipu 60 km kahi ʻāpana laina nui hohonu (52 km, 20.6mm WT), kahi ʻāpana riser dynamic (4 km, 25.4mm WT), a me kahi ala e hele ai ma kahakai ma o ka ʻāpana nalu (4 km, 25.4mm WT me ka uhi sima). Loaʻa i ke kinoea kahi H₂S liʻiliʻi (5-10 ppm) a me CO₂ (3-5%), e koi ana i ka hōʻoia lawelawe sour.
Nā Pilikia ʻenehana a me nā Hoʻonā:
1. Ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka hiolo ʻana o ka wai hohonu (1,400m ka hohonu o ka wai)– ʻO ke kaomi hydrostatic waho ma 1,400m ma kahi o 14.3 MPa. ʻO ke kaomi hiolo i koi ʻia me ka mea palekana he > 25 MPa. Ua hoʻolālā ʻo Womic i ka paipu UOE 24″ × 20.6mm me D/t = 29.6. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina hana UOE, ua loaʻa iā mākou ka ovality o 0.08-0.12% (ma lalo loa o ka palena 0.2% o DNV). Ua hana mākou i ka loiloi finite element (FEA) a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kaomi hiolo piha ma nā laʻana ʻelua. Ua loaʻa ke kaomi hiolo: 27.8 MPa a me 28.5 MPa - ʻelua ma luna o ke koi.
2. ʻO ka paʻakikī haki CTOD no ka riser dynamic– Ke ʻike nei ka ʻāpana riser i ka luhi o ka ukana ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana o ke kīʻaha koko a me nā nalu. Pono ʻo DNV i ka hoʻāʻo CTOD ma -20°C. Ua hana ʻo Womic i ka CTOD ma ka metala weld a me HAZ no nā paipu 25.4mm WT. Nā hopena: metala weld δ = 0.42-0.55mm, HAZ δ = 0.48-0.65mm. Ua hāʻawi pū mākou i nā piʻo luhi SN no ka weld girth e kōkua i ka loiloi ʻana i ke ola luhi o ka mea kūʻai aku.
3. Lawelawe ʻawaʻawa me ka trace H₂S– ʻOiai he haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka H₂S (5-10 ppm), ua koi ka papahana i ka hōʻoia lawelawe ʻawaʻawa piha ma muli o ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe (18 MPa) a me ka pilikia o ka pala kūloko. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Womic i nā papa sulfur haʻahaʻa (S ≤ 0.0010%), CEV ≤ 0.38%, hoʻohui Mo 0.20%, a me PWHT ma 580°C no 1.5 mau hola. Paʻakikī ma hope o PWHT: metala kumu 78-82 HRB, weld 80-85 HRB. Ua hala nā hoʻāʻo HIC a me SSC me ka ʻole o nā māwae.
4. ʻO ka uhi ʻana o ke kaumaha sima a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me 3LPE– Pono ka ʻāpana hoʻokokoke kahakai i ka uhi ʻana i ke kaumaha sima (60mm, i hoʻoikaika ʻia me ka ʻupena kila) no ke kūpaʻa ma lalo. Ua hoʻopili ʻia ka uhi sima ma luna o 3LPE me kahi mea hoʻopaʻa. Ua hoʻonohonoho pū ʻo Womic me kahi pā uhi kūikawā ma Angola. Ua hāʻawi mākou i nā kūpona hoʻāʻo no ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka hoʻāʻo hopena. Ua hala ka uhi sima i ka hoʻāʻo hāʻule (1m hāʻule, ʻaʻohe nahā).
5. Hoʻohālikelike i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o Reel-lay– Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka pipeline me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano reel-lay (hoʻopili ʻia ma luna o kahi ipu reel). Pono kēia i ka kaohi ovality koʻikoʻi (≤ 0.2%) a me ke kiʻekiʻe hoʻoikaika weld ≤ 0.5mm. Hoʻomalu ʻo Womic i ka ovality i 0.08-0.15% a me nā pāpale weld honua i ≤ 0.3mm ke kiʻekiʻe. Ua hana mākou i 10 mau pōʻaiapuni hoʻohālike spooling piha piha ma kahi paipu hoʻāʻo - ʻaʻohe haki a i ʻole ka hōʻino ʻana ovality.
6. Anamanaʻo DNV a me nā palapala– Ua ʻike maka nā mea ana ʻāina DNV i ka hoʻāʻo hydrostatic, CTOD, HIC, SSC, a me ka nānā ʻana i nā dimensional no kēlā me kēia pūʻulu. Ua hāʻawi ʻo Womic i kahi waihona maikaʻi 1,500 ʻaoʻao (me nā hōʻike hoʻāʻo āpau, nā pakuhi PWHT, nā log UT, a me nā kau inoa ʻana o ka mea ana ʻāina) i loko o 4 mau pule o ka hoʻouna ʻana. Ua ʻae ʻia ka waihona me ka ʻole o nā nīnau.
7. Hopena:Ua hoʻokomo pono ʻia ka pipeline i ka hapaha 2 o 2025 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka moku reel-lay ʻo Deep Constructor. ʻAʻohe hemahema o ke kino paipu a i ʻole ka humuhumu weld i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka spooling, ka hoʻolaha ʻana, a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ma hope o ka hoʻomoe ʻana. Ua ʻōlelo ka luna papahana o ka mea kūʻai aku: "Ua ʻoi aku ka hopena o ka ovality control a me CTOD o Womic ma mua o kā mākou mau manaʻolana. Ua hoʻopaʻa mau ʻia nā paipu ma ke kahua me 98% ka nui o ka ʻae ʻia ʻana o ka pass mua." Aia ʻo Womic Steel i kēia manawa ma ka papa inoa mea hoʻolako i ʻae ʻia no ʻelua mau papahana hoʻokuʻu aku kinoea hohonu hou ma ʻApelika Komohana.
Hoʻokaʻaʻike:
Pūnaewele: www.womicsteel.com
Leka uila: sales@womicsteel.com
Kelepona / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Lanakila: +86 15575100681
ʻO Jack: +86 18390957568
Womic Steel - ʻO kāu hoa hilinaʻi no nā paipu kila DNV-OS-F101 L450 SAWL no ka hoʻokuʻu aku ʻana i ke kinoea hohonu, nā laina kahe kai, a me nā ʻōnaehana riser ma waho o ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
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