1. Womic Steel: Nā Mana Hana a me ka Ikaika o ka ʻOihana
Hoʻokele ʻo Womic Steel Group i nā laina hana LSAW he nui i hoʻololi kūikawā ʻia no nā pā kaumaha a me nā noi pili ʻana i ke anawaena nui. Pono nā paipu ASTM A252 Grade 3 i ka ductility kiʻekiʻe a me nā waiwai mechanical kūlike no ka hoʻokele kahua (hammering) me ka ʻole o ka haki.
● Laina JCOE:No nā anawaena 406mm - 1,422mm (16″–56″), ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka paia a hiki i 50.8mm. Kūpono no nā paila kahua alahaka a me ke kūkulu hale.
●Laina UOE:No nā anawaena 508mm - 1,220mm (20″–48″), ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka paia a hiki i ka 40mm. Hoʻopuka i nā paila poepoe loa no nā hoʻomanawanui hoʻokele paʻa.
●Papa ʻōwili (Hui Hoʻokahi - Pā Kaumaha):No nā anawaena 600mm - 3,500mm (24″–138″), ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka paia mai 25mm a hiki i 100mm. ʻO ka papa hoʻokahi i ʻōwili ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka lōʻihi. Kūpono no nā paila kai nui a me nā paila ʻaʻahu ma waho.
● Papa ʻōwili (Hui pālua):No nā anawaena 1,200mm - 3,500mm (48″–138″), ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka paia a hiki i 100mm. ʻElua mau humuhumu lōʻihi. Hoʻohana ʻia no nā paila kahua kai nui loa.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka mana o ka LSAW ma mua o 300,000 tons i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka hana paipu pili i hoʻolaʻa ʻia ma mua o 120,000 tons i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Loaʻa iā Womic Steel ka ISO 9001, CE (EN 10219, EN 10248), a hiki ke hāʻawi i ka nānā ʻana o nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu e SGS, BV, ABS, DNV, a me TÜV. Ma luna o 500 km o nā paipu pili i hoʻolako ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa no nā awa, nā alahaka, a me nā kahua ma waho.
Ka Hoʻololi Hana no ASTM A252 Papa 3:
●JCOE: 406–1,422mm OD × 6.0–50.8mm WT × ≤ 18m
●UOE: 508–1,220mm OD × 6.0–40.0mm WT × ≤ 24m
●Papa ʻōwili (humuhumu hoʻokahi): 600–3,500mm OD × 25–100mm WT × ≤ 18m (a hiki i ka 60m ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā ʻāpana he nui)
●Papa ʻōwili (humuhumu pālua): 1,200–3,500mm OD × 25–100mm WT × ≤ 18m
No nā lōʻihi loa a hiki i ka 60m, hiki iā Womic ke hoʻoheheʻe i nā ʻāpana he nui mai ka ʻaoʻao a i ka hopena me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻoheheʻe circumferential SAW penetration piha (100% UT i nānā ʻia). Hoʻemi kēia mau paila lōʻihi i nā splices kahua i ka wā o ke kau ʻana.
2. ASTM A252 Papa 3: Nā ʻano hana a me nā ʻano hana
ʻO ASTM A252 Papa 3 ka papa ikaika kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka kikoʻī A252 no nā paila paipu kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me nā paila kila seamless. ʻO ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi loa o 345 MPa (50,000 psi) a me ka ikaika tensile o 455 MPa (66,000 psi). ʻAʻole e like me API 5L, ʻaʻohe hoʻokaʻawale PSL1/PSL2 o A252 akā koi ʻia ka ductility maikaʻi (elongation) a me ke kūpaʻa weld no ka hoʻokele kahua.
Ka Hoʻohui Kemika (max % ma ke kaumaha - maʻamau no ka Papa 3, ʻaʻole koi ʻo ASTM A252 i nā palena paʻa):
| ʻElemene | Pae Maʻamau (Womic Steel) |
| C | 0.20 – 0.26 |
| Mn | 0.80 – 1.30 |
| P | ≤ 0.030 |
| S | ≤ 0.030 |
| Si | 0.15 – 0.40 |
| CEV | ≤ 0.45 (maʻamau ≤ 0.42) |
Hoʻohana ʻo Womic i nā pae kalapona a me ka manganese i kāohi ʻia e hoʻokō ai i ka ikaika Papa 3 me ka mālama ʻana i ka ductility maikaʻi loa a me ka weldability kahua.
Nā Waiwai Mekanika (Mahana o ka Lumi):
| Waiwai | ASTM A252 Papa 3 |
| Ikaika Hāʻawi (min) | 345 MPa (50,000 psi) |
| Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa (min) | 455 MPa (66,000 psi) |
| Hoʻolōʻihi (min) | 20% (no ke anawaena 50mm) |
| Paʻakikī (maʻamau) | 75-85 HRB |
Hoʻohālikelike me nā Papa ASTM A252:
| Papa | Ka nui o ka MPa (min) | MPa Hoʻopaʻa (min) | Hoʻohana Maʻamau |
| Papa 1 | 205 | 310 | Hana māmā, paila manawa pōkole |
| Papa 2 | 240 | 415 | Hoʻopili kahua laulā |
| Papa 3 | 345 | 455 | Hana kaumaha, kahua hohonu, kai |
ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ka Papa 3 ma kahi o 40% ma mua o ka Papa 2, e ʻae ana i nā ʻāpana paia lahilahi a i ʻole ka mana ukana kiʻekiʻe no ke anawaena like.
3. Ka laulā Ana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana
| Mea | Nā kikoʻī |
| Kūlana Maʻamau | ASTM A252 Papa 3 (loaʻa pū kekahi Papa 1, Papa 2) |
| Nā Kaʻina Hana Hana | JCOE, UOE, pā i ʻōwili ʻia (humuhumu hoʻokahi/pālua) |
| Ka laulā o ke anawaena o waho | 219mm – 3,500mm (8″ – 138″) |
| Pae Mānoanoa o ka Paia | JCOE/UOE: 6.0mm – 50.8mm; Papa ʻōwili: 25mm – 100mm |
| Ka laulā lōʻihi | Kūlana: 6m, 12m, 18m; Hoʻolōʻihi ʻia: a hiki i ka 60m (nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia) |
| Hoʻopau i ka hoʻopau ʻana | Pau Maʻemaʻe (PE), Pau Beveled (BE), a i ʻole i wili ʻia me ka hoʻopili ʻana (ma ke noi ʻana) |
| Hoʻopau ʻili | ʻŌlohelohe, ʻaila ʻia, ʻeleʻele i uhi ʻia, Epoxy, Coal Tar Epoxy, Zinc (galvanized) |
| Nā hoʻomanawanui | OD: ±0.75% a i ʻole ±3.2mm; WT: -0% / +15%; Lōʻihi: +100mm / -0mm no ka paila ʻana (ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o ka API) |
| Pololei | ≤ 0.2% o ka lōʻihi (maʻamau) |
4. Nā Ana a me nā Kikoʻī i Loaʻa - Paipu Kila ASTM A252 Papa 3 LSAW (Nā Nui Maʻamau i Koho ʻia)
| OD (mm) | Nā Koho WT (mm) | Kaʻina Hana | Kaumaha Kokoke (kg/m) | Lōʻihi Maʻamau | Hoʻohana Maʻamau |
| 219 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5 | JCOE | 33.6 – 63.6 | 12m / 18m | Kūkulu hale |
| 273 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5 | JCOE | 42.1 – 80.1 | 12m / 18m | Uapo o ke alahaka |
| 324 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0 | JCOE | 62.4 – 107.1 | 12m / 18m | Hoʻopili ʻana i ka awa |
| 406 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0 | JCOE/UOE | 78.5 – 153.9 | 12m / 18m | Ke kahua o ke awa |
| 508 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0 | UOE | 122.8 – 229.1 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Hoʻopili ʻana i ke kai |
| 610 | 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0 | UOE | 184.2 – 319.1 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Hoʻonui ʻia ke awa |
| 711 | 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4 | JCOE/UOE | 215.3 – 429.4 | 12m / 18m | Kahua ma waho o ke kai |
| 813 | 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0 | JCOE | 275.9 – 579.8 | 12m / 18m | Hoʻokumu hohonu |
| 914 | 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0 | JCOE/ʻōwili ʻia | 354.4 – 759.2 | 12m / 18m | ʻO ke keʻena hoʻopaʻa alahaka |
| 1,016 | 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0 | ʻōwili ʻia | 467.1 – 963.9 | 12m / 18m | Kikowaena moana |
| 1,220 | 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0 | ʻōwili ʻia | 650.0 – 1,450.5 | 12m / 18m | ʻAʻahu kahakai |
| 1,422 | 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 60.0 | ʻōwili ʻia | 875.1 – 2,016.8 | 12m / 18m | Nā puʻu kai nui |
| 1,600 | 30.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0, 80.0 | ʻŌwili ʻia (pālua) | 1,162 – 3,000 | 12m / 18m | Kahua wai hohonu |
| 2,000 | 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0, 80.0, 90.0 | ʻŌwili ʻia (pālua) | 1,933 - 4,240 | 12m | Papahana awa nui |
| 2,500 | 50.0, 60.0, 70.0, 80.0, 90.0, 100.0 | ʻŌwili ʻia (pālua) | 3,023 – 5,917 | 12m | ʻAno kai nui |
| 3,000 | 60.0, 70.0, 80.0, 90.0, 100.0 | ʻŌwili ʻia (pālua) | 4,351 - 7,149 | 12m | Ka mahi makani ma waho o ke kai |
Pono paha nā paipu paila pā kaumaha (≥ 50mm) i ka PWHT e hōʻemi i nā koʻikoʻi koena. No nā wahi ʻawaʻawa (moana), hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ka mana paʻakikī hou ma ke noi.
5. Nā Kūlana Maʻamau a me nā Papa - Paipu Piling Structural
| Kūlana Maʻamau | Nā Papa kila | Hoʻohana Maʻamau | Kaʻina Hana |
| ASTM A252 | Papa 1, 2, 3 | Pile kahua, kai | JCOE/UOE/ʻōwili ʻia |
| EN 10248 | S235GP, S275GP, S355GP | Paipu ʻōwili wela | ʻōwili ʻia |
| EN 10219 | S235JRH, S275JRH, S355JRH, S355J2H | Nā ʻāpana hakahaka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a anu | JCOE/ʻōwili ʻia |
| API 5L | GR.B, X42, X52 | Hoʻopili ʻana no nā kahua aila/kinoea | JCOE/UOE |
| ASTM A500 | GR.B, GR.C | Paipu poepoe kūkulu | JCOE |
| BS 7191 | S275, S355 | ʻAno kūkulu ma waho | ʻōwili ʻia |
Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo hoʻohana:Nā kahua alahaka, nā pou awa a me ke awa kū moku, nā pou ʻaʻahu paepae ma waho o ke kai, nā kahua turbine makani, nā kahua hale hohonu, nā cofferdams, nā ʻōnaehana fender moana.
6. Nā Kaʻina Hana Hana - LSAW no nā Pile Paipu Kila ASTM A252 Papa 3
Koho ʻo Womic Steel i ke kaʻina hana ma muli o ke anawaena a me ka mānoanoa o ka paia. No nā noi piling, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā hoʻomanawanui dimensional ma mua o API 5L, akā he mea koʻikoʻi ka kūpaʻa o ka weld a me ka ductility no ka hoʻokele hāmare.
Kaʻina Hana JCOE (406–1,422mm OD, 6.0–50.8mm WT):
● Wili lihi pā (bevel maʻalahi, ʻaʻohe koi koʻikoʻi no X a i ʻole J)
● Hoʻokumu ʻana o JCO ma ke ʻano he kaʻina
● Kuʻihao SAW (loko a me waho)
● Hoʻonui mīkini (koho - ʻaʻole pono pinepine ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā paipu paila)
● Kūpono no ka hapa nui o nā paila kumu
Kaʻina Hana UOE (508–1,220mm OD, 6.0–40mm WT):
● U-press a me O-press me ka hoʻonui ʻana
● Hoʻopuka i nā paila poepoe loa - he mea maikaʻi no nā hoʻomanawanui hoʻokele paʻa i nā lua i wili mua ʻia
● Hoʻohana ʻia no nā paila paepae ma waho o ke kai
Papa ʻōwili (Hui Hoʻokahi) no ka Pā Kaumaha a me ke Anawaena Nui (600–3,500mm OD, 25–100mm WT):
● Ke kulou ʻana o 4-ʻōwili i loko o ka paukūʻolokaʻa
● Kuʻihao SAW longitudinal (multi-pass no nā paia mānoanoa)
● ʻAʻohe hoʻonui mīkini (ʻae ʻia ka hoʻomanawanui ovality ±0.75% no ka paila ʻana)
● Kūpono no nā pou kai nui kahi i emi ai ke koʻikoʻi o ka poepoe ma mua o ka hiki ke ukana
Papa ʻōwili (Hui pālua) no ke anawaena nui loa (1,200–3,500mm OD, 25–100mm WT):
● ʻElua mau papa i ʻōwili ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua
● Nānā ʻia kēlā me kēia humuhumu 100% UT a me RT
● Hoʻohana ʻia no nā paila anawaena nui loa (nā monopile mahi makani a hiki i ka 10m OD)
Hana ʻana i nā paila lōʻihi (a hiki i ka 60m):No nā papahana e pono ai nā paila lōʻihi loa (e laʻa me nā monopile makani ma waho), hiki iā Womic ke hoʻoheheʻe i nā ʻāpana he 12m a i ʻole 18m mai ka hopena a i ka hopena me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wili hoʻopili SAW komo piha. Ua nānā ʻia kēlā me kēia wili hoʻopili 100% UT a me RT. Hoʻomaha ʻia ka paila i hoʻopau ʻia (PWHT) inā ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka paia ma mua o 40mm.
7. Nā Kaʻina Hana Hoʻomalu a me ka Hoʻāʻo ʻana no ka Paipu Kila ASTM A252 Papa 3 LSAW
| Kahua | ʻAno Nānā | Kumu |
| Pā | Ka Nānā Kemika | E hōʻoia i nā pae kalapona/manganese |
| Pā | Hoʻāʻo Tensile | E hōʻoia i ka hua a me ka tensile (≥ 345/455 MPa) |
| Pā | Hoʻāʻo Kūlou | Hōʻoia Ductility |
| Ke Kaʻina Hana Nei | Ana (OD, WT, ovality) | E hōʻoia i ka like ʻana o nā paipu |
| Humuhumu Weld | Hoʻāʻo Ultrasonic (100% no nā puʻu koʻikoʻi) | ʻIke i nā hemahema o ka wili ʻana |
| Humuhumu Weld | RT (kiko - 10% maʻamau no ka paila ʻana) | Ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka wili ʻana |
| Humuhumu Weld | MPI (nā manamana wāwae wili) | Nā māwae ʻili (koʻikoʻi no nā paila i hoʻoikaika ʻia) |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic (koho - ʻaʻole pono pinepine ke kūkulu ʻana i ka paila) | Inā wale nō i kuhikuhi ʻia |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Kūlou Alakaʻi (weld) | Ka ductility Weld no ka hoʻokele ʻana |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Hoʻopālahalaha | Ka ductility o ke kino paipu |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | ʻIke maka & Māka | Ke ʻano o ka ʻili, ka māka ʻana i ka lōʻihi |
No nā paila i hoʻokele ʻia (hoʻokomo hāmare):He mea koʻikoʻi ka Weld MPI a me nā hoʻokolohua kūlou i alakaʻi ʻia e hōʻoia i ke ola o ka weld i ka ukana hopena.
Koho no nā wahi kai a ʻino paha:
● Nānā ʻana i ka uhi ʻana (ʻike ʻana i ka wā hoʻomaha, hoʻopili ʻana, mānoanoa)
● Hoʻāʻo paʻakikī (no nā wahi kai ʻawaʻawa)
● PWHT no nā paila pā mānoanoa (> 50mm)
8. Nā Noi Kumu - Paipu Kila LSAW ASTM A252 Papa 3
●Nā kahua o ke alahaka– Nā puʻu hohonu no nā pou alahaka ma nā moena muliwai a me nā kūlana lepo palupalu
● Ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pou o ke awa a me ke awa– Nā uapo, nā paia o ka uapo, nā kahua o ke kahua hoʻouna ipu
● Nā paila ʻaʻahu paepae ma waho o ke kai– Nā paila kahua no nā kahua aila/kinoea ma nā hohonu wai pāpaʻu a waena
● Nā kahua o ka hale kiaʻi makani– Nā Monopiles no nā mahi makani ma waho o ke kai (pinepine ke anawaena nui, pā mānoanoa)
● Nā kahua hohonu o nā hale kiʻekiʻe– Nā puʻu ukana no nā hale kiaʻi kiʻekiʻe ma nā wahi kūlanakauhale
● Nā paila kākoʻo pale moana– Nā ʻōnaehana pale no ke kau ʻana o ka moku
● Nā pā pōhaku a me nā pā paʻa– Ka paʻa ʻana o ka honua no ka manawa pōkole a mau loa paha
● Nā hōʻailona alaloa a me nā kahua pou kukui– Puʻu liʻiliʻi no ke kahua halihali
● Nā puʻu hoʻopaʻa lepo– Nā papahana hoʻomaikaʻi honua
● Nā kahua o ke alahaka kaʻaahi– Nā ʻōnaehana kaʻaahi kaumaha
9. Hoʻopili a me ka hoʻouna ʻana - Paipu kila LSAW ASTM A252 Papa 3
Hoʻouna pinepine ʻia nā paipu paila i nā nui he nui, pinepine pololei i nā kahua kūkulu.
Pūʻolo:
● Nā anawaena liʻiliʻi (≤ 610mm): Hoʻopili ʻia me nā kaula kila (3-5 mau kaula no kēlā me kēia pūʻolo) me nā pale kihi pale.
● Nā anawaena nui (> 610mm): Nā paipu pākahi, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka ʻōpala lāʻau.
● Nā paila pā kaumaha: Nā paipu pākahi me nā kākoʻo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma 3-4 mau kiko.
● Nā pāpale welau: Nā pāpale palaki no nā welau beveled; hiki ke waiho hāmama ʻia nā welau maʻemaʻe.
● Palekana uhi: No nā paila i uhi ʻia, ka padding laholio a i ʻole ka ʻōwili huʻa ma waena o nā papa.
Hoʻouna ʻana:
● Nā moku haki nui no nā pou nui a me nā pou lōʻihi (a hiki i ka 60m)
● Nā ʻūpā pālahalaha a i ʻole nā ipu hāmama no ka lōʻihi a hiki i 18m
● Nā ipu no ke anawaena liʻiliʻi (< 610mm, ≤ 12m)
● Kaʻaahi a kaʻa paha no ka lawe ʻana i uka
Palapala:Palapala Hoʻāʻo Wili (EN 10204 ʻAno 3.1), hōʻike ana, nā hōʻike UT/RT (inā i kuhikuhi ʻia), papa inoa hoʻopili, bila kālepa, COO.
10. Nā Pōmaikaʻi o Womic Steel & FAQ - ASTM A252 Papa 3 LSAW Steel Pipe
No ke aha ʻo Womic Steel no ka ASTM A252 Grade 3 Piling Pipe?
●Ka hiki ke anawaena nui a hiki i ka 3,500mm (138″) - kūpono no nā monopiles a me nā paila kai nui
●Pā kaumaha a hiki i ka 100mm - kākoʻo i nā ukana axial a me nā ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe loa
●ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka paila lōʻihi a hiki i ka 60m - e hōʻemi ana i nā splices kahua a me ka manawa hoʻonohonoho
●Nā kaʻina hana he nui (JCOE, UOE, pā i ʻōwili ʻia) no ka hana ʻana me ke kumukūʻai kūpono
●Loaʻa ka nānā ʻana mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu (SGS, BV, ABS, DNV)
●Ma luna o 500 km o nā paipu paila i hoʻolako ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa
●Kumukūʻai hoʻokūkū no nā papahana ʻōnaehana nui
Nā Nīnau i Nīnau Pinepine ʻia:
Q: He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ASTM A252 Grade 3 a me API 5L X52 no ka paila ʻana?
A: ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ikaika o ka Papa 3 (345 MPa vs 360 MPa o X52) akā ua hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia no ka hoʻopili ʻana i hoʻokele ʻia. Loaʻa iā ia nā koi ductility a me ka elongation kiʻekiʻe (20% min) a ʻoi aku ka hoʻomanawanui i ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka hopena i ka wā e hoʻokele ai i ka hāmare. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka API 5L X52 no ka hoʻopili ʻana, akā ʻo ka Papa 3 ke kūlana ʻoihana no nā paila kumu ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me nā papahana honua he nui.
Q: Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolako i nā paila i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o 18m?
A: ʻAe. Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohui i nā ʻāpana he 12m a 18m paha e hana i nā lōʻihi a hiki i ka 60m. Ua nānā ʻia kēlā me kēia hoʻopili 100% UT a hiki ke nānā ʻia ʻo RT ma ke noi. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia mau paila lōʻihi no nā monopiles makani ma waho (30-50m ka lōʻihi).
Q: He aha ka mānoanoa o ka paia no ka paipu LSAW Papa 3?
A: ʻO ka papa ʻōwili hoʻokahi a hiki i ka 100mm, ʻo ka ʻōwili pālua a hiki i ka 100mm. No ka mānoanoa o ka paia ma luna o 100mm (e laʻa, 120mm), e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou no ka loiloi papahana kūikawā. Ua hoʻolako mākou i nā paila WT 120mm no nā kahua hohonu kūikawā.
Q: Pono anei kēia mau paipu i ka hoʻāʻo hydrostatic?
A: ʻAʻole koi ʻo ASTM A252 i ka hoʻāʻo hydrostatic no ka mea ʻaʻole nā paipu pili e pale ana i ke kaomi. Eia nō naʻe, inā koi kāu papahana i ka hydrotesting (e laʻa, no ka piling hui pū ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana i ka wai), hiki iā mākou ke hana iā ia ma ke kumukūʻai hou aku.
Q: He aha ka uhi i ʻōlelo ʻia no ka pili ʻana i ke kai?
A: No nā wahi kai, he mea maʻamau ka epoxy kēpau lanahu (mānoanoa 600-800 microns) a i ʻole ka epoxy ʻāpana aniani. No nā wahi splash zone, paipai mākou iā FBE a i ʻole 3LPE me ke kū'ē ʻana i ka abrasion. No ka wai maʻemaʻe a i ʻole ka lepo, ua lawa pinepine ka paipu ʻeleʻele maʻemaʻe a i ʻole ka ʻili i ʻaila ʻia.
Q: Pehea ʻoe e hōʻoia ai e ola nā wili i ka hoʻokele hāmare?
A: Hana mākou i ka 100% UT o ka weld seam me ka MPI (magnetic particle inspection) o nā manamana wāwae weld e ʻike i nā māwae ʻili. Hana pū mākou i nā hoʻokolohua kūlou alakaʻi ma nā laʻana weld e hōʻoia i ka ductility. No nā paila i hoʻokele koʻikoʻi ʻia, hiki iā mākou ke hāʻawi i ka hoʻāʻo hopena Charpy ma 0°C a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa.
Q: He aha ka manawa alakaʻi maʻamau no nā paipu paila Papa 3?
A: Ka manawa alakaʻi maʻamau: 30-45 mau lā no nā anawaena ≤ 1,422mm. No nā paipu papa ʻōwili nui (> 1,422mm): 45-60 mau lā. No nā paila lōʻihi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (a hiki i ka 60m): e hoʻohui i 2-3 mau pule no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a puni a me ka nānā ʻana.
Kuhikuhi Papahana - Hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke kahua hoʻokuʻu ipu o ke awa ʻo Houston
ʻĀina:ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (Houston, Texas)
Kūlana & Papa:ASTM A252 Papa 3 (me ka hopena Charpy hoʻohui ma 0°C)
Nā Ana a me ka Nui:
●OD 914mm (36″) × WT 19.0mm – 18,000 mika (ma kahi o 7,600 tons) i hana ʻia e ke kaʻina hana JCOE
●OD 1,067mm (42″) × WT 22.2mm - 9,000 mika (ma kahi o 4,600 tons) i hana ʻia e ka pā ʻōwili hoʻokahi humuhumu
●OD 1,219mm (48″) × WT 25.4mm – 3,500 mika (ma kahi o 2,500 tons) i hana ʻia e ka ʻōwili ʻana o ka papa hoʻokahi (no nā wahi moe wai hohonu)
Huina:30,500 mika (30.5 km) o ka paila ʻana, ma kahi o 14,700 tone
Nā kikoʻī:Nā wēlau maʻamau (ʻoki huinahā) me ka chamfer, uhi epoxy (500 microns, ʻano epoxy tar lanahu) no ka pale ʻana i ka pala i ka wai ʻawaʻawa o Houston Ship Channel. Hoʻāʻo hoʻopalahalaha koi ʻia (ʻaʻohe māwae ma hope o ka hoʻopalahalaha ʻana o 1/3 anawaena). Hoʻāʻo kūlou alakaʻi no ka ductility weld. 100% UT o ka humuhumu weld me 10% RT spot. MPI o nā manamana wāwae weld. Ka hopena Charpy ma 0°C (min 20J, maʻamau 40-60J). Nānā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu e SGS.
Noi:Hoʻonui ʻia o ke kahua hoʻokuʻu ipu ʻo Bayport ma ke awa ʻo Houston. Ua pili ka papahana i ke kūkulu ʻana i ʻelua mau wahi moe hou (1,200m ka huina o ka paia o ka uapo) me kahi mālama ipu ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāina. Hana nā paila paipu kila ma ke ʻano he kahua no ka hale papahele sima (nā paila hāpai ukana kū) a ma ke ʻano he mau paila kākoʻo fender (ka ukana ʻaoʻao). Ka hohonu o ka wai ma nā wahi moe: 16m.
Nā Pilikia ʻenehana a me nā Hoʻonā:
●Kaiapuni wai ʻawaʻawa ʻino– Loaʻa i ke Kai Kūʻai ʻo Houston kahi chloride kiʻekiʻe (10,000-18,000 ppm) a me ka pH haʻahaʻa (6.5-7.0) ma muli o ke kahe ʻana o ka ʻoihana. Ua hoʻopili ʻo Womic i ka uhi epoxy tar lanahu (600 microns DFT) me ʻelua papa: primer (200 microns) + topcoat (400 microns). Ua hala ka uhi ʻana i 3,000 hola o ka hoʻāʻo pīpī paʻakai (ASTM B117) me ka < 2mm creep. Ua hana ʻia ka ʻike ʻana i ka Holiday ma 3.5kV me ka ʻole o nā hemahema.
●Nā hoʻoluhi hoʻokele kiʻekiʻe ma ke one mānoanoa– ʻO ke ʻano o ka lepo ma ke kikowaena he one lepo mānoanoa me ka hoʻāʻo komo maʻamau (SPT) N-waiwai o 30-50. Ua kokoke nā koʻikoʻi hoʻokele pila i 80% o ka ikaika hua. Ua hana ʻo Womic i nā hoʻāʻo kūlou alakaʻi ma nā coupons weld (ka radius kūlou 4x ka mānoanoa, 180°) me ka ʻole o nā māwae. Ua hāʻawi pū mākou i ka MPI weld ma kēlā me kēia pila 50 e hōʻoia i ka ʻole o nā māwae manamana wāwae. Ua hōʻike ka mea hana hoʻokele pila o ka mea kūʻai aku ʻaʻohe welds haki i ka wā o ke kau ʻana o 2,100 mau pila.
●Nā lōʻihi o ka paila no nā wahi moe wai hohonu– ʻO ka wahi moe hohonu loa e pono ai nā pou i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka hohonu o 32m (20m i loko o ka papa kai + 12m ma luna o ka laina lepo). ʻO nā hui maʻamau 12m e pono ai 3 mau ʻāpana kahua no kēlā me kēia pou. Ua hoʻolako ʻo Womic i nā hui 18m ka lōʻihi (ʻōwili ʻia ka papa hoʻokahi) no nā pou 1,067mm a me 1,219mm, e hōʻemi ana i nā ʻāpana kahua mai 3 a 2 no kēlā me kēia pou (e mālama ana i ka manawa kuʻi 35%. Ua hoʻolako pū mākou i nā pou 36m ka lōʻihi no ka ʻōnaehana fender (ʻaʻohe pono o nā ʻāpana) ma ka kuʻi ʻana i ʻelua mau ʻāpana 18m mai ka hopena a i ka hopena me ka SAW komo piha a me 100% UT.
●Ka paʻakikī o ka hopena no ka hoʻokele hoʻoilo– Hiki i ka mahana hoʻoilo o Houston ke hāʻule i -5°C. ʻO ka hoʻokele pila ma ka mahana haʻahaʻa e hoʻopilikia i ka haki ʻana o ka brittle. Ua hoʻolako ʻo Womic i ka Papa 3 me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka paʻakikī o ka mahana haʻahaʻa: Ka hopena Charpy ma 0°C min 20J (ʻaʻole koi ʻia ka hoʻāʻo hopena e ka maʻamau A252). Nā hopena maoli: 45-65J ma 0°C, 35-50J ma -10°C. Ua hoʻokomo ka mea kūʻai aku i kēia ma ke ʻano he koi ʻaʻole koi ʻia akā he pono.
●Hoʻouna pololei i ka manawa kūpono– He palena iki ka wahi hoʻomoe o ke kahua kūkulu (8,000 mika kuea wale nō). Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo Womic i ʻehā mau ukana (ma kahi o 3,700 tone kēlā me kēia) ma luna o 5 mau mahina. Ua lawe ʻia nā paipu e ka moku haki nui mai Shanghai a i Houston, a laila ua lawe ʻia i loko o nā kalaka ma nā ʻāpana he 200 tone i kēlā me kēia 2 pule. Ua hoʻonohonoho ka hui logistics o Womic me ka mana awa e hoʻokau mua i ka hoʻoiho ʻana a me ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā kalaka, e pale ana i ka mālama ʻana ma ke awa. Ua hōʻea nā ukana āpau i loko o ±3 mau lā o nā lā i hoʻonohonoho ʻia.
●Ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o Buy America– Ua koi ka papahana Awa ʻo Houston i kahi hoʻokuʻu no ke kila haole no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i ka hana kūloko o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ke hoʻokō i ka papa manawa. Ua hāʻawi ʻo Womic i nā palapala kikoʻī e pili ana i nā palapala hōʻoia o ka hale wili, ka ʻāina i hana ʻia ai, a me ka hiki ke hahai ʻia nā mea. Ua ʻae ʻia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, a ua ʻae ʻia nā 14,700 tone a pau o nā Dute o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokaʻulua.
● Hopena:Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kahua hoʻouka kaua ʻo Bayport i ka hapaha 3 o 2024, ma mua o ka manawa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia. Ua hala nā paila paipu kila he 2,100 a pau i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka ukana (hoʻāʻo ukana paʻa ma 5% o nā paila: hoʻonohonoho < 10mm ma ka ukana hoʻolālā 2x). Ua hōʻike ka luna awa ʻaʻohe hemahema o nā paila a i ʻole nā pilikia uhi. Ua loaʻa iā Womic Steel kahi makana "Supplier Performance Excellence" mai ka ʻoihana hana nui (kahi ʻoihana ʻenekinia kīwila nui o ʻAmelika). Ke hana nei ke kahua hoʻouka kaua i kēia manawa, e lawelawe ana i 1.5 miliona TEU i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Hoʻokaʻaʻike:
Pūnaewele: www.womicsteel.com
Leka uila: sales@womicsteel.com
Kelepona / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Lanakila: +86 15575100681
ʻO Jack: +86 18390957568
ʻO Womic Steel - ʻO kāu hoa hilinaʻi no nā paila paipu kila ASTM A252 Grade 3 LSAW no nā kumu alahaka, nā paila kai, nā kumu hale hohonu, a me nā monopiles mahi makani ma waho o ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
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