ʻIkepili o nā Mea Alloy
Ka Wehewehena o ke Alloy
ʻO kahi alloy he hui like i haku ʻia me ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha mau metala, a i ʻole ka hui pū ʻana o nā metala a me nā mea ʻaʻole metala, me nā ʻano metala. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo ma hope o ka hoʻolālā alloy, ʻo ia ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i nā waiwai mechanical, physical, a me nā kemika e hoʻokō ai i nā koi kikoʻī o nā noi like ʻole.
Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā Mea Alloy
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hao ma muli o kā lākou mau mea nui a me nā waiwai e like me kēia:
●Nā mea hao hao:He mau mea hao kēia me nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia e like me ke kalapona, manganese, a me ka silicon, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana hana kila a me ka hoʻolei ʻana.
●Nā mea hoʻohuihui alumini:He mau mea hoʻohuihui alumini kēia me nā mea e like me ke keleawe, ka magnesium, a me ka zinc, i ʻike ʻia no ka māmā, ikaika, a he conductivity maikaʻi loa a me nā waiwai thermal.
●Nā mea hoʻohui keleawe:He mau mea hoʻohui keleawe kēia me nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia e like me ka zinc, ka tin, a me ke kēpau, e hāʻawi ana i ka conductivity maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa i ka corrosion, a me ka hana.
● Nā mea hoʻohuihui magnesium:ʻO nā metala magnesium, i hui pinepine ʻia me ka alumini, zinc, a me ka manganese, ʻo ia nā metala kūkulu māmā loa me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka haʻalulu a me ka hoʻopuehu wela.
●Nā ʻāpana nikala:Aia i loko o nā mea hoʻohuihui nickel nā mea e like me chromium, hao, a me ka cobalt, a hōʻike i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pala a me ka hana wela kiʻekiʻe.
●Nā ʻāpana Titanium:ʻIke ʻia no ko lākou ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me ke kūpaʻa koʻikoʻi i ka pala, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea hoʻohui titanium i nā noi aerospace.
Nā Alloys Ferrous
ʻO ka haku mele a me nā waiwai o nā Ferrous Alloys
Ua hana ʻia nā mea hoʻohuihui Ferrous me ka hao me nā mea hoʻohuihui like ʻole e hoʻonui ai i ko lākou mau waiwai mechanical. ʻO nā mea maʻamau:
●Kalapona:ʻO kekahi o nā mea hoʻohuihui koʻikoʻi loa, ʻo ka loli ʻana o ka nui o ke kalapona i loko o nā mea hao hao e hoʻopilikia i ka paʻakikī a me ka paʻakikī. Hāʻawi nā mea hoʻohui kalapona kiʻekiʻe i ka paʻakikī akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka paʻakikī.
●Silikona:Hoʻomaikaʻi ka Silicon i ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa o nā hui hao a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā hui hao silicon-hao no ka hana kila ma ke ʻano he deoxidizer a me ka mea hoʻohuihui.
●Manganese:He mea nui ka manganese no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī o nā hui hao, a he mea nui nā hui ferromanganese no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala o ke kila.
●Kromium:Hāʻawi nā hui hao chromium-hao i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pala a me ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe, i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka hana ʻana o ke kila kila a me nā kila kūikawā.
Nā noi o nā Ferrous Alloys
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea hao hao ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole, e like me:
●ʻOihana Hana Kila:He mau mea hoʻohui koʻikoʻi nā hui hao i ka hana kila, hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ke kila a hoʻomaikaʻi i kona mau waiwai.
●ʻOihana Hoʻolei:I nā kaʻina hana hoʻolei, hoʻonui nā hui hao i nā waiwai mechanical a me ke kūpaʻa o nā huahana hao.
●Nā Mea Hana Kuʻi:Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohuihui Ferrous i ka hana ʻana o nā koʻokoʻo kuʻihao a me ke flux e hōʻoia i nā hui weld kiʻekiʻe.
●Nā ʻoihana Kemika a me ka Fertilizer:Hana nā hui hao ma ke ʻano he mau mea hoʻonui a me nā mea hoʻemi i ka hana kemika a me ka hana mea hoʻouluulu.
● Hana hao:Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohui Ferrous i nā mea hana e like me nā mea ʻokiʻoki a me nā hoʻoheheʻe, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ko lākou lōʻihi a me ka pono.
Nā Alloys Aluminum
Nā ʻano koʻikoʻi o nā Alloys Aluminum
Ua kaulana nā mea hoʻohuihui alumini no ko lākou māmā, ikaika kiʻekiʻe, a me ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana, e lilo ai lākou i mea nui i nā ʻoihana hou. ʻO nā ʻano koʻikoʻi:
●Māmā:He haʻahaʻa ka nui o nā mea hoʻohui alumini ma kahi o 2.7 g/cm³, e kūpono ana iā lākou no nā noi e pono ai ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha.
● Ikaika Kiʻekiʻe:Ma o ke kāwili ʻana a me ka mālama wela ʻana, hiki i nā mea hao alumini ke hoʻokō i ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, me kekahi mau mea hao e ʻoi aku ma mua o 500 MPa.
● Ka hoʻokele maikaʻi loa:He alakaʻi maikaʻi loa ka alumini maʻemaʻe o ka uila a me ka wela, a mālama nā mea hoʻohui alumini i kahi hapa nui o kēia mau waiwai.
●Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka palaho:Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi papa oxide kūlohelohe ma luna o ka ʻili o nā mea hao alumini, e hāʻawi ana i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pala, a hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā ke hoʻonui hou aku i kēia waiwai.
● Ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana:Hōʻike nā mea hoʻohui alumini i ka plasticity maikaʻi, e kūpono ai no ke kaʻina hana hoʻolei, extrusion, a me ka forging.
Nā Papa a me nā Hoʻohana o nā Alloys Aluminum
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hoʻohuihui alumini ma muli o kā lākou mau mea hoʻohuihui nui a me nā waiwai. ʻO kekahi mau papa maʻamau:
●1xxx Moʻo:ʻAlumini maʻemaʻe, me ka ʻoi aku o 99.00% o ka alumini, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana uila a me nā waiwai kūʻai o kēlā me kēia lā.
●2xxx Moʻo:ʻO ke keleawe ka mea hoʻohuihui mua, e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ana i ka ikaika ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā noi aerospace.
●3xxx Moʻo:ʻO ka manganese ka mea hoʻohuihui nui, e hāʻawi ana i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka pala, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana a me nā mea kūkulu hale.
●4xxx Moʻo:ʻO Silicon ka mea hoʻohuihui nui, e hāʻawi ana i ke kūpaʻa wela a me nā waiwai hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi, kūpono no nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a me nā ʻāpana kūpaʻa wela.
●5xxx Moʻo:ʻO ka Magnesium ka mea hoʻohuihui mua, e hāʻawi ana i nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi loa a me ke kūpaʻa i ka pala, hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻoihana moana, kaʻa, a me nā aerospace.
●6xxx Moʻo:ʻO ka magnesium a me ke silicon nā mea hoʻohuihui nui, e hāʻawi ana i ka ikaika maikaʻi a me ka hana, i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā mea kūkulu.
●7xxx Moʻo:ʻO Zinc ka mea hoʻohuihui mua, a hāʻawi kēia mau mea hoʻohui i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe loa, i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā ʻano mokulele a me nā noi ikaika kiʻekiʻe.
●8xxx Moʻo:Loaʻa i nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ka hao a me ka nickel, e hāʻawi ana i ka ikaika maikaʻi a me ka conductivity, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana uila.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohui alumini ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole, e like me:
●Lewa mokulele:He mea nui nā metala alumini māmā a ikaika hoʻi no nā ʻano a me nā ʻāpana mokulele.
●Halihali:Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohui alumini e hana i nā ʻāpana kaʻa māmā a me nā ʻāpana kaʻaahi, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka pono o ka wahie.
●ʻOihana Uila:ʻO ka alumini kahi mea makemake nui ʻia no nā kaula a me nā mea hoʻololi
● Kūkulu ʻana:Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea hoʻohui alumini i nā hale kuhikuhipuʻuone, nā mōlina puka makani, nā puka, a me ka uhi hale ma muli o ko lākou ikaika, kūpaʻa i ka pala, a me ke ʻano aesthetic.
●Paʻa ʻana:Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea hoʻohuihui alumini, ʻoiai ma ke ʻano o nā foil a me nā kini, i ka ʻoihana hoʻopili no ka mea he māmā lākou, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawahia, a hiki ke hana hou ʻia.
Nā mea hoʻohui keleawe
ʻO ka haku mele ʻana a me nā waiwai o nā mea hoʻohui keleawe
Ua kaulana nā mea hoʻohui keleawe no ko lākou alakaʻi uila a me ka wela maikaʻi loa, ke kūpaʻa i ka pala, a me ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana. ʻO nā mea hoʻohui keleawe maʻamau:
● Keleawe (ʻAla keleawe-Zinc):ʻIke ʻia no kona ikaika, ductility, a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka corrosion, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke keleawe i nā noi mechanical, plumbing, a me nā mea kani.
● Keleawe (ʻAla keleawe-Tina):Hāʻawi kēia metala i ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe loa i ka pala, ka paʻakikī, a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā bearings, bushings, a me nā noi moana.
●Nā ʻāpana keleawe-nickel:Hāʻawi kēia mau mea hoʻohui i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pala i nā wahi kai, e kūpono ai lākou no ke kūkulu moku, nā kahua kai, a me nā hale hana desalination.
●Beryllium Keleawe:Me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī, a me ke kūpaʻa i ka pala, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke keleawe beryllium i nā mea hana pololei, nā mea hoʻohui uila, a me nā pūnāwai.
Nā noi o nā mea hoʻohui keleawe
Hana nā mea hoʻohui keleawe i nā ʻoihana like ʻole ma muli o ko lākou ʻano maʻalahi a me nā waiwai kūikawā:
●ʻOihana Uila:Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea hoʻohui keleawe i nā mea hoʻohui uila, nā uwea, a me nā ʻāpana ma muli o ko lākou conductivity maikaʻi loa.
●Plumbing a me ka lawelawe ʻana i ka wai:Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke keleawe a me ke keleawe no nā kiwikā, nā mea hoʻopili, a me nā noi plumbing ʻē aʻe ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa i ka pala.
●ʻOihana Moana:Makemake nui ʻia nā mea hoʻohui keleawe-nickel no nā hana kai ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pala o ka wai kai.
● ʻEnekinia Pololei:Hoʻohana ʻia ke keleawe beryllium i nā mea hana, nā lako hana ʻaʻole e hoʻālohilohi, a me nā ʻāpana kikoʻī ma muli o kona ikaika a me kona lōʻihi.
Nā mea hoʻohuihui magnesium
Nā ʻano o nā Magnesium Alloys
ʻO nā metala hoʻohuihui magnesium nā metala kūkulu māmā loa, me ka lakio ikaika-a-kaumaha maikaʻi loa, ka omo haʻalulu, a me ka machinability. ʻO nā waiwai koʻikoʻi:
●Māmā:ʻOi aku ka māmā o nā mea hoʻohui magnesium ma mua o ka alumini a me 78% ka māmā ma mua o ke kila, e kūpono ana iā lākou no nā noi e pili ana i ke kaumaha.
●Maikaʻi ka mīkini ʻana:He machinability maikaʻi loa nā hui magnesium, e ʻae ana i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana paʻakikī a pololei hoʻi me ka maikaʻi.
● Hoʻopili haʻalulu:Loaʻa i kēia mau mea hoʻohuihui nā waiwai hoʻopūhoihoi maikaʻi, e lilo ai lākou i mea pono i nā noi kaʻa a me nā aerospace.
● Hoʻopuehu Wela:Hāʻawi nā hui magnesium i ka hoʻopuehu wela maikaʻi, he mea nui ia no nā mea uila a me nā ʻāpana wela kiʻekiʻe.
Nā noi o nā Magnesium Alloys
Ma muli o ko lākou māmā a me ka ikaika, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohui magnesium i nā ʻoihana like ʻole:
●ʻOihana Kaʻa:Hoʻohana ʻia nā kinikini magnesium i nā ʻāpana mīkini, nā hale hoʻoili, a me nā huila e hōʻemi i ke kaumaha o ke kaʻa a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka wahie.
●ʻOihana mokulele:Hoʻohana ʻia nā hui magnesium i nā ʻāpana mokulele a me nā ʻāpana aerospace kahi e koʻikoʻi ai ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha.
● Nā mea uila:Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohui magnesium i ka hana ʻana i nā kamepiula lawe lima māmā, nā kāmela, a me nā kelepona paʻalima ma muli o ko lākou ikaika a me nā waiwai hoʻopuehu wela.
●Nā Mea Hana Lapaʻau:Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohui magnesium i nā implants bioresorbable a me nā mea orthopedic ma muli o ko lākou biocompatibility.
Nā ʻāpana nikala
Nā Waiwai o nā Nickel Alloys
Ua kaulana nā hui nikala no ko lākou kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, a me ka ikaika mechanical. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia lākou me ka chromium, ka hao, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana ma nā wahi koʻikoʻi. ʻO nā waiwai koʻikoʻi:
●Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka palaho:He kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa nā hui nickel i ka oxidation a me ka corrosion i nā ʻano ʻino, e like me ke kai wai a me nā kūlana acidic.
● Ikaika Mahana Kiʻekiʻe:Mālama nā hui nickel i ko lākou ikaika i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, e kūpono ai lākou no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā aerospace a me nā noi hana mana.
●Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu:Hāʻawi nā hui nickel i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi o ka ʻaʻahu, he mea waiwai nui ia i nā noi e pono ai ke kūpaʻa lōʻihi.
Nā noi o nā Nickel Alloys
Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohui nickel i nā noi koi ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole:
●ʻOihana mokulele:Hoʻohana ʻia nā superalloys i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka nickel i nā ʻenekini jet, nā lau turbine, a me nā ʻāpana wela kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa ʻana i ka wela.
●Ka Hana Kemika:Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohui nickel i nā reactors, nā mea hoʻololi wela, a me nā ʻōnaehana paipu kahi e pono ai ke kū'ē i ka pala a me nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.
●Hana Mana:Hoʻohana ʻia nā hui nickel i nā mea hana nukelea a me nā turbine kinoea ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke kiʻekiʻe i ka mahana a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala.
●ʻOihana Moana:Hoʻohana ʻia nā hui nickel i nā wahi kai no nā hana e like me nā pamu, nā kiwikā, a me nā lako hana desalination wai kai.
Nā mea hoʻohuihui Titanium
Nā ʻano o nā Titanium Alloys
He māmā akā ikaika nā mea hoʻohuihui titanium, me ke kūpaʻa kūikawā i ka pala a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā waiwai koʻikoʻi:
● Ka lakio ikaika-a-kaumaha kiʻekiʻe:ʻOi aku ka ikaika o nā mea hoʻohuihui titanium e like me ke kila akā kokoke i 45% ka māmā, e kūpono ai lākou no nā hana aerospace a me nā hana hana kiʻekiʻe.
●Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka palaho:Hāʻawi nā hui titanium i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pala, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wai kai a me nā wahi kemika.
●Hoʻohālikelike Olaola:He biocompatible nā hui titanium, no laila kūpono lākou no nā implants lapaʻau a me nā polokalamu.
●Paʻa o ka Mahana Kiʻekiʻe:Hiki i nā hui titanium ke kū i nā mahana koʻikoʻi, e mālama ana i ko lākou ikaika a me ka kūpaʻa i nā noi aerospace a me nā ʻoihana.
Nā noi o nā Titanium Alloys
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā hui titanium i nā ʻoihana kahi e koʻikoʻi ai ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka māmā, a me ke kūpaʻa i ka pala:
●ʻOihana mokulele:Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohui titanium i nā mōlina mokulele, nā ʻāpana mīkini, a me nā kapa pae ma muli o ko lākou ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaumaha.
●Nā Mea Hana Lapaʻau:Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohui Titanium i nā implants orthopedic, nā implants niho, a me nā mea hana ʻokiʻoki ma muli o ko lākou biocompatibility a me ke kūpaʻa.
●ʻOihana Moana:Hoʻohana ʻia nā huila Titanium i nā ʻāpana subsea, ke kūkulu moku, a me ka ʻeli ʻana ma waho o ke kai ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa i ka pala.
●Nā Hana Hana:Hoʻohana ʻia nā huila Titanium i nā mea kanu hana kemika, ka hana mana, a me nā noi kaʻa no nā ʻāpana e pono ai ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa i ka pala.
Hopena
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā mea hao hao i nā ʻoihana hou, e hāʻawi ana i nā hoʻonā i hana kūikawā ʻia me nā hui kūikawā o ka ikaika, ke kaumaha, ke kūpaʻa i ka pala, a me ke kūpaʻa. Mai ka aerospace a i ke kaʻa, ke kūkulu ʻana a i nā mea lapaʻau, ʻo ka versatility o nā mea hao hao e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea nui no nā noi he nui ʻole. Inā paha he ikaika kiʻekiʻe o nā hao hao hao, nā waiwai māmā o nā hao hao alumini, a i ʻole ke kūpaʻa i ka pala o nā hao nickel a me titanium, ua hana ʻia nā hao hao e hoʻokō i nā pono like ʻole o ka honua ʻenehana holomua o kēia wā.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-17-2024