Hōʻike huahana
ʻO nā paipu kila kila, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo nā paipu helical submerged arc-welded (HSAW), he ʻano o ka paipu kila i ʻike ʻia e kā lākou hana hana ʻokoʻa a me nā waiwai hoʻolālā.Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau paipu i nā ʻoihana like ʻole ma muli o ko lākou ikaika, lōʻihi, a me ka hiki ke hoʻololi.Eia ka wehewehe kikoʻī o nā paipu kila spiral.
Kaʻina hana:Hoʻopuka ʻia nā paipu kila spiral ma o kahi kaʻina kūʻokoʻa e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi wili o ke kaula kila.Wehe ʻia ka ʻili a hana ʻia i ke ʻano spiral, a laila wili ʻia me ka ʻenehana submerged arc welding (SAW).ʻO kēia kaʻina hana i ka hoʻomau, helical seam ma ka lōʻihi o ka paipu.
Hoʻolālā Hana:Hāʻawi ka helical seam o nā paipu kila spiral i ka ikaika maoli, e kūpono iā lākou no ke kū ʻana i nā haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me nā pilikia.Mālama kēia hoʻolālā i ka hāʻawi like ʻana o ke koʻikoʻi a hoʻonui i ka hiki o ka paipu ke pale aku i ka piko a me ka deformation.
Lahi:Hiki mai nā paipu kila spiral ma kahi ākea o nā anawaena (a hiki i 120 Inch) a me nā mānoanoa, e ʻae ai i ka maʻalahi i nā noi like ʻole.Loaʻa iā lākou ma nā anawaena nui aʻe i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano paipu ʻē aʻe.
Nā noi:Hoʻohana ʻia nā paipu kila spiral i nā ʻoihana like ʻole e like me ka aila a me ke kinoea, ka lako wai, ke kūkulu ʻana, ka mahiʻai, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana.Ua kūpono lākou no nā noi ma luna a me lalo.
Paʻa ʻino:No ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lōʻihi, hoʻohana pinepine nā paipu kila spiral i nā lāʻau anti-corrosion.Hiki i kēia mau mea ke komo i nā uhi o loko a me waho, e like me ka epoxy, polyethylene, a me ka zinc, e pale ana i nā paipu mai nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā mea ʻino.
Pono:Hāʻawi nā paipu kila spiral i nā mea maikaʻi, e like me ka hiki ke lawe i ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ka maikaʻi o ke kumu kūʻai no nā paipu nui-diameter, maʻalahi o ka hoʻokomo ʻana, a me ke kū'ē i ka deformation.ʻO kā lākou hoʻolālā helical e kōkua pū i ka hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi.
Ka lōʻihiVSʻāwili:Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā paipu kila spiral mai nā paipu wili lōʻihi e kā lākou hana hana.ʻOiai ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā paipu longitudinal a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka lōʻihi o ka paipu, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā paipu spiral i kahi seam helical i ka wā hana.
Mana maikaʻi:He mea koʻikoʻi ka hana ʻana a me nā kaʻina hoʻokele maikaʻi i ka hana ʻana i nā paipu kila spiral hilinaʻi.E nānā pono ʻia nā ʻāpana welding, pipe geometry, a me nā ʻano hoʻāʻo e hōʻoia i ka pili ʻana i nā kūlana ʻoihana a me nā kikoʻī.
Nā Kūlana a me nā kikoʻī:Hana ʻia nā paipu kila spiral e like me nā kūlana honua a me nā ʻoihana e like me API 5L, ASTM, EN, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.Hōʻike kēia mau maʻamau i nā waiwai waiwai, nā ʻano hana hana, a me nā koi hoʻāʻo.
ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ʻo nā paipu kila spiral kahi hopena maʻamau a paʻa no nā ʻoihana like ʻole.ʻO kā lākou kaʻina hana kūʻokoʻa, ka ikaika maoli, a me ka loaʻa ʻana i nā nui like ʻole e hāʻawi i kā lākou hoʻohana ākea i ka ʻoihana, ka lawe ʻana, ka ikehu, ke kūkulu ʻana i ke awa a me nā mea hou aku.ʻO ke koho kūpono, ka mālama ʻana i ka maikaʻi, a me nā ana palekana corrosion he kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hana lōʻihi o nā paipu kila spiral.
Nā kikoʻī
API 5L: GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80 |
ASTM A252: GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 |
EN 10219-1: S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H |
EN10210: S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H |
ASTM A53/A53M: GR.A, GR.B |
EN 10217: P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P265TR1, P265TR2 |
DIN 2458: St37.0, St44.0, St52.0 |
AS/NZS 1163: Papa C250 , Papa C350, Papa C450 |
GB/T 9711: L175, L210, L245, L290, L320 , L360, L390 , L415, L450 , L485 |
ASTMA671: CA55/CB70/CC65, CB60/CB65/CB70/CC60/CC70, CD70/CE55/CE65/CF65/CF70, CF66/CF71/CF72/CF73, CG100/CH100/CI100/CJ100 |
Anawaena(mm) | Mānoanoa Pā (mm) | |||||||||||||||||||
6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | |
219.1 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||
273 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||
323.9 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||
325 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||
355.6 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||
377 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||
406.4 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||
426 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||
457 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||
478 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||
508 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||
529 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||
630 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||
711 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||
720 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||
813 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||
820 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||
920 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||
1020 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||
1220 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||
1420 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||
1620 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||
1820 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||
2020 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||
2220 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||
2500 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||
2540 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||
3000 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● |
ʻO ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana o ka anawaena waho a me ka mānoanoa o ka pā
Kūlana | Ka hoomanawanui o ke kino paipu | Hoʻomanawanui i ka hopena o ka paipu | ʻO ke ahonui o ka mānoanoa o ka pā | |||
Anawaena waho | Hoʻomanawanui | Anawaena waho | Hoʻomanawanui | |||
GB/T3091 | OD≤48.3mm | ≤±0.5 | OD≤48.3mm | - | ≤±10% | |
48.3 | ≤±1.0% | 48.3 | - | |||
273.1 | ≤±0.75% | 273.1 | -0.8~+2.4 | |||
OD>508mm | ≤±1.0% | OD>508mm | -0.8~+3.2 | |||
GB/T9711.1 | OD≤48.3mm | -0.79~+0.41 | - | - | OD≤73 | -12.5%~+20% |
60.3 | ≤±0.75% | OD≤273.1mm | -0.4~+1.59 | 88.9≤OD≤457 | -12.5%~+15% | |
508 | ≤±1.0% | OD≥323.9 | -0.79~+2.38 | OD≥508 | -10.0%~+17.5% | |
OD>941mm | ≤±1.0% | - | - | - | - | |
GB/T9711.2 | 60 | ±0.75%D~±3mm | 60 | ±0.5%D~±1.6mm | 4mm | ±12.5%T~±15.0%T |
610 | ±0.5%D~±4mm | 610 | ±0.5%D~±1.6mm | WT≥25mm | -3.00mm~+3.75mm | |
OD>1430mm | - | OD>1430mm | - | - | -10.0%~+17.5% | |
SY/T5037 | OD<508mm | ≤±0.75% | OD<508mm | ≤±0.75% | OD<508mm | ≤±12.5% |
OD≥508mm | ≤±1.00% | OD≥508mm | ≤±0.50% | OD≥508mm | ≤±10.0% | |
API 5L PSL1/PSL2 | OD<60.3 | -0.8mm~+0.4mm | OD≤168.3 | -0.4mm~+1.6mm | WT≤5.0 | ≤±0.5 |
60.3≤OD≤168.3 | ≤±0.75% | 168.3 | ≤±1.6mm | 5.0 | ≤±0.1T | |
168.3 | ≤±0.75% | 610 | ≤±1.6mm | T≥15.0 | ≤±1.5 | |
610 | ≤±4.0mm | OD>1422 | - | - | - | |
OD>1422 | - | - | - | - | - | |
API 5CT | OD<114.3 | ≤±0.79mm | OD<114.3 | ≤±0.79mm | ≤-12.5% | |
OD≥114.3 | -0.5%~1.0% | OD≥114.3 | -0.5%~1.0% | ≤-12.5% | ||
ASTM A53 | ≤±1.0% | ≤±1.0% | ≤-12.5% | |||
ASTM A252 | ≤±1.0% | ≤±1.0% | ≤-12.5% |
DN mm | NB ʻīniha | OD mm | SCH40S mm | SCH5S mm | SCH10S mm | SCH10 mm | SCH20 mm | SCH40 mm | SCH60 mm | XS/80S mm | SCH80 mm | SCH100 mm | SCH120 mm | SCH140 mm | SCH160 mm | SCHXXS mm |
6 | 1/8” | 10.29 | 1.24 | 1.73 | 2.41 | |||||||||||
8 | 1/4” | 13.72 | 1.65 | 2.24 | 3.02 | |||||||||||
10 | 3/8” | 17.15 | 1.65 | 2.31 | 3.20 | |||||||||||
15 | 1/2” | 21.34 | 2.77 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.77 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 4.78 | 7.47 | ||||||
20 | 3/4” | 26.67 | 2.87 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 3.91 | 5.56 | 7.82 | ||||||
25 | 1” | 33.40 | 3.38 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.38 | 4.55 | 4.55 | 6.35 | 9.09 | ||||||
32 | 1 1/4” | 42.16 | 3.56 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.56 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 6.35 | 9.70 | ||||||
40 | 1 1/2” | 48.26 | 3.68 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.68 | 5.08 | 5.08 | 7.14 | 10.15 | ||||||
50 | 2” | 60.33 | 3.91 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.91 | 5.54 | 5.54 | 9.74 | 11.07 | ||||||
65 | 2 1/2” | 73.03 | 5.16 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.16 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 9.53 | 14.02 | ||||||
80 | 3” | 88.90 | 5.49 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.49 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 11.13 | 15.24 | ||||||
90 | 3 1/2” | 101.60 | 5.74 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.74 | 8.08 | 8.08 | ||||||||
100 | 4” | 114.30 | 6.02 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 6.02 | 8.56 | 8.56 | 11.12 | 13.49 | 17.12 | |||||
125 | 5” | 141.30 | 6.55 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 6.55 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 12.70 | 15.88 | 19.05 | |||||
150 | 6” | 168.27 | 7.11 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 10.97 | 14.27 | 18.26 | 21.95 | |||||
200 | 8” | 219.08 | 8.18 | 2.77 | 3.76 | 6.35 | 8.18 | 10.31 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 20.62 | 23.01 | 22.23 | |
250 | 10” | 273.05 | 9.27 | 3.40 | 4.19 | 6.35 | 9.27 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 25.40 | |
300 | 12” | 323.85 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.57 | 6.35 | 10.31 | 14.27 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 33.32 | 25.40 | |
350 | 14” | 355.60 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 11.13 | 15.09 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 23.83 | 27.79 | 31.75 | 35.71 | |
400 | 16” | 406.40 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 16.66 | 12.70 | 21.44 | 26.19 | 30.96 | 36.53 | 40.49 | |
450 | 18” | 457.20 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 14.27 | 19.05 | 12.70 | 23.83 | 29.36 | 34.93 | 39.67 | 45.24 | |
500 | 20” | 508.00 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 15.09 | 20.62 | 12.70 | 26.19 | 32.54 | 38.10 | 44.45 | 50.01 | |
550 | 22” | 558.80 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 22.23 | 12.70 | 28.58 | 34.93 | 41.28 | 47.63 | 53.98 | ||
600 | 24” | 609.60 | 9.53 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 17.48 | 24.61 | 12.70 | 30.96 | 38.89 | 46.02 | 52.37 | 59.54 | |
650 | 26” | 660.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||||
700 | 28” | 711.20 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||||
750 | 30” | 762.00 | 9.53 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||
800 | 32” | 812.80 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 12.70 | |||||||||
850 | 34” | 863.60 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 12.70 | |||||||||
900 | 36” | 914.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 12.70 | |||||||||
DN 1000mm a ma luna o Anawaena paipu mānoanoa paia 25mm |
Kūlana & Papa
Kūlana | Papa kila |
API 5L: Hōʻike no ka Line Pipe | GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80 |
ASTM A252: Hōʻike maʻamau no nā puʻu paipu kila welded a ʻole | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 |
EN 10219-1: ʻO nā ʻāpana hollow i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke anuanu o nā mea hao ʻole a me nā mea kila maikaʻi. | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H |
EN10210: Nā ʻāpana Hollow Hollow Hoʻopau Wela o nā ʻAi ʻAʻole Alloy a me nā ʻAi Kūʻai maikaʻi. | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H |
ASTM A53/A53M: Paipu, Ke kila, ʻEleʻele a me ka Wela-Hoʻopaʻa ʻia, Zinc-Coated, Welded a me ka Seamless | GR.A, GR.B |
EN 10217: ʻO nā paipu kila welded no nā kumu paʻi | P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P265TR1, P265TR2 |
DIN 2458: ʻO nā paipu kila welo a me nā paipu | St37.0, St44.0, St52.0 |
AS/NZS 1163: ʻO Australian/New Zealand maʻamau no nā ʻāpana Hollow Steel Structural Hollow. | Papa C250 , Papa C350, Papa C450 |
GB/T 9711: ʻOihana ʻAla a me nā ʻenehana kūlohelohe - Pipe Steel no nā Pipeline | L175, L210, L245, L290, L320 , L360, L390 , L415, L450 , L485 |
AWWA C200: Paipu wai kila 6 ʻīniha (150 mm) a ʻoi aku ka nui | ʻO ka hao hao |
Kaʻina Hana Hana
Ka Mana Mana
● Nānā Mea Maka
● Nānā Kemika
● Ho'āʻo Mechanical
● Nānā Kiʻi
● Nānā Ana
● Hoʻāʻo Bend
● Ho'āʻo Impact
● Intergranular Corrosion Ho'āʻo
● Nānā Hoʻopilikia ʻole (UT, MT, PT)
● Kuʻikahi kaʻina hana welding
● ʻIkepili Microstructure
● Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke ahi a me ka hoʻopalapala
● Ho'āʻo paʻakikī
● Ho'āʻo Paʻi
● Ho'āʻo Metallography
● Ho'āʻo ʻino
● Eddy i kēia manawa
● Nānā pena a me ka uhi
● Nānā Palapala
Hoohana & Hoohana
ʻO nā paipu kila spiral he nui a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana like ʻole ma muli o ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona kūikawā a me nā pono.Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou e ka wiliwili ʻana i nā ʻāpana kila e hana ai i kahi paipu me kahi humu hoʻomau mau.Eia kekahi mau hoʻohana maʻamau o nā paipu kila spiral.
● Ka lawe ʻana i ka wai: ʻO kēia mau paipu e hoʻoneʻe maikaʻi i ka wai, ka aila, a me ke kinoea ma nā mamao lōʻihi ma nā paipu ma muli o ko lākou kūkulu ʻana a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe.
● ʻAila a me Gas: He mea nui no nā ʻoihana ʻaila a me nā kinoea, lawe lākou i ka ʻaila maʻemaʻe, ke kinoea maoli, a me nā huahana i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, e lawelawe ana i nā pono ʻimi a me ka hāʻawi ʻana.
● Piling: Kākoʻo nā puʻu kumu ma nā papahana kūkulu i nā ukana kaumaha ma nā hale e like me nā hale a me nā alahaka.
● Hoʻohana Hoʻohana: Hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā hale kūkulu hale, nā kolamu, a me nā kākoʻo, ʻo ko lākou lōʻihi e kōkua i ka paʻa o ke kūkulu ʻana.
● ʻO nā Culverts a me ka hoʻoheheʻe wai: Hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā ʻōnaehana wai, ʻo kā lākou pale ʻana i ka corrosion a me ka ʻoluʻolu o loko e pale i ka pipili a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kahe wai.
● Mechanical Tubing: I ka hana ʻana a me ka mahiʻai, hāʻawi kēia mau paipu i nā kumu kūʻai kūpono a paʻa i nā ʻāpana.
● Ke Kai a me Ke Kai: No nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi, hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā paipu ma lalo o ka wai, nā paepae o waho, a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā jetty.
● Mining: Hāʻawi lākou i nā mea hana a me ka slurry i ke koi ʻana i nā hana mining ma muli o kā lākou hana paʻa.
● Waiwai: He kūpono no nā paipu anawaena nui i loko o nā ʻōnaehana wai, e lawe maikaʻi ana i ka nui o ka wai.
● Pūnaehana Geothermal: Hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā pāhana ikehu geothermal, mālama lākou i ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka wai wela ma waena o nā waihona a me nā mea kanu mana.
ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o nā paipu kila spiral, i hui pū ʻia me ko lākou ikaika, lōʻihi, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana, lilo lākou i mea koʻikoʻi ma waena o kahi ākea o nā ʻoihana a me nā noi.
Hoʻopili a me ka hoʻouna ʻana
Hoʻopili:
ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻopili no nā paipu kila spiral e pili ana i nā ʻanuʻu koʻikoʻi e hōʻoia i ka pale pono ʻana o nā paipu i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana:
● Paipu Paipu: Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā paipu kila me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaula, nā kaula kila, a i ʻole nā ʻano hana hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻē aʻe.Kāohi ʻia nā paipu pākahi mai ka neʻe ʻana a i ʻole ka neʻe ʻana i loko o ka pahu.
● Pipe End Protection: Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pāpale plastik a i ʻole nā uhi pale ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o nā paipu i mea e pale ai i ka pōʻino i nā wēlau paipu a me ka ʻili o loko.
● Hoʻopaʻa wai: ʻOpiʻi ʻia nā paipu me nā mea wai ʻole, e like me nā pepa plastik a i ʻole ka ʻōwili ʻana, e pale aku iā lākou mai ka makū i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui ma waho a i ʻole ka moku moana.
● Padding: Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā mea padding hou, e like me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka foam a i ʻole nā mea cushioning, ma waena o nā paipu a i ʻole ma nā wahi nāwaliwali e komo i nā haʻalulu a me nā haʻalulu.
● Lepili: Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia pūʻolo me nā ʻike koʻikoʻi, me nā kikoʻī paipu, nā ana, ka nui, a me ka huakaʻi.Kōkua kēia i ka ʻike maʻalahi a me ka mālama ʻana.
Hoʻouna:
● Pono ka hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā paipu kila spiral e hōʻoia i ka palekana a me ka maikaʻi o ka halihali.
● Ke Kaʻa Kaʻa: ʻO ke koho ʻana o ke ʻano kaʻa (alanui, kaʻaahi, kai, a i ʻole ka ea) e pili ana i nā mea e like me ka mamao, ka wikiwiki, a me ka hiki ke hele i kahi.
● Hoʻopili: Hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia nā paipu i loko o nā pahu hoʻouna maʻamau a i ʻole nā puʻu palahalaha kūikawā.Mālama ka Containerization i nā paipu mai nā mea o waho a hāʻawi i kahi kaiapuni hoʻomalu.
● Hoʻopaʻa ʻia: Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā paipu i loko o nā pahu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hoʻopaʻa kūpono, e like me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ka pale ʻana, a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana.Mālama kēia i ka neʻe ʻana a hōʻemi i ka pōʻino i ka wā o ka transit.
● Palapala: Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā palapala kikoʻī, me nā palapala hōʻaiʻē, nā papa inoa hoʻopili, a me nā hōʻike hoʻouna, no ka ʻae ʻana i ka dute a me ka nānā ʻana.
● Inikua: Loaʻa pinepine ʻia ka ʻinikua ukana no ka uhi ʻana i nā poho a i ʻole nā pōʻino i ka wā kaʻa.
● Mākaʻikaʻi: Ma ka holo ʻana o ka hoʻouna ʻana, hiki ke nānā ʻia nā paipu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka GPS a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopaʻa ʻana no ka hōʻoia ʻana aia lākou ma ke ala kūpono a me ka papa manawa.
● Hoʻomaʻemaʻe Dute: Hāʻawi ʻia nā palapala kūpono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻae ʻana i nā dute ma ke awa a i ʻole ka palena.
Ka hopena:
ʻO ka hoʻopili pono ʻana a me ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā paipu kila spiral he mea nui e mālama i ka maikaʻi a me ka pololei o nā paipu i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana.ʻO ka hahai ʻana i nā hana maikaʻi loa o ka ʻoihana e hōʻoia i ka hiki ʻana o nā paipu i ko lākou wahi i kahi kūlana maikaʻi loa, mākaukau no ka hoʻokomo ʻana a i ʻole ka hana hou ʻana.