Paipu kila kila ASTM B673 UNS N08904 (904L): Nā hiki hana a me nā kikoʻī huahana Kiʻi i hōʻike ʻia

Paipu kila kila ASTM B673 UNS N08904 (904L): Nā hiki ke hana a me nā kikoʻī huahana

Wehewehe Pōkole:

Hoʻolako ʻo Womic Steel i ka paipu kila kila ASTM B673 UNS N08904 (904L) no nā wahi corrosive ikaika loa e like me ka sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, a me ka wai kai chloride kiʻekiʻe. ʻO 904L kahi kila kila austenitic super me ka nickel kiʻekiʻe (23-28%), chromium kiʻekiʻe (19-23%), a me ka molybdenum (4-5%), me ke keleawe (1-2%) no ke kūpaʻa kūikawā i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā waikawa. ʻO ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi he 220 MPa (31,900 psi), ka ikaika tensile 490 MPa (71,100 psi). Hāʻawi ka alloy i ka pitting resistance equivalent (PREN) o 35-40, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 316L, a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka haki ʻana o ka corrosion stress. Hoʻokomo pū ka hana ʻana iā ERW no nā diameters liʻiliʻi a me EFW no nā diameters nui, me ka komo piha a me ka annealing solution post-weld. ʻO ke anawaena waho mai 6.35mm a i 1219mm (1/4″ - 48″), ka mānoanoa o ka paia 0.5mm - 40mm, ka lōʻihi maʻamau a hiki i 12m, maʻamau a hiki i 18m. Palapala hōʻoia wili, hydrotest, 100% UT, hoʻopau ʻia ka hopena annealed a me ka pickled, loaʻa nā wēlau beveled a maʻemaʻe paha. Kūpono no nā mea kanu sulfuric acid, ka hana phosphoric acid, ka flue gas desulfurization (FGD), nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoluʻu wai kai (mahana kiʻekiʻe), nā moku kemika, nā kahua kai (lawelawe ʻawaʻawa), a me nā lako lāʻau lapaʻau.

Ka nui o ka paipu kila kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia:Anawaena o waho: 6.35mm – 1,219mm (1/4″ – 48″), Mānoanoa o ka paia: 0.5mm – 40mm (Papa Hana 5S, 10S, 40S), Loa: 6m – 12m maʻamau, lōʻihi maʻamau a hiki i ka 18m

Kūlana & Papa o ka Paipu Kila Kila Welded:ASTM B673 (paipu i hoʻopili ʻia) / ASTM B674 (seamless) / ASTM B677 (paipu humuhumu ʻole); UNS N08904; EN 10217-7 1.4539; Like me 904L

Ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka paipu kila kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia:Nā hale hana waikawa sulfuric (lawelawe waikawa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, nā mea hoʻoluʻu waikawa), ka hana ʻana o ka waikawa phosphoric (nā evaporators kaʻina hana pulu, nā laina hoʻoili), nā ducts hoʻopuka desulfurization kinoea flue (FGD) a me nā liners stack, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoluʻu wai kai me nā mahana kiʻekiʻe (30-50°C), nā moku kemika a me nā paipu ukana (nā kemika ikaika), ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea ma waho (lawelawe ʻawaʻawa me ka H₂S kiʻekiʻe a me nā chlorides), nā hale hana pulp a me ka pepa bleach (nā wahi chloride kiʻekiʻe), nā lako lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lako hoʻoluʻu lole, ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai (nā brines chloride kiʻekiʻe), nā mea hoʻololi wela no ka wai hoʻoluʻu ikaika

Hāʻawi ʻo Womic Steel i nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a hoʻokūkū hoʻi o ka paipu kila kila ASTM B673 UNS N08904 i hoʻopili ʻia, paipu austenitic super 904L, paipu kila ERW, paipu kila EFW, paipu kūpaʻa waikawa, paipu kūpaʻa wai kai. Palapala hōʻoia wili EN 10204 3.1/3.2, hoʻāʻo hydro, UT, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hopena, nā wēlau beveled/plain, loaʻa ka hoʻopau pickled. Hoʻolako pololei ka hale hana no nā papahana kemika, moana, a me waho o ka honua.

E leka uila mai iā mākou Nā kikoʻī huahana

Nā kikoʻī huahana

Nā Lepili Huahana

1. Womic Steel: Nā Mana Hana a me ka Ikaika o ka ʻOihana

He mea hana mua ʻo Womic Steel Group a he mea hoʻopuka aku honua me ka ʻoi aku o 20 mau makahiki o ka ʻike loea i ka hana ʻana i nā paipu alloy pale i ka corrosion. Hoʻohana kā mākou hale hana hana paipu welded 904L kūikawā i nā ʻenehana wiliwili holomua me ka kaohi koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻokomo wela a me ka mālama wela ma hope o ka wili ʻana:

● Ka Laina ERW (Kuʻihao Kū'ē Uila):No nā anawaena mai 6.35mm a i 610mm (1/4″ - 24″), ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka paia mai 0.5mm a i 12.7mm. Kuʻi alapine kiʻekiʻe me ka hoʻokomo wela haʻahaʻa (≤ 1.2 kJ/mm) e pale aku i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka nui o ka metala hao. Kūpono no nā paipu 904L liʻiliʻi a waena.

●Ka Laina EFW (Hoʻohui Uila Uila):No nā anawaena mai 219mm a i 1219mm (8″ - 48″), ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka paia mai 4.0mm a i 40mm. ʻO ke ala aʻa TIG (GTAW) me nā ala hoʻopiha SAW, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metala hoʻopihapiha kūlike (ERNiCrMo-3 a i ʻole ER385).

●Ka Laina LSAW / SAWL no ke kinikini kiʻekiʻe:No nā anawaena mai 406mm a i 1219mm (16″ - 48″), ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka paia a hiki i 40mm. Kuʻihao arc i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia o nā papa 904L i ʻōwili ʻia me ka hoʻokomo wela i kāohi ʻia.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā paipu 904L āpau i hoʻopili ʻia me ka wela ma 1050-1150°C a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka wai e hoʻoheheʻe i nā pae lua a hoʻihoʻi i ke kūpaʻa i ka pala, a ukali ʻia e ka pickling a me ka passivation me nā hui waikawa kūikawā.

Nā Palapala Hōʻoia Kūlana a me ka Hoʻokō ʻana i nā Hoʻoponopono:

●Hōʻoia ʻia ʻo ISO 9001:2015

●PED 2014/68/EU (CE Marking) no nā lako hana kaomi

●EN 10204 3.2 Palapala hōʻoia me ka hōʻoia ʻaoʻao ʻekolu (TÜV, BV, SGS, LR)

●Nānā ʻAoʻao ʻEkolu (TPI) i ʻāpono ʻia e SGS, BV, ABS, DNV, TÜV

●NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa (H₂S) ma ke noi

●ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (Māhele VIII, Div. 1) ma ke noi ʻana

Hoʻolako ʻo Womic Steel i nā paipu i hoʻopili ʻia 904L i nā ʻāina he 30 a ʻoi ma nā ʻoihana kemika, moana, a me ke kai.

Ka Hoʻololi Hana:

●ERW: 6.35–610mm OD × 0.5–12.7mm WT × ≤ 12m

●EFW: 219–1219mm OD × 4.0–40mm WT × ≤ 12m (ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma ke noi ʻana)

●LSAW: 406–1219mm OD × 6.0–40mm WT × ≤ 18m

●Nā koho hoʻopau: Hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻomoʻa ʻia, hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka ʻālohilohi (no nā paipu liʻiliʻi)

2. ASTM B673 UNS N08904: Nā ʻano hana a me nā ʻano hana

ʻO UNS N08904 (904L) he kila kila austenitic super me ka nickel kiʻekiʻe (23-28%), chromium kiʻekiʻe (19-23%), molybdenum (4-5%), a me ke keleawe (1-2%). Hāʻawi ka hoʻohui keleawe i ke kū'ē kūikawā i ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā waikawa e like me ka sulfuric a me ka phosphoric acid. Hāʻawi ka molybdenum kiʻekiʻe a me ka chromium i ke kū'ē pitting maikaʻi loa i nā wahi chloride. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo 904L ma ke ʻano he koho kūpono i nā mea hoʻohui nickel i nā kūlana hoʻonāukiuki.

ʻAno Kemika (Loiloi Ladle, % ma ke kaumaha):

ʻElemene	UNS N08904 (904L)	316L (no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana)
C	≤ 0.020	≤ 0.030
Mn	≤ 2.00	≤ 2.00
P	≤ 0.040	≤ 0.045
S	≤ 0.030	≤ 0.030
Si	≤ 1.00	≤ 1.00
Cr	19.0 – 23.0	16.0 – 18.0
Ni	23.0 – 28.0	10.0 – 14.0
Mo	4.0 – 5.0	2.0 – 3.0
Cu	1.0 – 2.0	—
Fe	Kaulike	Kaulike

Nā Waiwai Mechanical (Mahana o ka Lumi, Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka Solution):

Waiwai	UNS N08904 (904L)
Ka Ikaika Hua (minimum, 0.2% offset)	220 MPa (31,900 psi)
Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa (min)	490 MPa (71,100 psi)
Elongation (min, 50mm anakahi)	35%
Paʻakikī (max)	90 HRB

Nā Waiwai Kino:

Ka nui o ke kinoea: 8.00 g/cm³

Modulus o ka Elasticity: 195 GPa (28.3 × 10⁶ psi)

Ka Hoʻokele Wela: 12.0 W/m·K ma 100°

Ka helu o ka hoʻonui wela: 15.4 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C)Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka palaho:

Helu Kūlike Kū'ē Pitting (PREN) = Cr% + 3.3(Mo%) + 16(N%) ≈ 35-40 (vs 316L PREN 24-26)

Ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka waikawa sulfuric ma kahi ākea ākea (a hiki i ka 90% ma nā mahana kaulike)

ʻO ke kūpaʻa koʻikoʻi i ka waikawa phosphoric (kaʻina hana pulu) e loaʻa ana nā chlorides a me nā fluorides

ʻO ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pitting a me ka crevice corrosion i nā wahi chloride

ʻO ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka pala intergranular ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana (kalapona haʻahaʻa)

Kūpono no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa (NACE MR0175) me ka mālama wela kūpono

Nā Palena ʻAi ʻAi (Kokoke):

● Waikawa sulfuric (H₂SO₄): a hiki i ka 90% ma 50°C; a hiki i ka 70% ma 100°C

● Waikawa hydrochloric (HCl): kaupalena ʻia i ka dilute (< 5%) ma ka mahana o ka lumi

● ʻAkika phosphoric (H₃PO₄): maikaʻi loa a hiki i ka 85% ma 100°C

● ʻAkika ʻakika: maikaʻi loa ma nā ʻano like ʻole

● Wai kai: maikaʻi loa i nā mahana a hiki i 50°C

3. Ka laulā Ana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana

Mea	Nā kikoʻī
Kūlana Maʻamau	ASTM B673 / ASME SB-673 (paipu i hoʻopili ʻia)
Nā Kaʻina Hana Hana	ERW, EFW, LSAW
Ka laulā o ke anawaena o waho	ERW: 6.35 – 610mm; EFW/LSAW: 219 – 1219mm
Pae Mānoanoa o ka Paia	ERW: 0.5 – 12.7mm; EFW/LSAW: 4.0 – 40mm
Pae Hoʻonohonoho	5S, 10S, 40S (no NPS 1/8″ – 48″)
Ka laulā lōʻihi	Kūlana: 6m; Hoʻolōʻihi ʻia: 12m, 18m, a hiki i 18m
Hoʻopau i ka hoʻopau ʻana	Wāhi Maʻemaʻe (PE), Wāhi Beveled (BE)
Hoʻopau ʻili	Hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻomoʻa ʻia, Hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka ʻōlinolino
Nā hoʻomanawanui	OD: ±0.5% a i ʻole ±3.2mm; WT: ±12.5% (no ASTM B775); Lōʻihi: +50mm / -0mm

4. Nā Ana a me nā Kikoʻī i Loaʻa - ASTM B673 UNS N08904 Paipu Kila Kila Welded (Nā Nui Maʻamau i Koho ʻia)

NPS	OD (mm)	Papa kuhikuhi	Paona (mm)	Kaumaha (kg/m)	Lōʻihi Maʻamau	Hoʻohana Maʻamau
1/2″	21.3	10S	2.11	1.00	6m	Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau kemika
3/4″	26.7	10S	2.11	1.28	6m	Laina mea kani
1″	33.4	10S	2.77	2.09	6m	ʻAi ʻakika
1-1/2″	48.3	10S	2.77	3.11	6m	Laina waikawa sulfuric
2″	60.3	10S	2.77	3.93	6m / 12m	Laina hana
3″	88.9	10S	3.05	6.46	6m / 12m	Hoʻoili ʻakika
4″	114.3	10S	3.05	8.37	6m / 12m	ʻAkika phosphoric
6″	168.3	10S	3.40	13.8	6m / 12m	Hoʻomaʻalili wai kai
8″	219.1	10S	3.76	20.0	12m	Laina ʻawaʻawa ma waho
10″	273.0	10S	4.19	27.8	12m	Puka hoʻopuka FGD
12″	323.9	10S	4.57	36.0	12m	Kemika nui
16″	406.4	10S	4.78	47.4	12m	Anawaena nui

*Loaʻa nā ana maʻamau ma waho o kēia mau pae. Pono nā paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia 904L i nā manawa alakaʻi lōʻihi (ʻo ka liʻiliʻi he 60 mau lā) ma muli o ke kumu kūʻai kūikawā no nā ʻāpana/papa.*

5. Nā Kūlana & Papa Super Austenitic maʻamau i hana ʻia e Womic Steel

Kūlana Maʻamau	Nā Papa Kila / Alloy	Hoʻohana Maʻamau	Kaʻina Hana Kuʻihao
ASTM B673	UNS N08904 (904L)	Waikawa sulfuric/phosphoric, wai kai	EFW/LSAW/ERW
ASTM B674	UNS N08904 (ʻaʻohe humuhumu)	Paipu kaomi	-
ASTM B677	UNS N08904	Paipu humuhumu ʻole	-
EN 10217-7	1.4539 (904L)	Nā kumu hoʻoikaika, super austenitic	ʻIMI/ERW
ASTM A312	UNS N08367 (AL-6XN), S31254 (254 SMO)	Wai kai, FGD	EFW/LSAW

Hoʻohana:Nā hale hana waikawa sulfuric, hana waikawa phosphoric, ʻōnaehana FGD, hoʻomaʻalili wai kai (mahana kiʻekiʻe), nā moku lawe kemika, lawelawe ʻawaʻawa ma waho o ke kai.

6. Kaʻina Hana Hana - Paipu Kila Kila i Welded ʻia (ERW, EFW, LSAW)

Pono ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka wela i loko o ka wili 904L a me ka mālama wela ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma muli o kona nui o ka metala hoʻoheheʻe. ʻO ke keleawe a me ka molybdenum e hoʻokaʻawale i ka metala hoʻoheheʻe inā lohi loa ka hoʻomaʻalili ʻana.

Kaʻina Hana ERW (Hoʻopaʻa Kū'ē Uila) - Anawaena Liʻiliʻi a Waena (6.35–610mm OD):

●Nānā ʻana i nā mea maka (Strip/Coil):Ua hōʻoia ʻia ka ʻāpana 904L no ka haku mele ʻana (Ni 23-28%, Cr 19-23%, Mo 4-5%, Cu 1-2%). Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia wili ka helu wela kūikawā.

●Ke wehe ʻana a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana

●ʻOki ʻana i ka lihi o ke kaha

●Ke hoʻokumu nei:Hoʻomau ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻōwili.

●Kuʻihao Alapine Kiʻekiʻe:Hoʻokomo wela haʻahaʻa (≤ 1.2 kJ/mm) e pale aku i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o Cu/Mo. Kuʻihao ma ka lewa inert.

●Hoʻopili ʻana i ka humuhumu:Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka induction a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻopio ʻana o ka wai.

●Ka nui a me ka hoʻopololei ʻana

●ʻOki ʻana i ka lōʻihi

●NDT:Hoʻāʻo au Eddy (100%) + UT koho.

●Hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hopena (Paipu piha):1050-1150°C, hoʻopau i ka wai. Pono no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā pae lua.

●Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic

●Hoʻopaʻakai a me ka Passivation(ʻakika hui kūikawā no ke koʻokoʻo kiʻekiʻe)

●PMI (XRF) & Nānā paʻakikī

●Nānā Hope Loa & Māka

Kaʻina Hana EFW (Electric Fusion Welding) - Anawaena Nui (219–1219mm OD, 4.0–40mm WT):

●Ka Hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka Pā:Pā 904L, nā kihi i ʻoki ʻia (X bevel).

●Hoʻokumu ʻōwili

●Kuʻihao Tack

●Ka Huakaʻi Aʻa TIG (GTAW):Mea hoʻopihapiha kūlike (ERNiCrMo-3 a i ʻole ER385), kinoea kākoʻo argon.

●Nā Palapala Hoʻopiha & Kāpena SAW:Hoʻokomo wela ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm, mahana interpass ≤ 120°C. Kahe haʻahaʻa sulfur kūikawā.

●Weld kūloko

●100% Hoʻāʻo Radiographic + UT(e like me ASTM B775)

●Hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hopena:Ka mālama wela piha ʻana o ka paipu (1050-1150°C), ka wai e hoʻopau ai.

●Hoʻopaʻakai a me ka Passivation

●Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic

●Nānā PMI a me ka Ana

●Māka ʻana

Kaʻina Hana LSAW no ke Alloy Kiʻekiʻe - Anawaena Nui Loa (406–1219mm OD, 6.0–40mm WT):

● UOE a i ʻole JCOE e hana ana mai ka papa 904L

● Kuʻihao SAW ʻaoʻao pālua me ka kaohi hoʻokomo wela koʻikoʻi

● Hoʻoheheʻe piha ʻana ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana

Nā Mana Mana Koʻikoʻi no ka Kuʻihao 904L:

● Hoʻokomo wela: ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm (pahuhopu ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm)

● Mahana waena: ≤ 120°

● Kinoea pale: 100% Argon me ka mea hoʻopaʻa oxygen

● Hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hopena: 1050-1150°C, hoʻopau wai - koi ʻia

● Pickling: Hoʻohuihui waikawa kūikawā no nā mea hoʻohuihui chromium/nickel kiʻekiʻe

7. Nā Kaʻina Hana Hoʻomalu a me ka Hoʻāʻo ʻana no ka Paipu Kila Kila ASTM B673 UNS N08904 Welded

Kahua	ʻAno Nānā	Kumu
Mea Maka	Ka Nānā Kemika (OES a i ʻole ICP)	E hōʻoia i ka N08904 (Ni 23-28%, Cr 19-23%, Mo 4-5%, Cu 1-2%)
Mea Maka	Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka Tensile	Hua ≥ 220 MPa, Tensile ≥ 490 MPa
Mea Maka	Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka palaho (ASTM G28)	Ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka palaho intergranular (no ka lawelawe ʻakika)
Mea Maka	Ka helu ʻana o PREN	E hōʻoia i ka PREN ≥ 35
Ke Kaʻina Hana Nei	Ka Nānā ʻana i ka Hoʻokomo Wela	≤ 1.5 kJ/mm
Ke Kaʻina Hana Nei	Mahana Ma waena o ke ala	≤ 120°C
Weld (ERW)	Au Eddy (100%)	Ka pono o ka wili ʻana
Weld (EFW/LSAW)	100% UT (a i ʻole PAUT)	ʻIke i nā hemahema o ka wili ʻana
Weld (EFW/LSAW)	RT (10-100% no kēlā me kēia kikoʻī)	Ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana
Hoʻopili	Ka Mea Hoʻokomo i ka Waihoʻoluʻu (PT)	Nā māwae ʻili
Ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hopena	Hoʻāʻo Paʻakikī	≤ 90 HRB
Ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hopena	ʻAno liʻiliʻi (ASTM E407)	ʻAʻohe sigma, chi, a i ʻole nā pae lua
Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia	Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic	Ka kūpaʻa o ke kaomi
Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia	PMI (XRF)	E hōʻoia i ka papa (Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu)
Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia	Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka palaho lua (ASTM G48)	E hōʻoia i ke kū'ē ʻana o ka lua (inā i kuhikuhi ʻia)
Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia	ʻIke & Māka	Ka hiki ke hahai ʻia

Nā Hoʻāʻo Koho no ka Lawelawe Koʻikoʻi:

● ASTM G28 Hoʻomaʻamaʻa A (ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid) no ka pala intergranular

● Hoʻāʻo lua ASTM G48 ma FeCl₃ (6% ma 40°C) no ka lawelawe wai kai

● Hoʻāʻo HIC/SSC no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa (NACE TM0284, TM0177)

● Hoʻāʻo keleawe sulfate no ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa ʻakika

8. Nā Hoʻohana Mua - ASTM B673 UNS N08904 Paipu Kila Kila Welded

●Nā mea kanu waikawa sulfuric:Ka lawelawe ʻana i ka waikawa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (90-98% H₂SO₄) ma nā mahana kūpono, ka waikawa hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (5-10%) ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, a me nā paipu hoʻoluʻu waikawa. Hoʻololi iā 316L a me 317L.

●Ka hana ʻana o ka waikawa phosphoric (kaʻina hana pulu):Nā evaporators, nā mea hoʻoluʻu flash, a me nā laina hoʻoili e lawelawe ana i ka waikawa phosphoric me nā chlorides a me nā fluorides. ʻO 904L ka maʻamau no ka waikawa phosphoric kaʻina hana pulu.

●Nā ʻauwaha hoʻopuka hoʻoheheʻe kinoea flue (FGD):I lalo o nā mea hoʻomoʻa kahi i loaʻa ai nā kinoea waikawa momona chloride. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo 904L no nā ducting puka a me nā liner stack kahi i lawa ʻole ai ʻo 317L.

●Nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoluʻu wai kai (mahana kiʻekiʻe):ʻŌnaehana wai hoʻoluʻu kahakai kahi i ʻoi aku ai ka mahana o ka wai kai ma mua o 40°C. Kūʻē ʻo 904L i ka pitting ma nā mahana kahi e hāʻule ai paha ʻo 316L a me ka super duplex.

●Nā moku lawe kemika (IMO ʻAno II):Paipu ukana no nā kemika ikaika e like me ka waikawa sulfuric, ka waikawa phosphoric, a me nā waikawa organik. Ua ʻae ʻia ʻo 904L e nā ʻoihana hoʻouna kemika he nui.

●Ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa ma waho o ke kai:ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea me ka H₂S kiʻekiʻe a me nā chloride kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ma kahi kūpono ka mahana akā ʻoi aku ka pono o ka pala ma mua o ka duplex.

●Nā hale hana hoʻokeʻokeʻo pulp a me ka pepa:ʻO ka lawelawe chlorine dioxide a me ka sodium hypochlorite kahi i lawa ʻole ai ʻo 317L.

●Nā lako lāʻau lapaʻau:Nā mea hana a me nā paipu no nā kaʻina hana e pili ana i nā waikawa ikaika.

●Nā lako hana hoʻoluʻu lole:Nā mīkini hoʻoluʻu e lawelawe ana i nā ʻauʻau hoʻoluʻu me ka chlorine.

●Ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai:Nā wai paʻakai chloride kiʻekiʻe, ka wai ʻawaʻawa, a me nā huahana meaʻai ʻakika.

9. Hoʻopili a me ka hoʻouna ʻana - JIS A5525 SKK490 SSAW Steel Pile

Pūʻolo:

●Ka palekana anti-corrosion:ʻUhi palakiko a pepa VCI paha. ʻAʻohe koena aila no ka lawelawe kemika.

●Nā pāpale hope:Nā pāpale palaki hana kaumaha (kālai kala - polū maʻamau no 904L).

●Hoʻopili ʻana (Nā anawaena liʻiliʻi):Ua kāʻei ʻia kēlā me kēia paipu ma ke ʻano pākahi, a laila ua hoʻopili ʻia me nā kaula hao ʻole.

●Nā ʻūpā pākahi (Nui ke anawaena):ʻUhi ʻili plastik me nā apo huʻa.

●Nā pahu lāʻauno nā papahana kemika koʻikoʻi a me nā papahana ma waho o ke kai.

Hoʻouna ʻana:

Nā ipu no ≤ 610mm, haki-nui no nā anawaena nui aʻe.

Palapala:MTC 3.1/3.2, hōʻike hydrotest, nā hōʻike UT/RT, hōʻike PMI, hōʻike hoʻāʻo corrosion (inā i kuhikuhi ʻia), hōʻike dimensional, papa inoa hoʻopili, COO. Loaʻa piha mai ka helu wela a i ka paipu i hoʻopau ʻia.

10. Nā Pōmaikaʻi o ke kila Womic & FAQ - ASTM B673 UNS N08904 Paipu Welded

No ke aha e hui pū ai me Womic Steel no ka paipu welded 904L?

● Ka laulā nui piha: ERW 1/4″ – 24″, EFW/LSAW 8″ – 48″.

● Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hopena piha ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana (1050-1150°C, hoʻopau wai).

● Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka palaho i loko o ka hale (ASTM G28, G48) no ka lawelawe waikawa a me ka wai kai.

● PREN ≥ 35 - maikaʻi ke kū'ē i ka lua.

● Nā manawa alakaʻi hoʻokūkū: 60-75 mau lā no ERW, 75-90 mau lā no EFW/LSAW.

● Hōʻoia honua: ISO 9001, PED (CE), EN 10204 Type 3.2.

Nā Nīnau i Nīnau Pinepine ʻia (FAQ) - ASTM B673 UNS N08904 Paipu Welded

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o 904L a me 316L?
A: Loaʻa i ka 904L ka nickel kiʻekiʻe loa (23-28% vs 10-14%), chromium kiʻekiʻe (19-23% vs 16-18%), molybdenum kiʻekiʻe (4-5% vs 2-3%), a me ke keleawe i hoʻohui ʻia (1-2%). Hāʻawi kēia i ka 904L i ke kū'ē maikaʻi loa i ka waikawa sulfuric, ka waikawa phosphoric, a me ka pitting i loko o nā chlorides. ʻO PREN he 35-40 vs 24-26 no 316L. ʻO 904L ma kahi o 3-4 mau manawa ke kumukūʻai o 316L a hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi e hāʻule ai ʻo 316L.

Q: He kūpono anei ʻo 904L no ka lawelawe wai kai?
A: ʻAe. Loaʻa iā 904L ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pitting a me ka crevice corrosion i loko o ka wai kai a hiki i nā mahana o kahi 50°C. No nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā kūlana stagnant, pono paha nā super duplex a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohuihui nickel. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo 904L no nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoluʻu wai kai kahi i hāʻule ai ʻo 316L.

Q: He aha ka mahana lawelawe kiʻekiʻe loa no 904L i loko o ka waikawa sulfuric?
A: I loko o 50-70% H₂SO₄, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo 904L a hiki i 100°C. I loko o 90-96% H₂SO₄, e kaupalena i 50-60°C. No nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka waikawa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, pono nā hui nickel kiʻekiʻe (Alloy 20, Alloy 625, Alloy C-276). E nānā mau i nā pakuhi pala no nā kūlana kikoʻī.

Q: Pono anei ʻo 904L i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hopena ma hope o ka kuʻi ʻana?
A: ʻAe, e like me ASTM B673. Hiki i ka 904L ke hana i nā pae lua (sigma, chi) i loko o ka weld HAZ inā lohi ka hoʻomaʻalili ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hopena ma 1050-1150°C a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka wai e hoʻoheheʻe i kēia mau pae a hoʻihoʻi i ke kūpaʻa i ka pala. Hana ʻo Womic i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hopena piha ma nā paipu welded 904L āpau. No ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke kahua, e hoʻohana i ka hoʻokomo wela haʻahaʻa a noʻonoʻo i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hopena ma hope o ka weld inā hiki.

Q: He aha ka metala hoʻopihapiha wili i ʻōlelo ʻia no 904L?
A: Manaʻo ʻia ʻo AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-3 (Inconel 625) a i ʻole ER385. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo ERNiCrMo-3 a hāʻawi i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka pala e kūlike ana me 904L. He mea hoʻopihapiha kūikawā ʻo ER385 no 904L. Hoʻohana ʻo Womic iā ERNiCrMo-3 no nā kaʻina hana EFW.

Q: He kūpono anei ʻo 904L no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa (H₂S)?
ʻAe, ua kūpono ʻo 904L e like me NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa me nā kaomi hapa H₂S a hiki i ka 1 bar (15 psi) ma nā pae paʻakikī kikoʻī. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia i nā kahua ʻawaʻawa kūpono kahi i lawa ʻole ai ka duplex ma muli o nā chloride kiʻekiʻe.

Q: He aha ka manawa alakaʻi maʻamau no ka paipu welded 904L?
A: 60-75 mau lā no ERW (nā anawaena liʻiliʻi a waena), 75-90 mau lā no EFW/LSAW (nā anawaena nui). ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā manawa alakaʻi ma mua o nā kila kila maʻamau ma muli o ke kumu kūʻai ʻana i nā ʻāpana/papa alloy kūikawā (pinepine 12-16 mau pule mai ka wili). Hoʻohui ka nānā ʻana o ke kolu o ka ʻaoʻao i 7-14 mau lā.

Q: Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo 904L no nā ʻōnaehana wai maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe?
A: ʻAe, akā ua kuhikuhi nui ʻia. No ka wai maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe (RO, DI, WFI), ua lawa ka 316L a ʻoi aku ka hoʻokele waiwai. Ua mālama ʻia ʻo 904L no nā kūlana kemika ikaika a i ʻole nā kūlana chloride kiʻekiʻe.

Kuhikuhi Papahana - Hoʻololi Paipu ʻAkika Sulfuric Acid Plant European

ʻĀina:Kelemānia (ʻĀkau Rhine-Westphalia, paʻakikī kemika)
Kūlana & Papa:ASTM B673 UNS N08904 (904L) - paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia
Nā Ana a me ka Nui:

● OD 88.9mm (3″) × Papa Kuhikuhi 10S (3.05mm WT) – 600 mika (ma kahi o 5 tons) – Kaʻina hana ERW

● OD 114.3mm (4″) × Papa Kuhikuhi 10S (3.05mm WT) – 500 mika (ma kahi o 6 tons) – kaʻina hana ERW

● OD 168.3mm (6″) × Papa Kuhikuhi 10S (3.40mm WT) – 300 mika (ma kahi o 4 tons) – kaʻina hana EFW

● OD 219.1mm (8″) × Papa Kuhikuhi 10S (3.76mm WT) – 200 mika (ma kahi o 4 tons) – kaʻina hana EFW
Huina:1,600 mika, ma kahi o 19 tone

Nā kikoʻī:ʻO ka hoʻonā ASTM B673 UNS N08904 i hoʻomoʻa ʻia a hoʻomoʻa ʻia, nā wēlau beveled. Hoʻāʻo hydrostatic ma 1.5 × kaomi hoʻolālā (hoʻolālā 1.2 MPa). 100% UT no nā paipu EFW, eddy current no ERW. PMI ma kēlā me kēia paipu. Hoʻāʻo corrosion koi ʻia e like me ASTM G28 Practice A (ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid) - ka helu corrosion < 5 mpy (hoʻokō ʻia 2-3 mpy). Hoʻāʻo corrosion pitting e like me ASTM G48 Method A (6% FeCl₃, 24h ma 40°C) - ʻaʻohe pitting. Hoʻāʻo corrosion Intergranular e like me ASTM A262 Practice E (pass). Nānā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu e TÜV Kelemania.

Noi:Hoʻololi ʻia nā paipu hoʻoluʻu waikawa a me nā laina hoʻoili pili i loko o kahi hale hana hoʻoulu hou ʻana o ka waikawa sulfuric. Hoʻokele ka paipu i ka waikawa sulfuric wela (85-93% H₂SO₄) ma 70-90°C mai ka hale kiaʻi omo a i ka mea hoʻoluʻu waikawa. Ua hāʻule nā paipu 316L ma mua ma hope o 18 mau mahina ma muli o ka pala a me ka lua. Ua koho ʻia ʻo 904L no kona kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ka waikawa sulfuric i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.

Nā Pilikia ʻenehana a me nā Hoʻonā:

●Ka palaho ʻana i loko o ka waikawa sulfuric wela (85-93%, 70-90°C)– ʻO 316L ka mea e popopo ana ma nā helu > 50 mpy ma lalo o kēia mau kūlana. ʻO 904L me kona nickel kiʻekiʻe, chromium, molybdenum, a me ke keleawe e hāʻawi ana i ka helu popopo < 5 mpy. Ua hana ʻo Womic i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ASTM G28 Practice A ma nā laʻana metala kumu a me nā laʻana weld. Nā helu popopo: metala kumu 2.1 mpy, weld 2.8 mpy - ma lalo loa o ka palena 5 mpy. Ua ʻae ʻia e ka mea kūʻai aku.

●Ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka metala hoʻoheheʻe ʻia– ʻO ka wili ka wahi palupalu loa. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Womic i ka hoʻokomo wela haʻahaʻa (≤ 1.2 kJ/mm) a me ka mea hoʻopihapiha ERNiCrMo-3. Ua hala nā hāpana wili i ka hoʻāʻo G28 me ka helu palaho 2.8-3.2 mpy. ʻAʻole i hōʻike ka microstructure i ka ua lua.

●Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka lua ma ka mahana kiʻekiʻe– Aia i loko o ka waikawa nā chloride trace (mai ke kumu wai). Hāʻawi ka PREN 35-40 o 904L i ke kū'ē ʻana i ka pitting. Ua hana ʻo Womic i ka hoʻāʻo pitting G48 ma 40°C (ʻoi aku ka ʻino ma mua o ka mahana lawelawe 70°C? ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka mahana hoʻāʻo 40°C, akā he ikaika ʻo FeCl₃). Hopena: ʻaʻohe pitting ma hope o 72h.

●ʻO ka palaho intergranular ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana– He haʻahaʻa ke kalapona o 904L (≤ 0.020%), akā pono nō ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hopena. Ua hana ʻo Womic i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hopena piha ma 1100°C, hoʻopau i ka wai. Ua hala ka hoʻāʻo ASTM A262 Practice E.

●Kaʻina hana kuʻihao kahua– Ua pono ka hui mālama hale hana i ka WPS kūpono no nā hoʻoponopono. Ua hāʻawi ʻo Womic i 15 mau kūpona weld me WPS me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā GTAW, ERNiCrMo-3 filler, preheat 10-20°C, interpass ≤ 120°C, heat input ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm. Ua hala nā kūpona i ka hoʻāʻo RT, PT, a me G28.

●Logistics i ka hale hana kemika Kelemania– Ua hoʻouna ʻia nā paipu mai Shanghai a i ke awa ʻo Hamburg, a laila ua lawe ʻia i ka ukana i kahi. Ua nānā ʻo TÜV Kelemania i nā paipu ma Hamburg. Ua hāʻawi ʻia nā tone 19 a pau i loko o 10 mau pule. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka pūʻolo palapala (MTC 3.2, nā hōʻike hoʻāʻo) ma ke ʻano uila.

Hopena:Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā paipu 904L hou i ka wā o ka hoʻololi ʻana o Q3 2024. Ma hope o 12 mau mahina o ka hana, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ka nānā ʻana i ka pala ʻole, ʻaʻohe lua, a ʻaʻohe leaka. Manaʻo ka mea kūʻai aku he 15+ mau makahiki o ke ola lawelawe (e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 1.5 mau makahiki no 316L). ʻO Womic Steel i kēia manawa kahi mea hoʻolako kūpono no nā paipu lawelawe sulfuric acid o kēia hale hana kemika.

Hoʻokaʻaʻike:
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Womic Steel - ʻO kāu hoa hilinaʻi no nā paipu kila kila i hoʻopili ʻia a ASTM B673 UNS N08904 no nā mea kanu sulfuric a me phosphoric acid, nā ʻōnaehana FGD, ka hoʻoluʻu wai kai, a me ka lawelawe kemika ikaika ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.