Hiki ke loaʻa ke kila kila ma nā wahi a pau o ke ola, a aia nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona like ʻole ke ʻike. I kēia lā e kaʻana like me ʻoe i kahi ʻatikala e wehewehe i nā wahi ʻike ma aneʻi.
ʻO ke kila kila ka abbreviation o ke kila kuhiliʻole ʻakika, ka ea, ka mahu, ka wai a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe nāwaliwali ʻē aʻe a i ʻole ke kila kila i ʻike ʻia he kila kila; a e kū'ē i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kemika (ʻakika, alkalis, paʻakai, a me nā impregnation kemika ʻē aʻe) ʻo ka corrosion o ke kila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka acid-resistant steel.
Pili ke kila kila i ka ea, ka mahu, ka wai a me nā mea ʻeleʻele palupalu palupalu a me nā waikawa, nā alkalis, nā paʻakai a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kino kino ʻē aʻe o ke kila, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ke kila kūpaʻa ʻakika. I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, pinepine nāwaliwali corrosive media corrosion-kūpaʻa kila i kapa ʻia he kila kuhiliʻole, a me nā mea hoʻolaha kemika corrosion-kū pale kila i kapa ʻia he kila ʻakika. Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ka haku mele ʻana o nā mea ʻelua, ʻaʻole kū pono ka mea mua i ka corrosion media kemika, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea hope he kulika maʻamau. ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o ke kila kila ma muli o nā mea hoʻohui i loko o ke kila.
Hoʻokaʻawale maʻamau
Wahi a ka hui metallurgical
ʻO ka maʻamau, e like me ka hui metallurgical, ua māhele ʻia nā kila kulika maʻamau i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: austenitic stainless steels, ferritic stainless steels a me martensitic stainless steels. Ma ke kumu o ka hui metallurgical maʻamau o kēia mau ʻano ʻekolu, ua loaʻa nā kila duplex, ua paʻakikī i ka ua a me nā kila kila kiʻekiʻe me ka liʻiliʻi o 50% hao no nā pono a me nā kumu.
1. Austenitic kila kila
ʻO ka matrix i ke alo-centred cubic crystal structure o ka austenitic organization (CY phase) ua hoʻomalu ʻia e ka non-magnetic, ʻo ka nui ma o ka hana anuanu e hoʻoikaika ai (a hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi pae o ka magnetism) o ke kila kila. ʻO ka American Iron and Steel Institute i 200 a me 300 pūʻulu o nā lepili helu, e like me 304.
2. Ferritic kuhiliʻole kila
ʻO ka matrix i ke kino-cented cubic crystal structure o ka hui ferrite (he phase) ka mea nui, magnetic, maʻamau ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻakikī ʻia e ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, akā hiki i ka hana anu ke hoʻoikaika iki i ke kila kila. American Iron and Steel Institute i 430 a me 446 no ka lepili.
3. Ke kila kuhiliʻole Martensitic
ʻO ka matrix kahi hui martensitic (kubiki i waena o ke kino a i ʻole cubic), magnetic, ma o ka mālama wela hiki ke hoʻoponopono i kona mau mea mechanical o ke kila kila. American Iron and Steel Institute i 410, 420, a me 440 mau helu i kahaia. He hui austenitic ka Martensite i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i martensite (ʻo ia hoʻi ka paʻakikī) ke hoʻoluʻu ʻia i ka lumi wela ma kahi kūpono kūpono.
4. Austenitic a ferrite (duplex) ano kila kuhiliʻole
Loaʻa i ka matrix ka hui austenitic a me ka ferrite ʻelua-phase, ʻo ia ka ʻike o ka matrix phase liʻiliʻi i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 15%, magnetic, hiki ke hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka hana anuanu o ke kila kila, ʻo 329 he kila kila duplex maʻamau. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka austenitic stainless steel, duplex steel ikaika kiʻekiʻe, kūʻē i ka intergranular corrosion a me ka chloride stress corrosion a me ka pitting corrosion ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia.
5. Ua hoʻopaʻakikī ʻia ke kila kila
ʻO ka matrix he hui austenitic a martensitic paha, a hiki ke hoʻopaʻakikī ʻia e ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa paʻakikī o ka ua i mea e hoʻopaʻa ai i ke kila kila. American Iron and Steel Institute i 600 moʻo o nā lepili kikohoʻe, e like me 630, ʻo ia hoʻi, 17-4PH.
Ma keʻano laulā, ma waho aʻe o nā alloys, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana o ka austenitic stainless steel, ma kahi ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka corrosive, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka ferritic stainless steel, ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa corrosive, inā koi ʻia ka mea i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka martensitic stainless steel a me ka paʻakikī paʻakikī o ka ua.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka hoʻohana ʻana
Kaʻina hana ʻili
ʻokoʻa mānoanoa
1. No ka mea, o ka mīkini wili kila i ke kaʻina olokaʻa, ua wela nā ʻōwili e ka liʻiliʻi deformation, ka hopena i ka ʻōwili ʻana i ka ʻāpana mānoanoa o ka pā, maʻamau ka mānoanoa ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka lahilahi. I ke ana ana i ka mānoanoa o ka papa aupuni hooponopono pono e ana ma ka waena o ka pā poo.
2. ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻomanawanui e pili ana i ka mākeke a me ka koi o ka mea kūʻai aku, maʻamau i māhele ʻia i nā ʻae a me nā liʻiliʻi.
V. Ka hana, nā koi nānā
1. Pahu paipu
① i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā hui kīwī no ka 100% ray inspection a i ʻole UT, pae kūpono: RT: Ⅱ UT: Ⅰ pae;
② Ma waho aʻe o ke kila kila, ʻo ka pā paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kaumaha hoʻomaha wela;
③ paipu pā paʻa puka alahaka ʻokoʻa: e like me ke kumu no ka helu ʻana i ka laulā o ke alahaka puka: B = (S - d) - D1
ʻO ka laulā liʻiliʻi o ke alahaka puka: B = 1/2 (S - d) + C;
2. Tube pahu wela lapaʻau:
ʻO ke kila kalapona, ke kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hoʻopili ʻia me ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka pahu paipu, a me ka pahu paipu o nā puka ākea ʻoi aku ma mua o 1/3 o ke anawaena o loko o ka pahu paipu cylinder, i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kuʻi ʻana no ka mālama ʻana i ke kaumaha, pono e hana ʻia ka flange a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻili ma hope o ka mālama wela.
3. Ho'āʻo kaomi
Ke emi iho ka puʻe o ke kaʻina hana pūpū ma mua o ke kaomi kaʻina o ka paipu, i mea e nānā ai i ka maikaʻi o ka paipu hoʻololi wela a me nā pilina paʻa paipu.
① ʻO ke kaomi papahana Shell e hoʻonui i ke kaomi ho'āʻo me ka papahana paipu e kūlike me ka ho'āʻo hydraulic, e nānā i ka leakage o nā hui paipu. (Akā naʻe, pono e hōʻoia i ke koʻikoʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni mua o ka pūpū i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo hydraulic ʻo ≤0.9ReLΦ)
② Inā ʻaʻole kūpono ke ʻano i luna, hiki i ka pūpū ke hoʻāʻo hydrostatic e like me ke kaomi kumu ma hope o ka hala ʻana, a laila ka pūpū no ka hoʻāʻo leakage amonia a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo leakage halogen.
He aha ke ʻano o ke kila kila ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka ʻōpala?
ʻEkolu mau kumu nui e pili ana i ka ʻōpala o ke kila kila:
1. ʻO ka maʻiʻo o nā mea hoʻohui. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka ʻōpala o ka chromium ma 10.5% kila. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike o ka chromium a me ka nickel corrosion resistance, e like me 304 material nickel content o 85 ~ 10%, chromium content o 18% ~ 20%, ʻo ia ʻano kila kila ma ka laulā ʻaʻole ʻōpala.
2. ʻO ke kaʻina hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka mea hana e hoʻopilikia pū i ka pale ʻana o ke kila kila. He maikaʻi ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, ka mea kanu kuhili nui i ka mana o nā mea hoʻohuihui, ka wehe ʻana i nā mea haumia, billet cooling temperature control hiki ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia, no laila ke kūpaʻa a hilinaʻi ka huahana, maikaʻi intrinsic maikaʻi, ʻaʻole maʻalahi i ka pala. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo kekahi mau mea kanu kila liʻiliʻi i hope, ʻenehana hope, kaʻina hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke wehe ʻia nā mea haumia, ʻo ka hana ʻana o nā huahana inevitably rust.
3. Kaiapuni waho. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka lepo maloʻo a me ka ventila, ʻoiai ka haʻahaʻa o ka ea, ka ua mau ʻana, a i ʻole ka ea i loko o ka acidity a me ka alkalinity o ke kaiapuni he maʻalahi ka pala. 304 mea kila kuhiliʻole, inā ʻilihune loa ke kaiapuni a puni, ua ʻōpala nō hoʻi.
Kūleʻa kila rust spots pehea e hana me?
1. Keʻano kemika
Me ka pickling paste a i ʻole e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e kōkua i kāna mau ʻāpana ʻōpala e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni chromium oxide e hoʻihoʻi i kona kūpaʻa corrosion, ma hope o ka pickling, i mea e wehe ai i nā mea haumia a me nā koena waika, he mea nui ia e lawe i kahi holoi pono me ka wai. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻia me nā mea hana polishing, hiki ke pani ʻia me ka polishing wax. No ka local wahi rust spots hiki no hoi ke hoʻohana 1:1 petrol, aila hui me ka maʻemaʻe lole e holoi aku i ka rust spots hiki ke.
2. Nā ʻano mīkini
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe Sandblasting, hoʻomaʻemaʻe me ke aniani a i ʻole nā ʻāpana seramika e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hoʻopau, palaki a poli. Hiki i nā ʻano hana mīkini ke holoi i ka haumia i hoʻoiho ʻia e nā mea i lawe ʻia ma mua, nā mea polishing a i ʻole nā mea i hoʻopau ʻia. ʻO nā ʻano ʻino a pau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana hao haole, hiki ke lilo i kumu o ka ʻino, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā ʻili i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana maloʻo. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano mechanical e hoʻomaʻemaʻe wale i kona ʻili a ʻaʻole e hoʻololi i ke kūpaʻa corrosion o ka mea ponoʻī. No laila, ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou i ka ʻili me nā mea hana polishing a hoʻopaʻa iā ia me ka polishing wax ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe mechanical.
Mea hoʻohana maʻamau i nā māka kila kuhiliʻole a me nā waiwai
1.304 kila kila. ʻO ia kekahi o nā austenitic stainless steels me ka noi nui a me ka hoʻohana ākea, kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana hoʻoheheʻe hohonu a me nā pipeline acid, nā ipu, nā ʻāpana hana, nā ʻano ʻano mea kani, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
2.304L kila kila. I mea e hoʻoponopono ai i ka ua Cr23C6 i hoʻokumu ʻia e 304 stainless steel i kekahi mau kūlana aia kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi i ka intergranular corrosion a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona kūlana sensitized o intergranular corrosion resistance ma mua o 304 stainless steel. Ma waho aʻe o ka ikaika haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā waiwai ʻē aʻe me 321 stainless steel, i hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā mea hana corrosion-resistant a me nā ʻāpana ʻaʻole hiki ke welded solution treatment, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano mea like ʻole.
3.304H kila kila. 304 kuhiliʻole kila lala lala, kalapona hakina hakina ma 0.04% ~ 0.10%, kiʻekiʻe wela hana oi ma mua o 304 kuhiliʻole kila.
4.316 kila kila. Ma ke kila 10Cr18Ni12 e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka molybdenum, no laila ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi ke kila i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka media a me ka pitting corrosion resistance. I ka wai kai a me nā mea hoʻolaha ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion ma mua o 304 stainless steel, i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea pale corrosion.
5.316L kila kila. ʻO ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka sensitized intergranular corrosion, kūpono no ka hana ʻana i ka nui o ke keʻa mānoanoa o nā ʻāpana welded a me nā lako, e like me nā lako petrochemical i loko o nā mea pale-corrosion.
6.316H kila kila. lala kūloko o 316 kuhiliʻole kila, kalapona ka hapa hapa o 0.04% -0.10%, kiʻekiʻe wela hana oi ma mua o 316 kuhiliʻole kila.
7.317 kila kila. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pitting corrosion resistance a me ka creep resistance ma mua o ka 316L stainless steel, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe petrochemical a me nā mea hoʻonaninani.
8.321 kila kila. ʻO Titanium stabilized austenitic stainless steel, hoʻohui i ka titanium e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa intergranular corrosion, a loaʻa nā waiwai mechanical kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke pani ʻia e ka ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel. Ma waho aʻe o ka wela kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole hydrogen corrosion resistance a me nā hanana kūikawā ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ke kūlana maʻamau.
9.347 kila kila. ʻO Niobium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel, niobium i hoʻohui ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka intergranular corrosion, corrosion resistance i ka waikawa, alkali, paʻakai a me nā mea ʻē aʻe corrosive me 321 stainless steel, maikaʻi kuʻi ʻana hana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea corrosion-kūʻai a me ke kila wela i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka mana wela, nā māla petrochemical, e like me ka hana ʻana o nā ipu, nā paipu, nā pipelines. paipu kapuahi a me ka wela wela a pela aku.
10.904L kila kila. Super piha austenitic kuhiliʻole kila, he super austenitic kuhiliʻole kila invented e Finland Otto Kemp, kona nickel mass hakina o 24% a hiki i 26%, kalapona ka hapa hapa o lalo o 0.02%, maikai corrosion kū'ē, i loko o ka non-oxidising nāʻakika e like me sulfuric, acetic, formic a me ka phosphoric kū'ē kū'ē maikaʻi loa. ʻinoʻino a me ke kūʻē ʻana i nā waiwai corrosion stress. He kūpono ia no nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole o ka sulfuric acid ma lalo o 70 ℃, a he kūpaʻa maikaʻi ka corrosion i ka acetic acid a me ka hui ʻana o ka waikawa formic a me ka acetic acid o kēlā me kēia ʻano a me kekahi mahana ma lalo o ke kaomi maʻamau. ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau ASMESB-625 e pili ana iā ia i nā nickel-based alloys, a ʻo ka maʻamau hou e pili ana i ke kila kila. ʻO Kina wale nō ka helu 015Cr19Ni26Mo5Cu2 kila, kekahi mau mea hana ʻEulopa o nā mea kī me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kila kila 904L, e like me ka E + H's mass flowmeter ana paipu ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka 904L stainless steel, hoʻohana pū ʻia ka pahu kiaʻi Rolex 904L stainless steel.
11.440C kila kila. He kila kuhiliʻole Martensitic, kila kuhiliʻole paʻakikī, kila kuhiliʻole i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa, paʻakikī HRC57. Hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā nozzles, bearings, valves, valve spools, valve seats, sleeves, valve stems, etc.
12.17-4PH kila kila. ʻO Martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel, hardness HRC44, me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā mahana kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 300 ℃. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi i ka lewa a me ka dilute acids a i ʻole nā paʻakai, a ʻo kona kūpaʻa ʻana e like me ka 304 stainless steel a me 430 stainless steel, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā paepae o waho, nā turbine blades, spools, nā noho, nā lima lima a me nā kumu o nā kiwi.
I ka ʻoihana mea hana, i hui pū ʻia me nā pilikia maʻamau a me nā kumu kūʻai, ʻo ke kauoha koho austenitic stainless steel maʻamau ʻo 304-304L-316-316L-317-321-347-904L stainless steel, ʻo 317 ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia, 321 ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia, 347 ka mea hoʻohana ʻia no ke kiʻekiʻe-904. ʻO kekahi mau mea o nā mea hana pilikino, ʻaʻole e hoʻolālā ka hoʻolālā e koho i ka 904L.
I ke koho hoʻolālā instrumentation, e loaʻa pinepine nā mea instrumentation a me nā mea paipu i nā manawa like ʻole, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe, pono mākou e nānā kūikawā i ke koho ʻana i nā mea instrumentation e hoʻokō ai i nā lako hana a i ʻole ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka pipeline a me ke kaomi hoʻolālā, e like me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe chrome molybdenum steel pipeline, aʻo ka mea kani e koho i ke kila kila, a laila pono ke hele i ka pilikia a me ka pilikia.
I ka mea hoʻolālā koho, halawai pinepine i ka like 'ole o ka nenoaiu, moʻo, māka o kuhiliʻole kila, koho pono e ma muli o ka kiko'ī kaʻina media, wela, kaomi, stressed 'āpana, corrosion a me ke kumu kūʻai a me nā manaʻo'ē aʻe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Oct-11-2023