Mea Kumu (Kila Kākoʻo - nā koho he nui):
●API 5L X52 / X60 / X65- paipu laina ikaika kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻoili ʻaila a me ke kinoea / waikawa
●SA-106 Gr.B- kila kalapona wela kiʻekiʻe
●SA-210 Gr.C- ka papa paipu paila
●ASTM A333 Gr.6- kila kalapona haʻahaʻa wela
●ASTM A335 P11 / P22– ʻO ke kinikini Cr-Mo no ka mahana kiʻekiʻe (hoʻohana palena ʻia me 904L)
Ka uhi ʻana (liner CRA):904L (UNS N08904 / 1.4539) – kila kila austenitic kiʻekiʻe me 23-28% Ni, 19-23% Cr, 4-5% Mo, 1-2% Cu. PREN ≈ 34. Kū'ē maikaʻi loa i ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā waikawa (sulfuric, phosphoric, formic), kū'ē maikaʻi i ka pitting chloride, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o 316L i ka lawelawe waikawa.
Ka laulā nui:OD 60 – 1219 mm (paipu i uhi ʻia me ka wili - ʻōwili wela + JCOE). OD 25 – 168 mm (extrusion humuhumu ʻole). Mānoanoa o ka paia kumu 4 – 40 mm. Mānoanoa o ka uhi ʻana he 2.0 – 4.0 mm (3.0 mm i ʻōlelo ʻia no ka lawelawe waikawa). ʻO ka lōʻihi hoʻokahi a hiki i 15 m (humuhumu ʻole) a i ʻole 24 m (humuhumu ʻia).
Kaʻina Hana:Hoʻopaʻa ʻōwili wela + hoʻokumu ʻana o JCOE (welded) a i ʻole extrusion wela (seamless). ʻO ka ikaika shear bond metallurgical ≥200 MPa (welded) a i ʻole ≥300 MPa (seamless). Nānā hoʻopaʻa UT 100%, hoʻāʻo hydrostatic, hoʻāʻo tensile, flattening, PMI koho a me ka hoʻāʻo corrosion intergranular.
Nā Kūlana:API 5LD (no ka paipu laina i uhi ʻia), ASME Section VIII Div.1, EN 10216-5 (no 904L seamless), ASTM A240 (papa 904L). NACE MR0175: ʻAe ʻia ka 904L no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa ma lalo o nā kūlana palena loa (H₂S haʻahaʻa, chlorides haʻahaʻa, mahana haʻahaʻa) - ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo nui ʻia.
Nā noi:Nā paipu hale hana waikawa sulfuric, nā hale hana hoʻomomona waikawa phosphoric, nā mahiʻai pahu kemika, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoluʻu wai kai (chloride kiʻekiʻe), nā mea holoi hoʻoheheʻe kinoea flue (FGD), ka hoʻoili kemika maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka lawelawe waikawa acetic / formic, ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka meaʻai (maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe).
Womic Steelhana i ka paipu i uhi ʻia me ka laina 904L no nā noi lawelawe waikawa koi loa. Hoʻohui mākou i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka corrosion o 904L me ka ikaika mechanical o ke kākoʻo kila kalapona/alloy, e mālama ana i ka 40 60% vs paipu paʻa 904L. Loaʻa nā ana maʻamau, ka nānā ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao ʻekolu, EN 10204 Type 3.2. E kāhea iā mākou no nā hoʻonā paipu i uhi ʻia me ka alloy kiʻekiʻe.
1. No ke aha i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka paipu 904L Clad? Ke lawa ʻole ka 316L
ʻO 904L (UNS N08904 / 1.4539) he kila kila austenitic kiʻekiʻe i hoʻomohala kūikawā ʻia no nā noi kahi i hāʻule ai ʻo 316L ma muli o ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻa ʻole a i ʻole ka lua ʻana.
Nā mea ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi vs 316L:
| Waiwai | 316L | 904L | Pōmaikaʻi |
| Nikala (%) | 10-14 | 23-28 | Hoʻomaikaʻi ka Ni kiʻekiʻe i ke kūpaʻa ʻakika |
| Molibdenum (%) | 2-3 | 4-5 | Hoʻomaikaʻi ka Mo kiʻekiʻe i ka pitting |
| Keleawe (%) | — | 1-2 | ʻO Cu koʻikoʻi no ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka waikawa sulfuric |
| PREN | 24-26 | 34 | 904L ʻoi aku ka pale ʻana i ka lua |
| Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka waikawa sulfuric | ʻAʻole maikaʻi ma lalo o 10% a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o 80% | Maikaʻi loa 0-80% ma ka mahana waena | ʻO 904L ke kūlana maʻamau no ka lawelawe H₂SO₄ |
ʻO nā waikawa maʻamau kahi e ʻoi aku ai ka 904L:
● ʻAkika sulfuric (H₂SO₄) – 0-80% ka nui, a hiki i ka 50 60°C
● ʻakika phosphoric (H₃PO₄) - nā ʻano like ʻole
● ʻAkika formic (HCOOH) a me ka waikawa acetic (CH₃COOH)
● Waikawa hydrochloric hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (HCl) - i kaupalena ʻia
● Nā waikawa i hui pū ʻia (e laʻa, H₂SO₄ + chlorides)
No ke aha i ʻaʻahu ʻia ai?He pipiʻi loa ka paipu paʻa 904L (2 3 × ke kumukūʻai o 316L, 5 6 × ke kumukūʻai o ke kila kalapona). Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi papa lahilahi (2 4 mm) 904L i loko i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi paipu waho kila kalapona, loaʻa iā ʻoe ke kūpaʻa like i ka pala ma40 60% haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai meaHāʻawi ke kumu kila kalapona i ka ikaika mechanical ma kahi hapa iki o ke kumukūʻai metala.
Nā ʻoihana maʻamau:Ka hana ʻana a me ka halihali ʻana o ka waikawa sulfuric, nā mea kanu mea hoʻoulu phosphate, nā laina pickling metala, nā tankers kemika, nā mea hoʻololi wela wai kai (chloride kiʻekiʻe, mahana waena).
2. Nā Kikoʻī Mea Hana - 904L Cladding & Backing Steel Options
2.1 Ka Hoʻohui Kemika o ka Pale ʻana o 904L (% ma ke kaumaha)
| ʻElemene | UNS N08904 (904L) |
| Kalapona (C) | ≤0.020 |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤2.00 |
| Silika (Si) | ≤1.00 |
| ʻO ka phosphorus (P) | ≤0.040 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤0.030 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 19.0 – 23.0 |
| Nikala (Ni) | 23.0 – 28.0 |
| Molibdenum (Mo) | 4.0 – 5.0 |
| Keleawe (Cu) | 1.0 – 2.0 |
| Hao (Fe) | Kaulike |
He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻohui keleawe no ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka waikawa sulfuric. Me ka ʻole o Cu, hoʻouka koke ʻia ʻo 316L i ka H₂SO₄ mehana.
2.2 Nā Waiwai Mekanika (Mahana o ka Lumi)
| Waiwai | ʻUhi 904L | Kākoʻo kila kalapona maʻamau |
| Ikaika Hāʻawi (min, MPa) | 220 | 240 450 (e pili ana i ka papa) |
| Ikaika Tensile (min, MPa) | 490 | 415 535 |
| Hoʻolōʻihi (min, %) | 35 | 18 25 |
| Paʻakikī (max) | 200 HB | E like me ka papa |
2.3 Ke Kū'ē ʻana i ka ʻAʻai ʻana o 904L - ʻIkepili Koʻikoʻi
| ʻakika | Ka noʻonoʻo ʻana | Mahana | Ka helu o ka palaho (mm/makahiki) |
| Sulfuric (H₂SO₄) | 10-50% | 50°C | <0.1 (maikaʻi loa) |
| Sulfuric (H₂SO₄) | 70-80% | 30°C | <0.1 |
| Phosphoric (H₃PO₄) | 30-85% | 80°C | <0.1 |
| ʻAkika formic | Kekahi | 100°C | <0.1 |
| ʻAkika ʻakika | Kekahi | 100°C | <0.1 |
| Wai kai | 3.5% Cl- | 30°C | Maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa lua (PREN 34) |
Nā Palena:ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo 904L no ka waikawa sulfuric i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka wela (>80°C) (>90%) a i ʻole no ka lawelawe waikawa hydrochloric wela kiʻekiʻe. No kēlā mau mea, e noʻonoʻo i nā mea hoʻohuihui nickel (Alloy C-276).
2.4 Nā Koho Kila Kākoʻo no ka Paipu ʻUhi ʻia 904L
| Ke kila kākoʻo | Kūlana Maʻamau | Ikaika | Ka Noi Nui no ka 904L Clad |
| API 5L X52 / X60 / X65 | API 5L PSL2 | 360 450 MPa ka hua | Nā paipu waikawa mamao loa |
| SA-106 Gr.B | ASTM A106 | 240 MPa ka hua | Nā paipu hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā hale hana kemika |
| SA-210 Gr.C | ASME SA-210 | 245 MPa ka hua | Nā paipu paila lawelawe waikawa / mea hoʻololi wela |
| ASTM A333 Gr.6 | ASTM A333 | 240 MPa ka hua | Nā paipu waikawa mahana haʻahaʻa (-45°C) |
| ASTM A335 P11 / P22 | ASTM A335 | 205 275 MPa ka hua | Mahana kiʻekiʻe (>450°C?) Nānā: 904L i kaupalena ʻia i ~350°C i loko o ka waikawa |
Hoʻomaopopo no ka mahana kiʻekiʻe:ʻAʻole kūpono ʻo 904L ponoʻī no nā mahana metala ma luna o 350-400°C i ka lawelawe ʻino. Hiki i ke kila hope ke kū i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, akā e kaupalena ka uhi ʻana i ka mahana lawelawe holoʻokoʻa. No ka lawelawe waikawa wela kiʻekiʻe (>400°C), e noʻonoʻo i ka Alloy 825 a i ʻole Alloy 28 cladding.
2.5 Pae Ana
| ʻAno Hana Hana | Ka laulā OD (mm) | Kumu WT (mm) | Ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka uhi ʻana (mm) | Ka lōʻihi loa (m) |
| Hoʻopaʻa ʻia (ʻōwili wela + JCOE) | 219 – 1219 | 6 – 40 | 2.0 – 4.0 | 24 |
| ʻAʻohe pono (extrusion) | 25 – 168 | 4 – 15 | 2.0 – 3.5 | 15 |
ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka uhi ʻana i manaʻo ʻia no ka lawelawe waikawa:ʻO ka palena iki he 3.0 mm. No nā kūlana ʻino loa (e laʻa, ka waikawa sulfuric wela me ka wikiwiki o ke kahe ʻana), ke paipai nei mākou i 4.0 mm.
3. Kaʻina Hana Hana - Hoʻopaʻa ʻōwili wela + JCOE (Welded, OD ≥219 mm)
No nā paipu waikawa nui ke anawaena, ʻo kēia ke ala nui:
| Kaʻanuʻu | Wehewehena |
| Hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka pā | Ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka papa 904L (CRA) a me ka papa kila kalapona (ke kākoʻo), hoʻopili ʻia (904L ma ka ʻaoʻao o loko), a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka mīkini hakahaka e hoʻopau i ka oxygen. |
| Hoʻopaʻa ʻōwili wela | Hoʻomehana ʻia ka puʻu i 1100-1180°C a ʻōwili ʻia ma ka lakio hōʻemi kiʻekiʻe (≥5:1). Hoʻopili ʻia nā papa me ka metallurgical. |
| Papa NDT | 100% hoʻāʻo ultrasonic o ka interface hoʻopaʻa papa i uhi ʻia. |
| Hoʻokumu ʻana o JCOE | Ua wili ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o ka papa i uhi ʻia, a laila hana ʻia i loko o kahi paipu hāmama me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mīkini paʻi JCO. Lilo ʻo 904L i ka ʻili o loko. |
| Kuʻihao humuhumu lōʻihi | ʻElua mau ala: ala o loko me ka mea hoʻopihapiha 904L (a i ʻole Alloy 625), nā ala o waho me ka mea hoʻopihapiha kila kalapona. |
| Ka uhi ʻana o ka wili (koho) | Hiki ke uhi ʻia ke humuhumu hoʻoheheʻe o loko me 904L a i ʻole Alloy 625 no ka uhi piha ʻana i ka pala. |
| Ka mālama wela | Hoʻomaha i ke kaumaha (inā pono). ʻAʻole pono ka 904L i ka mālama wela ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana. |
| NDT a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana | No ka Māhele 4. |
| Hoʻopaʻakai a me ka passivation | No ka ʻili o loko 904L, e hōʻoia i ka papa passive. |
| Nānā hope loa a me ka hoʻouna ʻana | Bevel, pāpale, ʻūlū. |
No ka humuhumu ʻole (ke anawaena liʻiliʻi, OD ≤168 mm):Hoʻolei centrifugal + extrusion wela (like me nā ʻatikala paipu i uhi ʻia ma mua). Hoʻopau ka Seamless i ka weld longitudinal, makemake ʻia no nā mea hoʻololi wela U bend a me nā laina maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe.
4. Nānā & Hoʻāʻo - Paipu ʻUhi ʻia 904L
ʻOiai he metala kiʻekiʻe ʻo 904L, mālama nui mākou i ka haku mele ʻana o ke kapa komo a me ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka pala.
| Hoʻāʻo | Kūlana / ʻAno Hana | Ka laulā | ʻAe ʻia |
| PMI (XRF) o ka uhi ʻana o 904L | Ka ʻIke Mea Maikaʻi | ʻO kēlā me kēia paipu (a i ʻole kēlā me kēia pā) | E hōʻoia iā Cu, Mo, Ni, Cr i loko o nā kikoʻī |
| Bond UT | Nalu ʻokiʻoki | 100% o ka pilina i uhi ʻia | ʻAʻohe hemo >50mm; huina <2% |
| UT lōʻihi | ASTM E213 / ISO 10893 10 | 100% o ka paipu | ʻAʻohe leo hōʻole ʻia |
| Hoʻāʻo hydrostatic | 1.5× kaomi hoʻolālā | Kēlā me kēia paipu | ʻAʻohe leakage |
| Tensile (kila kākoʻo) | No kēlā me kēia API 5L / A106 / etc. | No kēlā me kēia wela | E hoʻokō i nā kikoʻī papa |
| ʻO ke kuʻi (ʻokiʻoki paʻa) | Pahi i waho a i ʻole ke apo ʻoki | No kēlā me kēia pūʻulu | ≥200 MPa (i hoʻopaʻa ʻia) |
| Paʻakikī (904L cladding) | HV10 | Pūʻulu | ≤200 HV |
| Ka palaho intergranular | ASTM A262 Hoʻomaʻamaʻa E (ma 904L) | No kēlā me kēia pūʻulu (koho) | ʻAʻohe hoʻouka kaua intergranular |
| Hoʻāʻo hoʻopālahalaha | ASME SA 450 | No kēlā me kēia pūʻulu | ʻAʻohe māwae |
Nā Palapala Hōʻoia:EN 10204 ʻAno 3.1 (maʻamau). Loaʻa ke ʻano 3.2 me ka mea hōʻike ʻaoʻao ʻekolu (SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV) ma ke noi.
Nā hoʻokolohua keu ma ke noi (uku ʻia):
● Ka hiki ke hoʻokahe (ASTM G5)
● Hoʻāʻo keleawe sulfate - waikawa sulfuric no 904L (e pili ana i ka lawelawe H₂SO₄)
5. Nā noi - Ma hea ka paipu 904L Clad ke koho kūpono
5.1 Paipu Mea Hana ʻAkika Sulfuric
Paʻakikī:He mea ʻino loa ka waikawa sulfuric wela (60-80%, 50-80°C) i ke kila kalapona a me 316L hoʻi. ʻO 904L ka mea maʻamau no ka alkylation waikawa sulfuric, nā hale kiaʻi hoʻomaloʻo, a me nā paipu hoʻohui no nā makahiki he ʻumi.
Hoʻonā:Paipu i uhi ʻia me ke kila kalapona 904L me ke kākoʻo kila kalapona (SA-106 Gr.B a i ʻole API 5L X52). Mālama ka papa o loko 904L i ka waikawa; hāʻawi ke kila kalapona i ka ikaika o ke kaomi a hoʻemi i ke kumukūʻai.
Laʻana:24″ OD × 12.7 mm core WT × 3.0 mm 904L cladding, 12 m ka lōʻihi. Hoʻohana ʻia i loko o kahi ʻāpana hoʻōla sulfur Hikina Waena.
5.2 Nā Mea kanu Mea hoʻomomona ʻakika Phosphoric
Paʻakikī:Loaʻa i ka waikawa phosphoric (30-50%, 50-90°C) nā chloride, fluorides, a me nā mea paʻa. ʻAiʻai ʻia nā lua a me nā māwae 316L. Hāʻawi ka 904L i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa.
Hoʻonā:Paipu i uhi ʻia i ka 904L me ke kākoʻo SA-106 Gr.B. He mea maikaʻi loa ke keleawe i loko o 904L i ka waikawa phosphoric.
5.3 Hoʻomaʻalili / Hoʻopau ʻana i ka wai kai (Kloride kiʻekiʻe)
Paʻakikī:Hiki i ka 316L ke ʻeha i ka pala o ka crevice i loko o ka wai kai kūpaʻa ma nā mahana ma luna o 30-40°C. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka PREN o 904L (34) a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka pitting.
Hoʻonā:Paipu i uhi ʻia me 904L me ke kākoʻo API 5L X65 no nā laina hoʻokomo wai kai kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia ma nā kahua kai no nā ʻōnaehana wai ahi a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻalili.
5.4 Ka Mālama ʻana a me ka Hoʻoili ʻana o ka Pahu Kemika
Paʻakikī:Pono nā pahu mālama no ka waikawa acetic, ka waikawa formic, a i ʻole nā waikawa organik i hui ʻia i ka metala paʻa pipiʻi loa a i ʻole ke kila kalapona i uhi ʻia i ka laholio. Hiki ke hāʻule ka uhi laholio.
Hoʻonā:Hāʻawi ka paipu i uhi ʻia me 904L i kahi pale pala mau loa, ʻaʻohe mālama. No nā paipu mahiʻai pahu, kūpono ka paipu i uhi ʻia me ka wili ʻia.
5.5 Nā Mea Hoʻoheheʻe Kinoea Flue Desulfurization (FGD)
Paʻakikī:Hoʻohana nā ʻōnaehana FGD i nā slurries gypsum me ka pH haʻahaʻa a me nā chlorides. Hoʻohana ka nui o nā hale kiaʻi absorber FGD a me nā ducts outlet i nā alloys 904L a ʻoi aku paha.
Hoʻonā:Paipu i uhi ʻia me 904L no nā laina hoʻopuehu slurry. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kākoʻo ʻana he A106 Gr.B a i ʻole A333 Gr.6 (inā anu).
6. No ke aha e koho ai i ke kila Womic no ka paipu ʻaʻahu 904L?
| Ikaika | Nā kikoʻī |
| ʻIke me nā metala kiʻekiʻe | Ua hana mākou i ka paipu ʻaʻahu 904L no nā papahana hale hana waikawa he nui ma Kina, Hikina Waena, a me Asia Hikina Hema. |
| Hoʻopaʻa metallurgical maoli | ʻAʻohe pilikia o ka hiolo ʻana o ka liner - ua hoʻopaʻa mau ʻia ʻo 904L i ke kila kākoʻo. |
| Ka laulā ākea | ʻO ke anawaena liʻiliʻi ʻole (extrusion) a hiki i ke anawaena nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (1219 mm). |
| Ka hiki ke hahai piha ʻia | Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia helu wela o ka pā 904L a hoʻopili ʻia i ka paipu hope loa. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka PMI ma nā wahi he nui. |
| Nānā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu | Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV ma o ka hana ʻana. Loaʻa ka EN 10204 ʻAno 3.2. |
| Mālama kālā | 40 60% emi ke kumu kūʻai ma mua o ka paipu paʻa 904L o ka helu kaomi like. |
7. Ka hoʻopili ʻana, ka hoʻouna ʻana a me ka manawa alakaʻi
●Kūlana:ʻO ka ʻili o loko 904L i hoʻopaʻakai ʻia a hoʻohemo ʻia; hiki ke ʻaila ʻia a hoʻomākaukau ʻia paha ke kila kalapona o waho.
● Palekana hopena:Nā pāpale palaki (nā pāpale kila no nā anawaena nui).
●Hoʻopili ʻana:No nā anawaena liʻiliʻi (<20″) - nā pūʻolo me nā mea hoʻokaʻawale. No nā anawaena nui - nā moena pākahi.
●Ka manawa alakaʻi (kauoha mua):14-18 pule (904L plate sourcing and rolling). Nā kauoha hou: 10-12 pule.
●MOQ:ʻAʻohe MOQ koʻikoʻi; ʻae ʻia nā kauoha hoʻāʻo (e laʻa, 100-200 mika). ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai no nā nui liʻiliʻi.
8. Nā Nīnau i Nīnau Pinepine ʻia (FAQ) - Paipu ʻUhi ʻia 904L
Q1: Āhea wau e koho ai iā 904L ma mua o 316L no ka paipu i uhi ʻia?
A: E koho i ka 904L i ka wā e pili ana ka lawelawewaikawa sulfuric, waikawa phosphoric, waikawa formic/acetic, a i ʻole ke hōʻike ʻo 316L i ka pitting a i ʻole ka pala maʻamau i kou wahi. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o 904L no ka wai kai mahana (nā chloride kiʻekiʻe). Inā he waikawa iki wale nō ka wai me ka ʻole o nā chloride, ua lawa paha ka 316L.
Q2: He aha ka mahana kiʻekiʻe loa no 904L?
A: I ka lawelawe ʻinoʻino, ua kaupalena ʻia ʻo 904L i350-400°CMa luna o kēlā, hiki i ka mea ke hoʻonui a nalowale paha ke kūpaʻa i ka pala. No ka lawelawe waikawa wela kiʻekiʻe (>400°C), e noʻonoʻo i ka Alloy 825 a i ʻole 625.
Q3: Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka 904L no ka lawelawe kinoea ʻawaʻawa (H₂S)?
A: ʻAe ʻo NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 i ka 904L no ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa wale nō ma nā kūlana akahai loa: haʻahaʻa ka kaomi hapa H₂S, haʻahaʻa nā chloride, pH >3.5, mahana <60°C. No ke kinoea pulu ʻawaʻawa maʻamau, makemake ʻia ʻo Incoloy 825.
Q4: He aha ka metala hoʻopihapiha e hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka paipu 904L?
A: No ke ala komo i loko (904L a i 904L), e hoʻohanaAlloy 625 (ERNiCrMo-3)a i ʻoleMea hoʻopiha 904L (ER385)ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka Alloy 625 a hāʻawi i ka palekana kiʻekiʻe. Mai hoʻohana i ka mea hoʻopihapiha 316L.
Q5: Loaʻa anei ka paipu i uhi ʻia me 904L i nā anawaena liʻiliʻi (e laʻa, 2″) no ka hana ʻana i nā mea kani?
ʻAe, ma o kā mākou kaʻina hana extrusion seamless. ʻO ka palena iki o OD ma kahi o 25 mm (1″). ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka uhi ʻana he 2.0 2.5 mm.
Q6: Pehea e hoʻohālikelike ai ʻo 904L me Alloy 28 (UNS N08028)?
A: He mau austenitics alloy kiʻekiʻe nā mea ʻelua me ka PREN like (34 vs 38). ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka Cr a me Ni o ka Alloy 28, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka chloride kiʻekiʻe + ka pitting wela kiʻekiʻe. No ka waikawa sulfuric, maikaʻi loa nā mea ʻelua. ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai o ka Alloy 28. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o 904L ma nā hale hana waikawa ʻAmelika ʻĀkau; ʻO Alloy 28 ma nā kikoʻī ʻEulopa.
Q7: Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolako i ka paipu i uhi ʻia i ka 904L me ke kākoʻo A333 Gr.6 no ka lawelawe mahana haʻahaʻa?
A: ʻAe. Noho ductile ʻo 904L i ka mahana haʻahaʻa; ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka hopena o ke kākoʻo A333 Gr.6 ma -45°C. He kūpono ka hui pū ʻana no nā paipu waikawa arctic (kākaʻikahi akā hiki).
Q8: Ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo nei ʻoe ʻaʻohe hoʻoheheʻe ʻia o ka uhi ʻana e ke kila kalapona?
A: ʻAe. ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻopili ʻōwili wela vacuum e pale aku i ka oxidation a hoʻemi i ka diffusion. Hana mākou i ka PMI ma ka ʻili cladding e hōʻoia i ka haku mele ʻana. ʻO ka ʻāpana dilution he mau microns wale nō ka mānoanoa a ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia i ka wai.
Q9: He aha ka ikaika hua maʻamau o ka uhi ʻana o 904L?
A: Loaʻa i ka 904L ka ikaika hua ma kahi o 220 MPa (32 ksi) i ke kūlana annealed. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kēia ma mua o ke kākoʻo kila kalapona akā he liʻiliʻi ka mānoanoa o ka cladding; lawe ke kumu kila kalapona i ke kaumaha hoop. No ka hoʻolālā kaomi, hoʻohana mākou i ka mānoanoa o ka paia kila kākoʻo wale nō; ua manaʻo ʻia ka cladding he ʻae ʻia ka pala.
Q10: Ke hāʻawi nei ʻoe i nā wēlau beveled me ka pata 904L?
A: ʻAe. Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomākaukau i nā bevels (30-35°, 1.6 mm land) a hoʻopili i kahi uhi weld (buttering) o Alloy 625 a i ʻole 904L filler ma ka ʻaoʻao bevel. Pale kēia i ka dilution o ka 904L cladding i ka wā o ka welding field girth.
Q11: Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolako i nā paipu U-bend i uhi ʻia i ka mea hoʻololi wela 904L?
A: ʻAe, no ka paipu ʻaʻahu seamless (OD ≤168 mm). Hoʻopololei anu mākou, hoʻomaha i ke kaumaha, a me 100% NDT (PT a i ʻole ET) i ka wahi hoʻopololei. He mea maʻamau nā U-bends no nā lawelawe waikawa i nā hale hana kemika.
Q12: Pehea e kauoha ai au i kahi nui hoʻāʻo liʻiliʻi?
A: E hāʻawi mai i ka OD, ka WT o ke kumu, ka mānoanoa o ka uhi ʻana, ka lōʻihi (m), a me ke kūlana kila kākoʻo. E hāʻawi mākou i kahi ʻōlelo no kahi pūʻulu hoʻāʻo (e laʻa, 50 100 mika). E manaʻo i kahi kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe no nā nui liʻiliʻi.
9. Papa Inoa Kauoha no ka Paipu ʻUhi ʻia 904L
No ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka pololei o nā kikoʻī, e ʻoluʻolu e hāʻawi mai:
●Papa kila kākoʻo(API 5L X52/60/65, SA-106 Gr.B, SA-210 Gr.C, A333 Gr.6, a i ʻole A335 P11/P22)
● Ke anawaena o waho (OD)a meka mānoanoa o ka paia kumu
● Mānoanoa o ka uhi ʻana he 904L(manaʻo ʻia he 3.0 mm no ka lawelawe ʻakika)
● Ka lōʻihi no kēlā me kēia ʻāpanaa meka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa (mika)
● Ke ʻano hana(i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no OD ≥219 mm; humuhumu ʻole no OD ≤168 mm)
● Kūlana kūpono(API 5LD, ASME, EN, a i ʻole nā kikoʻī o ka mea kūʻai aku)
● Pae nānā(ʻAno 3.1 maʻamau; ʻAno 3.2 me ka ʻaoʻao ʻekolu)
● Hoʻopau i ka hoʻopau ʻana(Pania, beveled, beveled + 904L buttering)
● Ka manawa hoʻouna(FOB awa Kina, awa hoʻouna CIF)
E pane mai ʻo Womic Steel me kahi pepa ʻikepili loea, kahi ʻōlelo kūʻai pāʻoihana, a me ka hoʻolālā maikaʻi.
10. Kāhea iā Womic Steel - Luna Hoʻomalu Paipu Clad Alloy Kiʻekiʻe
Inā ʻoe e ʻimi nei i kahiPaipu i uhi ʻia me ka laina 316Lme kekahi kākoʻo kalapona a kila kila paha maʻamau, e kelepona mai iā mākou no kahi kūkākūkā loea manuahi a me ka ʻōlelo kūʻai ʻole.
Pūnaewele: www.womicsteel.com
Leka uila: sales@womicsteel.com
Kelepona / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Lanakila: +86 15575100681
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Womic Steel - Nā hoʻonā paipu i hoʻopili ʻia me 316L no ka lawelawe CO₂, ka paila, ka mea hoʻololi wela, ka mahana haʻahaʻa, a me nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe.
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