1. Womic Steel: Nā Mana Hana a me ka Ikaika o ka ʻOihana
He mea hana mua ʻo Womic Steel Group a he mea hoʻopuka aku ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa me ka ʻoi aku o 20 mau makahiki o ka ʻike loea i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana tubular kalapona, alloy, a me ke kila kila. ʻO kā mākou hale hana hana paipu ERW kiʻekiʻe loa e uhi ana i kahi hiki ke hana piha ma mua o 15,000 tons i kēlā me kēia mahina no nā paipu kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke kūpaʻa uila.
Ka laulā nui o ka hana no ka paipu AS/NZS 1163 C250L0 ERW:ʻO ke anawaena poepoe o waho mai 21.3mm a i 610mm (1/2 ʻīniha a i 24 ʻīniha) me ka mānoanoa o ka paia mai 1.5mm a i 12.7mm. ʻO nā nui huinaha mai 25mm x 25mm a i 500mm x 500mm. ʻO nā nui huinahā mai 40mm x 20mm a i 600mm x 400mm. ʻO ka lōʻihi hoʻokahi o 6m, ka lōʻihi pālua o 12m, a i ʻole nā lōʻihi i hana ʻia e like me ka mea e pono ai.
Nā Palapala Hōʻoia Kūlana a me ka Hoʻokō ʻana i nā Hoʻoponopono:
Hōʻoia ʻia ʻo ISO 9001:2015:ʻŌnaehana hoʻokele maikaʻi e hōʻoia ana i ka maikaʻi mau o ka huahana ma nā hana āpau.
Hoʻokō AS/NZS 1163:Hoʻokō piha me ke Kūlana Australian/New Zealand no nā ʻāpana hakahaka kila kūkulu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a anu ʻia.
Palapala Hōʻoia EN 10204 3.2:Palapala Hōʻoia Nānā 3.2 i hōʻoia ʻia e TÜV, LR, BV, a i ʻole SGS no nā papahana koʻikoʻi e pono ai ka hiki ke huli piha ʻia.
Nā ʻae ʻia e ka Nānā ʻAoʻao ʻEkolu (TPI):Nā huahana a me nā kaʻina hana i ʻāpono ʻia e SGS, BV, ABS, LR, DNV, GL, a me TÜV.
Hoʻomaopopo Honua:He mea hoʻolako hilinaʻi ʻo Womic Steel i nā ʻoihana kūkulu hale a me nā ʻoihana ʻenekinia e lawelawe ana ma mua o 80 mau ʻāina, me Australia a me Aotearoa.
2. Paipu kila AS/NZS 1163 C250L0 ERW: Nā ʻano o ka hoʻohuihui ʻana o nā mea a me ka hana
ʻO AS/NZS 1163 C250L0 kahi ʻāpana hakahaka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i hoʻokumu anu ʻia me ka paʻakikī hopena haʻahaʻa i hōʻoia ʻia. Hōʻike ka "C" i ke anu i hoʻokumu ʻia, hōʻike ka "250" i ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi loa o 250 MPa, hōʻike ka "L" i nā waiwai hopena i hōʻoia ʻia, a hōʻike ka "0" i ka hoʻāʻo hopena haʻahaʻa ma 0°C.
ʻO C250L0 ka mana i hoʻāʻo ʻia e ka hopena o C250. Hōʻoia ka hoʻolālā L0 i ka paʻakikī o ka hopena Charpy V-Notch ma 0°C, e kūpono ana no nā noi aniau anuanu kahi i ʻae ʻole ʻia ai ka C250 maʻamau. Pono ka hoʻāʻo hopena no ka mānoanoa o ka paia ≥ 6mm.
AS/NZS 1163 C250L0 ERW Paipu kila Kemika Hoʻohuihui (Loiloi Ladle, % ma ke kaumaha):
| ʻElemene | C kiʻekiʻe | Si max | Mn max | P kiʻekiʻe | S kiʻekiʻe | ʻO ka palena kiʻekiʻe CE |
| C250L0 | 0.20 | 0.45 | 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.35 |
Nānā: ʻOi aku ka paʻa o ka phosphorus a me ka sulfur i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me C250, me nā waiwai hopena i hōʻoia ʻia i hoʻokō ʻia ma o ka hana kila i kāohi ʻia a me ka mālama ʻana i ka palaoa maikaʻi.
Nā Waiwai Mekanika o ka Paipu Kila AS/NZS 1163 C250L0 ERW (Mahana o ka Lumi):
| Waiwai | Nā Koi C250L0 |
| Ikaika Hāʻawi (min) | 250 MPa (36,000 psi) |
| Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa (min) | 320 MPa (46,000 psi) |
| Hoʻolōʻihi (min) | 18% (e hilinaʻi ana i ka lakio do/t) |
Nā Koina Elongation e ka ʻAno Māhele:
| ʻAno Māhele | hana/t ≤ 15 | 15 < hana/t ≤ 30 | hana/ʻaʻole > 30 |
| Nā ʻĀpana Pōʻai Lua (CHS) | 18% | 20% | 22% |
| ʻĀpana huinahā/SHS | 14% | 16% | 18% |
Nā Waiwai Hopena o ka Paipu Kila AS/NZS 1163 C250L0 ERW (Charpy V-Notch):
| Papa | Mahana Hoʻāʻo | Ikehu awelika (min) | Ikehu pilikino (min) | Koi Hoʻāʻo |
| C250L0 | 0°C | 27 Joules | 20 Joules | Pono no t ≥ 6mm |
*Nānā: Hōʻoia ka hoʻolālā L0 i ka paʻakikī o ka hopena haʻahaʻa, e kūpono ai ʻo C250L0 no nā noi aniau anuanu kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai nā hale i nā mahana ma ka hau hau a i ʻole ma lalo o ka hau.*
Hoʻohālikelike Papa AS/NZS 1163:
| Papa | Ikaika Hāʻawi | Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa | Mahana Hopohopo | Ikehu hopena | Hoʻohana Maʻamau |
| C250 | 250 MPa | 320 MPa | ʻAʻole koi ʻia | — | ʻAno māmā, ʻano akahai ke aniau |
| C250L0 | 250 MPa | 320 MPa | 0°C | 27J | ʻAno māmā, aniau anuanu |
| C350 | 350 MPa | 430 MPa | ʻAʻole koi ʻia | — | ʻAno kūkulu kaumaha, aniau mālie |
| C350L0 | 350 MPa | 430 MPa | 0°C | 27J | ʻAno kūkulu kaumaha, aniau anuanu |
| C450 | 450 MPa | 500 MPa | ʻAʻole koi ʻia | — | Ka ikaika loa, ke aniau mālie |
| C450L0 | 450 MPa | 500 MPa | 0°C | 27J | Ka ikaika loa, ke aniau anuanu |
3. AS/NZS 1163 C250L0 ERW Steel Pipe Ana a me ka Hoʻokō ʻana i nā Kūlana
Hoʻolako ʻo Womic Steel i nā paipu AS/NZS 1163 C250L0 ERW ma kahi ākea ākea, e kūlike piha ana me ke kūlana AS/NZS 1163.
| Mea | Nā kikoʻī |
| Kūlana Maʻamau | AS/NZS 1163 (Nā ʻāpana hakahaka kila kūkulu anu) |
| Papa | C250L0 |
| Kaʻina Hana Hana | ʻO ka ERW i hoʻokumu anu ʻia (Welding Kū'ē Uila) |
| Nā Koho ʻAno | Poepoe (CHS) / Huinahā (SHS) / Huinahālike (ʻākau) |
| Pae OD Poepoe | 21.3mm – 610mm (1/2" – 24") |
| Pae Nui Huinahā | 25mm x 25mm – 500mm x 500mm |
| Ka laulā nui o nā huinahā | 40mm x 20mm - 600mm x 400mm |
| Pae Mānoanoa o ka Paia | 1.5mm – 12.7mm (ma muli o ka nui a me ke ʻano) |
| Koi Hoʻāʻo Hopena | Pono no ka mānoanoa o ka paia ≥ 6mm |
| Ka lōʻihi | 6m (SR), 12m (DR), a i ʻole nā lōʻihi maʻamau a hiki i 18m |
| Hoʻopau i ka hoʻopau ʻana | Wāhi Maʻemaʻe (PE) / Wāhi Beveled (BE) |
| Hoʻopau ʻili | ʻŌlohelohe / ʻAila ʻia / Hoʻomaka mua ʻia / Hoʻoheheʻe wela ʻia |
Nā Hoʻomanawanui Ana no AS/NZS 1163:
| ʻAno | Hoʻomanawanui |
| Nā ana o waho | ±1% (min 0.5mm) |
| Mānoanoa o ka paia (t) | ±10% |
| ʻŌpū/ʻŌpū | Max 0.8% a i ʻole 0.5mm |
| Ka huinahā o nā ʻaoʻao | 90° ±1° |
| Pololei | 0.15% o ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa |
| Milo | 2mm + 0.5mm/m ka lōʻihi |
| Ka nuipa no ka lōʻihi o ke anakahi | ʻAʻole emi ma lalo o 0.96 x ka nuipa i kuhikuhi ʻia |
| Ka hoʻomanawanui lōʻihi o ka wili | 0, +100mm |
| Ka lōʻihi pololei (<6m) | 0, +5mm |
| Ka lōʻihi pololei (6-10m) | 0, +15mm |
4. Nā Ana a me nā Kikoʻī i Loaʻa - Paipu Kila ERW
| NB | Ka nui | OD mm | SCH40S mm | SCH5S mm | SCH10S mm | SCH10 mm | SCH20 mm | SCH40 mm | SCH60 mm | XS/80S mm | SCH80 mm | SCH100 mm | SCH120 mm | SCH140 mm | SCH160 mm | SCHXXS mm |
| 6 | 1/8” | 10.29 | 1.24 | 1.73 | 2.41 | |||||||||||
| 8 | 1/4” | 13.72 | 1.65 | 2.24 | 3.02 | |||||||||||
| 10 | 3/8” | 17.15 | 1.65 | 2.31 | 3.20 | |||||||||||
| 15 | 1/2” | 21.34 | 2.77 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.77 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 4.78 | 7.47 | ||||||
| 20 | 3/4” | 26.67 | 2.87 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 3.91 | 5.56 | 7.82 | ||||||
| 25 | 1” | 33.40 | 3.38 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.38 | 4.55 | 4.55 | 6.35 | 9.09 | ||||||
| 32 | 1 1/4” | 42.16 | 3.56 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.56 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 6.35 | 9.70 | ||||||
| 40 | 1 1/2” | 48.26 | 3.68 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.68 | 5.08 | 5.08 | 7.14 | 10.15 | ||||||
| 50 | 2” | 60.33 | 3.91 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.91 | 5.54 | 5.54 | 9.74 | 11.07 | ||||||
| 65 | 2 1/2” | 73.03 | 5.16 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.16 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 9.53 | 14.02 | ||||||
| 80 | 3” | 88.90 | 5.49 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.49 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 11.13 | 15.24 | ||||||
| 90 | 3 1/2” | 101.60 | 5.74 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.74 | 8.08 | 8.08 | ||||||||
| 100 | 4” | 114.30 | 6.02 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 6.02 | 8.56 | 8.56 | 11.12 | 13.49 | 17.12 | |||||
| 125 | 5” | 141.30 | 6.55 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 6.55 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 12.70 | 15.88 | 19.05 | |||||
| 150 | 6” | 168.27 | 7.11 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 10.97 | 14.27 | 18.26 | 21.95 | |||||
| 200 | 8” | 219.08 | 8.18 | 2.77 | 3.76 | 6.35 | 8.18 | 10.31 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 20.62 | 23.01 | 22.23 | |
| 250 | 10” | 273.05 | 9.27 | 3.40 | 4.19 | 6.35 | 9.27 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 25.40 | |
| 300 | 12” | 323.85 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.57 | 6.35 | 10.31 | 14.27 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 33.32 | 25.40 | |
| 350 | 14” | 355.60 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 11.13 | 15.09 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 23.83 | 27.79 | 31.75 | 35.71 | |
| 400 | 16” | 406.40 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 16.66 | 12.70 | 21.44 | 26.19 | 30.96 | 36.53 | 40.49 | |
| 450 | 18” | 457.20 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 14.27 | 19.05 | 12.70 | 23.83 | 29.36 | 34.93 | 39.67 | 45.24 | |
| 500 | 20” | 508.00 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 15.09 | 20.62 | 12.70 | 26.19 | 32.54 | 38.10 | 44.45 | 50.01 | |
| 550 | 22” | 558.80 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 22.23 | 12.70 | 28.58 | 34.93 | 41.28 | 47.63 | 53.98 | ||
| 600 | 24” | 609.60 | 9.53 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 17.48 | 24.61 | 12.70 | 30.96 | 38.89 | 46.02 | 52.37 | 59.54 | |
| 650 | 26” | 660.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 |
Nānā: Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka mānoanoa o ka paia ma muli o ke anawaena o ka paipu a me ka hiki ke hana. Loaʻa nā ana maʻamau ma waho o kēia pae ma ke noi ʻana.
5. Nā Kūlana Paipu Kila ERW maʻamau i hana ʻia e Womic Steel
| Kūlana Maʻamau | Nā Papa Maʻamau | Hoʻohana Maʻamau |
| API 5L (Kuhikuhi no ka Paipu Laina) | ||
| API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 | GR.B, X42, X52, X60, X65, X70 | ʻO ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea, nā paipu uka/waho |
| Paipu Laina ASTM a me ka Paipu Kūkulu | ||
| ASTM A53 (Kikokikona no ka Paipu, Kila, ʻEleʻele a me ka Wela-Ipu ʻia, Uhi ʻia me ka Zinc, Welded a me ka Seamless) | GR.A, GR.B | Wai, kinoea, mahu, ea, nā noi kūkulu |
| ASTM A135 (Kuhikuhi no ka Paipu Kila i Hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke Kūʻē Uila) | GR.A, GR.B | Wai, kinoea, mahu, nā lawelawe hoʻomaʻemaʻe |
| ASTM A252 (Kuhikuhi no nā Pile Paipu Kila Welded a Seamless) | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 | Hoʻopili kahua, hoʻopili kai, kahua alahaka |
| ASTM A500 (Kuhikuhi no ka Paipu Kūkulu Kila Kalapona i Hoʻopaʻa Anu ʻia a me ka Seamless) | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Nā paipu kūkulu, nā mōlina hale, nā alahaka |
| ASTM A501 (Kuhikuhi no ka Paipu Kūkulu Kila Kalapona Welded a Seamless i hoʻokumu ʻia me ka wela) | GR.A, GR.B | Nā noi kūkulu kaumaha, nā kolamu, nā trusses |
| Mea Hoʻololi Wela a me ka Paipu ASTM (ERW) | ||
| ASTM A178 (Kuhikuhi no ke kila kalapona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke kūpaʻa uila a me nā paipu paila kila kalapona-Manganese) | Papa A, C, D | Nā paipu paila, nā paipu superheater |
| ASTM A214 (Kuhikuhi no ka Mea Hoʻololi Wela Kalapona Kila Uila-Paʻa-Uila a me nā Paipu Condenser) | — | Nā mea hoʻololi wela, nā mea hoʻohuihui |
| ASTM A250 (Kuhikuhi no nā paipu paila kila Ferritic Alloy Steel Boiler a me Superheater i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke kūpaʻa uila) | T1, T2, T5, T9, T11, T22 | ʻO ka paila wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka superheater |
| ASTM A334 (Kuhikuhi no nā Paipu Kila Kalapona a me Alloy Seamless a Welded no ka lawelawe Haʻahaʻa-Mahana) | GR.1, GR.3, GR.6 | Hana lawelawe haʻahaʻa wela, cryogenic |
| Nā Kūlana EN / DIN / BS | ||
| EN 10217-1 (Nā paipu kila i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia no nā kumu kaomi - Nā paipu kila ʻaʻole me nā waiwai mahana lumi i kuhikuhi ʻia) | P235TR1, P265TR1 | Nā ipu kaomi, nā pahu paila, nā paipu kaomi kiʻekiʻe |
| EN 10217-2 (Nā paipu kila i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia no nā kumu kaomi - Nā paipu kila ʻole-alloy a me nā paipu kila alloy me nā waiwai mahana kiʻekiʻe i kuhikuhi ʻia) | P235GH, P265GH, P295GH, P355GH | Mahana kiʻekiʻe, nā paipu paila, nā mea hoʻololi wela |
| EN 10219-1 (Nā ʻāpana hakahaka kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i hoʻokumu anu ʻia no nā kumu kūkulu) | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H | Nā noi kūkulu, ke kūkulu hale ʻana, nā alahaka |
| EN 10210 (Nā ʻāpana hakahaka hoʻolālā wela i hoʻopau ʻia o nā kila ʻaʻole-alloy a me nā kila palaoa maikaʻi) | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H S420MH, S460MH | Nā ʻāpana hakahaka seamless/welded i hana wela ʻia no nā kumu kūkulu, ke kūkulu hale ʻana, nā alahaka |
| EN 10025-2 (Nā huahana ʻōwili wela o nā kila kūkulu - Nā kila kūkulu ʻaʻole i hoʻohuihui ʻia) | S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, | Hana kila kūkulu laulā, ʻenekinia kīwila |
| EN 10255 (Nā paipu kila ʻaʻole i hoʻohuihui ʻia i kūpono no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ke kaula ʻana) | S195T, S235JRTH | Wai, kinoea, wai ʻino, nā ʻōnaehana paipu wili |
| EN 10305-2 (Nā paipu kila no nā noi kikoʻī - Nā paipu i huki anu ʻia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia) | E215, E235, E355 | Nā noi kikoʻī, nā paukūʻoloka hydraulic |
| BS 1387 (Kuhikuhi no nā paipu kila a me nā tubular i wili ʻia a me nā socketed) | Papa A, B, C | Wai, kinoea, mahu, ʻilikai, paipu wili |
| DIN 2458 (Nā paipu kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me nā mea hoʻopili - Nā kūlana hoʻouna loea laulā) | St37.0, St44.0, St52.0 | Nā paipu kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia maʻamau, nā noi kūkulu |
| ISO a me nā Kūlana ʻē aʻe | ||
| ISO 3183 (ʻOihana ʻaila a me ke kinoea kūlohelohe - Paipu kila no nā ʻōnaehana halihali paipu) | L245, L290, L360, L415 | Nā paipu ʻaila a me ke kinoea (like ka ISO me API 5L) |
| ISO 65 (Nā paipu kila no ka wai, ke kinoea, a me ka wai hoʻokahe - Nā paipu wili) | Waena, Kaumaha | Wai, kinoea, wai hoʻoheheʻe, paipu wili |
| CSA G40.21 (Kila kūlana kūkulu - kūlana Kanada) | 44W, 50W | Nā noi kūkulu (Kanada) |
| AS 1163 (Nā ʻāpana hakahaka kila kūkulu - kūlana maʻamau o ʻAukekulelia) | C250, C350, C450 | Nā ʻāpana hakahaka kūkulu (ʻAukekulelia) |
| GOST 10706 (Nā paipu kila i hoʻopili ʻia no nā pipelines a me nā hale - ke kūlana Lūkini) | Alanui 20, Alanui 35, Alanui 45 | Nā paipu, nā noi kūkulu (Lūkia) |
Hoʻohana:ʻO ka hoʻoili ʻaila a me ke kinoea, ka wai a me ka wai hoʻokahe, nā papahana kūkulu, scaffolding, ke kumu piling, ka wai kaomi kiʻekiʻe, ka hana kemika, ka hana mana, ke kūkulu ʻana, ka ʻenekinia moana, nā paipu paila, nā mea hoʻololi wela, nā superheaters, nā condensers, ka lawelawe mahana haʻahaʻa, nā noi kikoʻī, nā cylinders hydraulic, nā ʻōnaehana paipu wili
6. Kaʻina Hana Hana - Paipu Kila ERW / HFW
Nānā ʻana i nā mea maka:Ua hōʻoia ʻia nā wili kila e hiki mai ana no ka haku mele kemika, nā waiwai mechanical, a me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili. Ua hāʻawi ʻia kēlā me kēia wili i kahi helu wela kūikawā no ka hiki ke hahai piha ʻia.
Wehe a hoʻohaʻahaʻa:Ua wehe ʻia nā wili a hoʻopālahalaha ʻia e hoʻopalahalaha i ke kaha a wehe i ka hoʻonohonoho wili, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka palahalaha like no ka hoʻokumu mau ʻana.
Wili ʻana a me ka ʻoki ʻana i ka lihi:Ua wili ʻia nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kaha i ka ʻae ʻana i ka laulā pololei (± 0.5mm), e hana ana i kahi ʻili maʻemaʻe a like no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka wili kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻokumu Anu:Hele ke kaha pae ʻia ma o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōwili e hoʻopololei mālie ana i ke kaha pālahalaha i loko o kahi pūpū paipu cylindrical hāmama.
Kuʻihao Alapine Kiʻekiʻe (HFW/ERW):Hoʻomehana ke au alapine kiʻekiʻe (200-500 kHz) i nā ʻaoʻao pili i ka mahana forging (1,350-1,500°C). E ʻomi i nā ʻōwili e kaomi i nā ʻaoʻao i wela ʻia, e hana ana i kahi wili forged me ka ʻole o ka mea hoʻopihapiha.
Wehe ʻana i nā Bead Weld:Hoʻopau ʻia ke kukui kūloko a me waho e nā pahi scarfing carbide i ka wā e wela ana, e hana ana i kahi ʻili laumania me ka hoʻoikaika liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻopili ʻana.
Ka nui:Hele ka paipu i hoʻopili ʻia ma o nā ʻōwili ana e hoʻokō ai i ka hoʻomanawanui OD pololei (± 0.5% a i ± 1.0%). Hoʻopuka nā ʻōwili hou i nā ʻano huinahā/ʻālikelike inā pono.
Ka Lapaʻau Wela (Koho):Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ke hoʻonohonoho maʻamau ma 890-930°C no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ductility a i ʻole ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ke kaumaha, e hana ana i kahi microstructure ferrite-pearlite like.
ʻOki ʻana i ka lōʻihi:Ua ʻoki ʻia ka paipu i nā lōʻihi i kuhikuhi ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻoki lele me ka mana kikoʻī (± 3mm).
Hoʻāʻo ʻAʻole Luku:
●Hoʻāʻo Ultrasonic (UT):Nānā 100% o ke kuʻi wili a me ke kino paipu no nā laminations, nā inclusions, a me ka nele o ka fusion.
●Hoʻāʻo ʻana o ke au Eddy (ET):Ka nānā mau ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka weld ma ka pūnaewele.
●Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic:Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia paipu i 95% o SMYS no ka liʻiliʻi he 10 kekona.
Hoʻopau hope:Nā wēlau maʻemaʻe, nā wēlau beveled (30°-35° me ka pae ʻana 1.6mm), a i ʻole nā wēlau wili e like me ka kikoʻī o ka mea kūʻai aku.
Nānā Hope Loa & Māka:Nānā maka, hōʻoia ʻana i nā ana (OD, WT, lōʻihi, pololei), a me ka māka mau loa e like me ke kūlana (papa, nui, helu wela, mea hana).
7. Nā Kaʻina Hana Hoʻomalu a me ka Hoʻāʻo ʻana
| Kahua | ʻAno Nānā | Kumu |
| Mea Maka | Ka Loiloi Kemika (OES Spectrometer) | E hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana me nā palena o ka haku mele ʻana o API 5L |
| Mea Maka | Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka Tensile | E hōʻoia i ka hua, ka ikaika tensile, ka elongation |
| Ke Kaʻina Hana Nei | Nānā Ana (Micrometers, Calipers) | E nānā i ka OD, WT i ka wā e hoʻokumu ai a me ka nui ʻana |
| ʻĀpana Weld | Hoʻāʻo Ultrasonic (UT) - Ma ka Pūnaewele | ʻIke i nā discontinuities weld, nele o ka fusion |
| ʻĀpana Weld | Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke au Eddy (ET) - Ma ka Pūnaewele | Ka nānā mau ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ke kuʻi weld |
| ʻĀpana Weld | Hoʻokolokolo Macro o ka Weld Seam | E hōʻoia i ka komo ʻana o ka weld a me ke ʻano fusion |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic (10 kekona min ma 95% SMYS) | E hōʻoia i ka paʻa o ke kaomi a me ka paʻa o ka leakage |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Ultrasonic (UT) - Off-Line (Koho) | Nānā laminar kino piha |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Nānā ʻĀpana Magnetic (MPI) | Ka ʻike ʻana i nā māwae ʻili (weld a me HAZ) |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo hopena Charpy V-Notch | E hōʻoia i ka paʻakikī o ka mahana haʻahaʻa (PSL2) |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Paʻakikī (HRC / HV10) | E hōʻoia i nā palena paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa (lawelawe ʻawaʻawa) |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Kūlou Alakaʻi (Maka & Aʻa) | E hōʻoia i ka ductility a me ke kūpaʻa o ka weld |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Hoʻāʻo Hoʻopālahalaha | E hōʻoia i ka ductility a me ke kūpaʻa o ke kino o ka paipu |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Nānā Ana a me ka ʻIke Maka | E hōʻoia i ka OD, WT, ka lōʻihi, ka pololei, ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili |
| Paipu i hoʻopau ʻia | Ka Hōʻoia ʻana o ka Māka | E hōʻoia i ka māka mau loa no kēlā me kēia API 5L |
Nā Hoʻāʻo ʻē aʻe no ka PSL2 / Sour Service:
● Hoʻāʻo HIC (Haydrogen Induced Cracking) no NACE TM0284
● Hoʻāʻo SSC (Sulfide Stress Cracking) e like me NACE TM0177 Ke ʻAno A
● Hoʻāʻo hopena CVN ma -10°C, -20°C, a i ʻole -46°C
● Hōʻoia Paʻakikī (≤ 22 HRC / ≤ 248 HV10 no ka pale ʻana iā HIC)
Palapala Kūlana:
● Palapala Hoʻāʻo Wili e like me EN 10204 ʻAno 2.2, 3.1, a i ʻole 3.2
● Hōʻike Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic (paipu-ma-paipu)
● Hōʻike Nānā UT / ET
Ka hiki ke hahai ʻia mai ka helu wela a i ka paipu i hoʻopau ʻia
8. Nā Hoʻohana Kumu ERW Steel Pipe
He mau ʻāpana koʻikoʻi nā paipu ERW i ka hoʻoili ʻaila a me ke kinoea a me nā noi ʻoihana like ʻole:
Hoʻoili ʻaila a me ke kinoea:Nā paipu paipu lōʻihi ma uka a me waho no ka ʻaila maka, ke kinoea kūlohelohe, a me nā huahana ʻaila i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia.
Ka Halihali Wai Kiʻekiʻe-Pressure:Nā laina hoʻokomo wai, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolei wai i hana ʻia, a me ka hoʻoili wai kiʻekiʻe i nā kahua aila a me nā hale hana.
Nā Papahana Paipu Ma Uka:Nā laina hōʻiliʻili ma waena o ka ʻāina, nā laina kumu, a me nā paipu hoʻolaha ma nā kahua aila a me ke kinoea.
Nā ʻōnaehana paipu kai:Nā laina kahe o lalo o ka moana, nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe, a me nā paipu hoʻokuʻu aku no nā kahua ma waho o ke kai a me nā hoʻopau ʻana o lalo o ka moana (me nā koho lawelawe PSL2 a me ka sour).
Nā Kaiapuni Lawelawe ʻAwaʻawa:ʻO nā paipu e lawelawe ana i ke kinoea ʻawaʻawa pulu (loaʻa ka H₂S) e pono ai ka PSL2 me nā koi pākuʻi e pili ana i ke kū'ē ʻana o HIC a me SSC e like me nā kūlana NACE.
Ka Hoʻoili ʻana o ka Wai:Nā paipu hoʻolako wai me ke anawaena nui, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoinu wai, a me ka hoʻoili wai maka no ka hoʻohana ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale a me nā ʻoihana.
Ka Hoʻōla ʻAi Wai a me ka Wai ʻŌpala:Nā paipu hoʻokahe wai, nā paipu hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me nā ʻōnaehana lawelawe lepo.
Nā Noi Kūkulu ʻOihana:Nā ʻūpā paipu, nā kākoʻo, nā pale, a me nā ʻāpana kūkulu i loko o nā hale hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā hale hana petrochemical, a me nā hale ʻoihana.
Nā Hale Hana ʻAila a me ke Kinoea:Nā laina kahe, nā poʻomanaʻo, nā manifolds, a me nā paipu hoʻohui i nā hale hana hana a me nā kikowaena compressor.
EPC & Paipu Mea Hana:ʻO nā paipu hana a me nā pono hana i loko o nā hale hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā hale hana hana kinoea, nā hale kemika, a me nā hale hana mana.
9. Hoʻopili a me ka hoʻouna ʻana
Hoʻopili ʻia a hoʻouna ʻia nā paipu ERW me ke akahele loa e hōʻoia i ko lākou palekana i ka wā e lawe ʻia ai. Eia ka wehewehe ʻana o ke kaʻina hana hoʻopili a me ka hoʻouna ʻana:
Pūʻolo:
Uhi Palekana:Ma mua o ka hoʻopili ʻana, hiki ke uhi ʻia nā paipu me kahi papa lahilahi o ka ʻaila anti-rust a i ʻole ka varnish pale e pale aku i ka palaho o ka ʻili a me ka oxidation i ka wā e mālama ai a me ka lawe ʻana. Loaʻa pū ka hoʻopau ʻōlohelohe no ka hoʻopili koke ʻana i ka wahi i hele ʻia ai.
Hoʻopili ʻana:Hoʻopili pono ʻia nā paipu o nā ana like a me nā kikoʻī i loko o nā puʻupuʻu hexagonal a i ʻole rectangular. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaula kila (maʻamau he 3-5 mau kaula no kēlā me kēia puʻupuʻu) e pale ai i ka neʻe ʻana i loko o ka puʻupuʻu.
Nā Pale Hopena:Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pāpale hopena palaki (PE a i ʻole PP) ma nā wēlau ʻelua o kēlā me kēia paipu e pale i nā wēlau beveled, nā wēlau maʻemaʻe, a me nā pilina wili mai ka pōʻino o ka hopena, ke komo ʻana o nā ʻōpala, a me ka makū.
Ka Hoʻopili ʻana a me ka Cushioning:No nā kauoha hoʻokuʻu aku kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa e like me nā apo huʻa a i ʻole nā ʻāpana laholio ma waena o nā papa paipu e pale aku ai i ka ʻānai ʻana a me ka hōʻino ʻana o ka uhi ʻana i ka wā e lawelawe ai.
Nā Pahu Lāʻau a i ʻole nā Pahu:No nā paipu paia lahilahi, nā paipu kikoʻī, a i ʻole nā kauoha uhi kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā paipu i loko o nā pahu lāʻau paʻa a i ʻole nā pahu plywood e hāʻawi i ka palekana i hoʻonui ʻia mai nā mana o waho a me ka lawelawe ʻino.
Hoʻouna ʻana:
ʻAno o ka halihali:Hoʻouna ʻia nā paipu ma o nā moku ipu (20 kapuaʻi/40 kapuaʻi), nā mea lawe nui, a i ʻole ka ukana kaʻaahi ma muli o ka wahi e hele ai, ka nui, a me ka wikiwiki. Loaʻa ka ukana ea no nā hoʻouna laʻana a i ʻole nā hoʻouna manawa koʻikoʻi.
Hoʻokomo ʻana i loko o nā ipu:Nā kauoha liʻiliʻi a waena i hoʻouka ʻia i loko o nā pahu hoʻouna maʻamau, e pale ana i ka ukana mai ka wā, ka makū, a me nā mea haumia o waho i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana.
Hoʻouka ʻana i ka moku nui:ʻO nā kauoha nui (ma ke ʻano maʻamau >200 tons) i hoʻouka pololei ʻia i loko o nā mea lawe ukana nui. ʻO nā kaola hāpai a me nā kaola hohola e pale aku i ka hōʻino; e hoʻopaʻa i ka ukana mai ka neʻe ʻana o ke kai a hoʻopaʻa i ka ukana.
Ka Lepili & Palapala:Ua lepili maopopo ʻia kēlā me kēia pūʻolo me ka papa, ke kūlana, nā ana, ka helu wela, a me nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi lawelawe. ʻO nā palapala piha (bila kūʻai kalepa, papa inoa hoʻopili, bila ukana, Palapala Hoʻomaka, Palapala Hoʻāʻo Hale Wili) i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻalahi ʻana o nā dute.
Hoʻopaʻa Paʻa:Nā puʻupuʻu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke kaula kila, nā ʻeke dunnage, a i ʻole ke kākoʻo lāʻau e pale aku ai i ka neʻe ʻana, ka ʻōwili ʻana, a i ʻole ka hōʻino ʻia i ka wā e lawe ʻia ai.
Ka Hahai & ʻInikua:Hāʻawi ʻia nā helu hahai ipu no ka nānā ʻana i ka manawa maoli. Loaʻa ka ʻinikua ukana moana (All Risk a i ʻole Me ka Average) ma ke noi.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, hōʻoia ʻo Womic Steel ua hoʻopili ʻia nā paipu ERW Steel āpau me nā hana pale alakaʻi ʻoihana a hoʻouna ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano halihali hilinaʻi e hiki ai i ko lākou wahi i ke kūlana maikaʻi loa. He mea nui nā kaʻina hana hoʻopili a me ka hoʻouna kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i ka pono a me ka maikaʻi o nā huahana i hāʻawi ʻia.
10. Nā Pōmaikaʻi a me nā FAQ o Womic Steel
No ke aha e hui pū ai me Womic Steel?
Hale Kūʻai Hoʻokahi:ʻO ka laulā piha mai nā paipu API 5L ERW a hiki i nā mea hoʻopili paipu OEM e kūlike ana (Elbows, Tees, Reducers, Flanges, Caps) ma nā papa mea kūpono, me ke kila kalapona, ke kila alloy, a me ke kila kila.
Hoʻokō ʻenehana:Nā Palapala Hōʻoia Hoʻāʻo Wili Piha (EN 10204 ʻAno 2.2, 3.1, a i ʻole 3.2) i hāʻawi ʻia me kēlā me kēia ukana, e hōʻike kikoʻī ana i ka haku mele kemika pololei, nā hopena hoʻāʻo mīkini, a me nā hōʻike hoʻokolokolo ʻaʻole luku.
Nā lawelawe waiwai i hoʻohui ʻia:Loaʻa ka beveling hopena (30°-35°), ke kaula ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana, ke kau ʻana i nā pāpale plastik, a me ka uhi anti-corrosion (FBE, 3LPE, 3LPP, Epoxy, Galvanizing) i loko o ka hale a i ʻole ma o nā hale hana hoa kūpono.
Hoʻokūkū Logistics:ʻO ka hui pū ʻana me nā mea hoʻouna ukana honua e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā ipu i hoʻonui ʻia (e hoʻonui ana i ka nui no kēlā me kēia ipu) a me ka hoʻouna ʻana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa me ke kumukūʻai kūpono me nā manawa transit hilinaʻi.
Waihona a me ka Loaʻa:ʻO ka waihona nui o nā nui API 5L X52 maʻamau (2"-24" OD, Papa Kuhikuhi 10-80) e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i nā manawa alakaʻi pōkole a me ka pane wikiwiki i nā koi papahana wikiwiki. Hana ʻia nā nui maʻamau ma ke noi me ka manawa alakaʻi maʻamau o 30-45 mau lā.
Ka Mana Hana ʻAwaʻawa:Ka hiki piha e hoʻolako i nā paipu PSL2 me ka hoʻāʻo HIC a me SSC e like me nā kūlana NACE no nā noi kinoea ʻawaʻawa. Paʻakikī i kāohi ʻia i ≤ 248 HV10 / ≤ 22 HRC.
E koho iā Womic Steel Group ma ke ʻano he hoa hilinaʻi no nā Paipu Kila API 5L X52 ERW kiʻekiʻe a me ka hana hoʻouna lanakila ʻole. Welina mai e nīnau!
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Nā Nīnau i Nīnau Pinepine ʻia (FAQ)
Q: He aha ka manaʻo o C250L0 ma AS/NZS 1163?
A: "C" = Hoʻokumu anu ʻia, "250" = ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi loa he 250 MPa, "L" = nā waiwai hopena i hōʻoia ʻia, "0" = hoʻāʻo hopena mahana haʻahaʻa ma 0°C. ʻO ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi loa o C250L0 he 250 MPa a me ka ikehu hopena Charpy i hōʻoia ʻia he 27J ma 0°C.
He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o C250 a me C250L0?
A: ʻAʻohe koi hoʻāʻo hopena koi ʻia ʻo C250, kūpono no ke kūkulu ʻana maʻamau i nā aniau kaulike. Pono ʻo C250L0 i ka hoʻāʻo hopena Charpy ma 0°C (ʻawelike 27J, 20J pākahi), e kūpono ai no nā noi aniau anuanu a me nā papahana e koi ana i ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hōʻoia ʻia.
Q: I ka manawa hea e pono ai ka hoʻāʻo hopena no C250L0?
A: E like me AS/NZS 1163, he mea koi ʻia ka hoʻāʻo hopena no ka mānoanoa o ka paia ≥ 6mm. No ka mānoanoa o ka paia ma lalo o 6mm, ʻaʻole koi ʻia ka hoʻāʻo hopena akā hōʻike mau ka hōʻailona L0 ua hana ʻia ka mea e hoʻokō i nā koi paʻakikī haʻahaʻa.
Q: He aha nā ʻano i loaʻa no AS/NZS 1163 C250L0?
A: Poepoe (Nā ʻĀpana Hollow Pōʻai - CHS), huinahā (Nā ʻĀpana Hollow Huinahā - SHS), a me ka huinahā (Nā ʻĀpana Hollow Huinahā - RHS). Loaʻa nā kinona ʻekolu ma ka papa C250L0.
Q: He kūpono anei ʻo C250L0 no nā hale waho i nā ʻāina anuanu?
A: ʻAe. Ua hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia ʻo C250L0 me ka paʻakikī hopena 0°C i hōʻoia ʻia no nā hale waho i nā aniau anuanu, e like me nā alahaka, nā kiʻi hale, nā scaffolding, a me nā papahana ʻoihana ma nā wahi kahi e hāʻule ai ka mahana i ka hau.
Q: Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻo C250L0?
A: ʻAe. Hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ma muli o ke kalapona haʻahaʻa like (CE max 0.35%). ʻAʻole pono ka hoʻomehana mua ʻana no nā mānoanoa o ka paia maʻamau. E hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻopau ER70S-6 (MIG) a i ʻole E6013/E7018 (SMAW). Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā waiwai hopena o ka ʻāpana hoʻopili no nā noi wela haʻahaʻa koʻikoʻi.
Q: He aha ka lōʻihi loa i loaʻa no nā paipu C250L0?
A: Nā lōʻihi maʻamau: 6m a me 12m. ʻO nā lōʻihi maʻamau a hiki i 18m no nā nui poepoe ma lalo o 168mm. ʻO nā ʻāpana huinahā a me nā ʻāpana huinahā i kaupalena ʻia i 12m.
Q: He aha nā ʻano hoʻopau ʻili i loaʻa?
A: ʻŌlohelohe (e like me ka wili ʻia me ka unahi wili), ʻaila ʻia (anti-rust māmā), hoʻomākaukau mua ʻia (primer hale kūʻai), galvanized i hoʻoluʻu wela ʻia (uhi zinc). No nā noi anuanu o waho, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka hoʻopau galvanized a i ʻole primed no ka pale ʻana i ka pala.
Q: Hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i ka nānā ʻana o nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu no nā paipu AS/NZS 1163 C250L0?
A: ʻAe. Loaʻa nā nānā ʻana e SGS, BV, TÜV, ABS, DNV, LR. Hāʻawi ʻia nā palapala hōʻoia 3.2 ma ke noi. Hiki ke ʻike maka ʻia ka hoʻāʻo hopena e nā mea nānā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu.
Q: He aha ka manawa alakaʻi maʻamau no nā paipu AS/NZS 1163 C250L0 ERW?
A: Nā nui waihona: 15-25 mau lā. Nā nui maʻamau: 30-40 mau lā. Hoʻohui ka galvanizing i 10-15 mau lā. ʻO ka papa L0 me ka hoʻāʻo hopena ka mea maʻamau no C250L0, ʻaʻohe manawa hou e pono ai no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.
Q: He aha nā palapala āu e hāʻawi ai no nā hoʻouna paipu C250L0?
A: Palapala Hoʻāʻo Wili (EN 10204 ʻAno 3.1 a i ʻole 3.2), hōʻike hoʻāʻo hopena (0°C), hōʻike hoʻāʻo tensile, hōʻike ana, papa inoa hoʻopaʻa, invoice, palapala hoʻoili ukana.
Q: He kūpono anei ʻo C250L0 no nā wahi seismic i nā aniau anuanu?
A: ʻAe. Hāʻawi ʻo C250L0 me ka paʻakikī hopena i hōʻoia ʻia ma 0°C i ka ductility maikaʻi loa a me ka omo ikehu, e kūpono ai no nā noi seismic ma nā wahi anuanu. Hōʻoia ka hoʻāʻo hopena Charpy V-notch i ka paʻakikī haki ma lalo o nā kūlana ukana dynamic ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa.
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