ʻO ke kila kila Duplex (DSS) kahi ʻano kila kila nona nā ʻāpana like o ka ferrite a me ka austenite, me ka pae liʻiliʻi ma ka liʻiliʻi he 30%. ʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa i ka DSS kahi ʻike chromium ma waena o 18% a me 28% a me kahi ʻike nickel ma waena o 3% a me 10%. Loaʻa pū kekahi mau kila kila duplex i nā mea hoʻohuihui e like me ka molybdenum (Mo), ke keleawe (Cu), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), a me ka nitrogen (N).
Hoʻohui kēia ʻano kila i nā ʻano o nā kila kila austenitic a me ferritic. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kila kila ferritic, ʻoi aku ka plasticity a me ka paʻakikī o DSS, nele i ka brittleness mahana lumi, a hōʻike i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion intergranular a me ka weldability. I ka manawa like, mālama ia i ka brittleness 475°C a me ke conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe o nā kila kila ferritic a hōʻike i ka superplasticity. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kila kila austenitic, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o DSS a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka intergranular a me ka chloride stress corrosion. Loaʻa iā DSS ke kūʻē ʻana i ka pitting corrosion maikaʻi loa a ua manaʻo ʻia he kila kila mālama nickel.
ʻAno a me nā ʻAno
Ma muli o kona ʻano pālua o ka austenite a me ka ferrite, me kēlā me kēia pae e helu ana ma kahi o ka hapalua, hōʻike ʻo DSS i nā ʻano o nā kila kila austenitic a me ferritic. ʻO ka ikaika hua o DSS mai 400 MPa a i 550 MPa, ʻo ia ka pālua o nā kila kila austenitic maʻamau. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o DSS, haʻahaʻa ka mahana hoʻololi brittle, a hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ke kūpaʻa corrosion intergranular a me ka weldability i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kila kila ferritic. Mālama pū ia i kekahi mau waiwai kila kila ferritic, e like me ka brittleness 475°C, conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe, coefficient hoʻonui thermal haʻahaʻa, superplasticity, a me ka magnetism. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kila kila austenitic, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o DSS, ʻoi aku ka ikaika hua, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pitting, ka corrosion stress, a me ka luhi corrosion.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka DSS i ʻehā ʻano ma muli o kona ʻano kemika: Cr18, Cr23 (ʻaʻohe Mo), Cr22, a me Cr25. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia ke ʻano Cr25 i nā kila kila maʻamau a me nā kila kila super duplex. Ma waena o kēia mau mea, ʻoi aku ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻia o nā ʻano Cr22 a me Cr25. Ma Kina, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā papa DSS i lawe ʻia ua hana ʻia ma Suedena, me 3RE60 (ʻano Cr18), SAF2304 (ʻano Cr23), SAF2205 (ʻano Cr22), a me SAF2507 (ʻano Cr25).
Nā ʻano kila kila Duplex
1. ʻAno Haʻahaʻa-Alloy:Hōʻike ʻia e UNS S32304 (23Cr-4Ni-0.1N), ʻaʻohe molybdenum i loko o kēia kila a he Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN) kona o 24-25. Hiki iā ia ke pani i ka AISI 304 a i ʻole 316 i nā noi pale ʻana i ka palaho.
2. ʻAno Alloy Waena:Hōʻike ʻia e UNS S31803 (22Cr-5Ni-3Mo-0.15N), me ka PREN o 32-33. ʻO kona kūpaʻa i ka pala ma waena o AISI 316L a me 6% Mo+N austenitic stainless steels.
3. ʻAno Alloy Kiʻekiʻe:ʻO ka maʻamau, aia he 25% Cr me ka molybdenum a me ka naikokene, i kekahi manawa he keleawe a me ka tungsten. Hōʻike ʻia e UNS S32550 (25Cr-6Ni-3Mo-2Cu-0.2N), me ka PREN o 38-39, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa ʻana o kēia kila i ka pala ma mua o 22% Cr DSS.
4. Ke kila kila Duplex nui loa:Loaʻa nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka molybdenum a me ka naikokene, i hōʻike ʻia e UNS S32750 (25Cr-7Ni-3.7Mo-0.3N), i kekahi manawa loaʻa pū kekahi tungsten a me ke keleawe, me ka PREN ma luna o 40. He kūpono ia no nā kūlana media ʻino, e hāʻawi ana i ka pala maikaʻi loa a me nā waiwai mechanical, e like me nā kila kila super austenitic.
Nā Papa o ke kila kila Duplex ma Kina
ʻO ke kūlana Kina hou GB/T 20878-2007 "Nā Papa Kila Kūpaʻa a me ka Hoʻohui Kemika" e komo pū ana me nā papa DSS he nui, e like me 14Cr18Ni11Si4AlTi, 022Cr19Ni5Mo3Si2N, a me 12Cr21Ni5Ti. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kila duplex 2205 kaulana e pili ana i ka papa Kina 022Cr23Ni5Mo3N.
Nā ʻano o ke kila kila Duplex
Ma muli o kona ʻano hana pālua, ma o ka hoʻomalu pono ʻana i ka haku mele kemika a me ke kaʻina hana wela, hoʻohui ʻo DSS i nā pono o nā kila kila ferritic a me austenitic. Loaʻa iā ia ka paʻakikī maikaʻi loa a me ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia o nā kila kila austenitic a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka palaho chloride o nā kila kila ferritic. ʻO kēia mau waiwai kiʻekiʻe i hoʻolilo iā DSS i mea hoʻomohala wikiwiki ma ke ʻano he mea kūkulu hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia mai ka makahiki 1980, e lilo ana i mea hoʻohālikelike me nā kila kila martensitic, austenitic, a me ferritic. Loaʻa iā DSS nā ʻano penei:
1. Ke kū'ē'ē ʻana i ka palaho o Chloride:Hōʻike ka DSS i loaʻa ka Molybdenum i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka palaho koʻikoʻi chloride ma nā pae koʻikoʻi haʻahaʻa. ʻOiai ʻo 18-8 austenitic stainless steels e ʻeha pinepine i ka haki ʻana o ka palaho koʻikoʻi i nā hopena chloride neutral ma luna o 60°C, hana maikaʻi ka DSS i nā wahi e loaʻa ana nā nui liʻiliʻi o nā chlorides a me ka hydrogen sulfide, e kūpono ai no nā mea hoʻololi wela a me nā evaporators.
2. Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka palaho lua:Loaʻa i ka DSS ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pitting corrosion. Me ka Pitting Resistance Equivalent like (PRE=Cr%+3.3Mo%+16N%), hōʻike like nā DSS a me nā kila kila austenitic i nā hiki pitting koʻikoʻi like. ʻOi aku ka kūpaʻa o ka DSS i ka pitting a me ka crevice corrosion, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā ʻano chromium kiʻekiʻe, me ka nitrogen, ma mua o ka AISI 316L.
3. Ka luhi o ka palaho a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka palaho:Hana maikaʻi ka DSS i kekahi mau ʻano ʻino, e kūpono ai no nā pamu, nā kiwikā, a me nā lako mana ʻē aʻe.
4. Nā Waiwai Mekanika:Loaʻa i ka DSS ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika luhi, me ka ikaika hua pālua o nā kila kila austenitic 18-8. I ke kūlana annealed solution, hiki i kona elongation i 25%, a ʻoi aku kona waiwai paʻakikī AK (V-notch) ma mua o 100 J.
5. Ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia:Loaʻa i ka DSS ka hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia me nā ʻano haki wela haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole pono ka hoʻomehana mua ʻana ma mua o ka hoʻopili ʻana, a ʻaʻole pono ka mālama wela ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana, e ʻae ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana me nā kila kila austenitic 18-8 a i ʻole nā kila kalapona.
6. Hana Wela:ʻOi aku ka laulā o ka mahana hana wela o ka DSS haʻahaʻa-chromium (18%Cr) a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kūpaʻa ma mua o nā kila kila austenitic 18-8, e ʻae ana i ka ʻōwili pololei ʻana i nā papa me ka ʻole o ka forging. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hana wela o ka DSS kiʻekiʻe-chromium (25%Cr) akā hiki ke hana ʻia i loko o nā papa, nā paipu, a me nā uea.
7. Hana Anu:Hōʻike ka DSS i ka paʻakikī hana nui aʻe i ka wā hana anu ma mua o 18-8 mau kila kila austenitic, e koi ana i ke koʻikoʻi mua kiʻekiʻe no ka deformation i ka wā o ka hana ʻana o ka paipu a me ka papa.
8. Ka Hoʻokele Wela a me ka Hoʻonui ʻana:ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka conductivity thermal o ka DSS a me nā coefficients hoʻonui thermal haʻahaʻa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kila kila austenitic, e kūpono ai no nā lako hoʻopaʻa a me ka hana ʻana i nā papa composite. He kūpono nō hoʻi ia no nā ʻōpū paipu hoʻololi wela, me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻololi wela ma mua o nā kila kila austenitic.
9. Ka palupalu:Mālama ka DSS i nā ʻano palupalu o nā kila kila ferritic kiʻekiʻe-chromium a ʻaʻole kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mahana ma luna o 300°C. ʻO ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui o ka chromium i loko o ka DSS, ʻo ka emi iki o kona hiki ke palupalu i nā pae palupalu e like me ka pae sigma.
Nā Pōmaikaʻi Hana o Womic Steel
ʻO Womic Steel kahi mea hana alakaʻi o ke kila kila duplex, e hāʻawi ana i kahi laulā o nā huahana e pili ana i nā paipu, nā papa, nā kaola, a me nā uea. Pili kā mākou huahana i nā kūlana honua nui a ua hōʻoia ʻia ʻo ISO, CE, a me API. Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokipa i ka nānā ʻana o nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu a me ka nānā hope loa, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana ua hoʻokō ʻia nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa.
Ua kaulana nā huahana kila kila duplex a Womic Steel no kā lākou:
Nā Mea Maka Kiʻekiʻe Loa:Hoʻohana wale mākou i nā mea maka maikaʻi loa e hōʻoia i ka hana maikaʻi loa o ka huahana.
Nā ʻenehana hana holomua:ʻO kā mākou mau hale hana hana kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka hui akamai e hiki ai iā mākou ke hana i ke kila kila duplex me nā mea hoʻohui kemika pololei a me nā waiwai mechanical.
Nā Hoʻonā Hoʻopilikino:Hāʻawi mākou i nā ʻano nui like ʻole a me nā kikoʻī e hoʻokō i nā pono kikoʻī o kā mākou mea kūʻai aku.
Ka Mana Hoʻomalu Kūlana Koʻikoʻi:ʻO kā mākou mau kaʻina hana hoʻomalu maikaʻi e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hoʻokō ʻana o kēlā me kēia huahana i nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa o ka maikaʻi.
Hōʻea Honua:Me kahi pūnaewele hoʻokuʻu aku ikaika, hāʻawi ʻo Womic Steel i ke kila kila duplex i nā mea kūʻai aku ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e kākoʻo ana i nā ʻoihana like ʻole me nā mea hilinaʻi a me nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe.
E koho iā Womic Steel no kāu mau pono kila kila duplex a ʻike i ke ʻano maikaʻi a me ka lawelawe i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia iā mākou ma ka ʻoihana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-29-2024